Yintoni iNabizi Kwaye Kutheni Ibalulekile?
Ipulse, nangona ihlala yaziwa njengokubetha kwentliziyo; eneneni ichaza uxinzelelo lwegazi olwenziwa ngentliziyo ngexesha ngalinye lokuncipha kwayo, kunye nokunyakaza okungaguqukiyo okwenziwa kulo xinzelelo kwiimithambo yegazi. Intliziyo, xa incipha kwaye iphumla, ithumela igazi kwi-aorta, eyona mithambo inkulu, ukusuka apho lisasazeka emzimbeni wonke. Iimithambo zinezakhiwo eziguquguqukayo, ngoko ke ziphendula kule ntshukumo yegazi ngokwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ububanzi bazo. Ipulse; ingavakala lula kwiindawo ezikufutshane nolusu ezifana nesihlahla, entanyeni, esiphakathini okanye emathangeni.
Ixabiso lepulse yomntu ngamnye; lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nobudala, isini, impilo ngokubanzi, ubushushu bomzimba, utshintsho lwehomoni, imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yomzimba okanye yengqondo, amayeza asetyenziswayo kunye nezinye izifo. Kwezinye iimeko, uxinzelelo, umthambo, isifo okanye utshintsho lwemvakalelo lunokubangela ukwanda okanye ukwehla kwepulse, kwaye oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukuba ipulse kufuneka ibe rhoqo kwaye inomlinganiselo.
Kubantu abenza umthambo rhoqo, ngakumbi abadlali, ipulse ecatshulwayo ngexesha lokuphumla inokuba sezantsi kunomlinganiselo woluntu ngokubanzi. Ipulse ayibonisi kuphela isantya sentliziyo, kodwa ikwanika ulwazi malunga nomlinganiselo wayo, imeko yomzimba kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo. Izifo zentliziyo kunye nezivalo zayo, ukopha okukhulu, iingxaki zethyroid, izifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nokopha kwengqondo zinokubangela utshintsho olucacileyo kwi-pulse.
Kubantu abadala abaphilileyo, isantya sentliziyo ngexesha lokuphumla sihlala phakathi kwe-60-80 ukubetha/ngomzuzu.
Ipulse Kufuneka Ibe Kwiwuphi Uluhlu Ngokwesiqhelo?
Ukuba ipulse irhythmic kwaye isemlinganisweni othile, luphawu lwenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi esempilweni. Nangona ixabiso lepulse lomntu ngamnye lingahluka, kubantu abadala abaphilileyo isantya sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuphumla sihlala phakathi kwe-60-100 ukubetha/ngomzuzu. Kubantu abenza umthambo rhoqo, eli xabiso linokwehla lifike kwi-45-60 ukubetha/ngomzuzu. Ukuba ipulse ephantsi ngexesha lokuphumla, kuthetha ukuba intliziyo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi.
Ukuba isantya sentliziyo siphezulu, kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo okanye isithuthuthu, ngoko ke ukulinganisa rhoqo ngexesha lokuphumla kunokunceda ekufumaneni kwangoko. Ukuba ipulse yakho ngexesha lokuphumla iphakathi kwe-50-70, oku kunokuthathwa njengokugqibeleleyo; phakathi kwe-70-85 kuqwalaselwa njengesiqhelo; ngaphezu kwe-85 kuthethwa ngepulse ephezulu. Kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ipulse ayisosiseko sodwa sokubeka uxilongo kwaye iimpawu zempilo zomntu ngamnye zahlukile.
Ukulinganisa ipulse yakho rhoqo, ngakumbi xa unengxaki ethile okanye unezinto zomngcipheko, kunokukunceda uqaphele iingxaki zempilo kwangoko. Kodwa ukuba ipulse ephantsi ihamba neempawu ezifana nobuthathaka, isiyezi, okanye ukwehla emhlabeni, kufuneka uye kugqirha wentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. Ipulse ephezulu ihlala ibangelwa zizizathu zexeshana (umthambo, uxinzelelo njl.), kodwa ukuba iphezulu rhoqo ngexesha lokuphumla kufuneka kuphandwe. Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kunye ne-anemia nako kunokunyusa ipulse. Emva kokuyeka ugwayi, ukwehla okubonakalayo kwepulse kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kuqwalaselwa njengotshintsho oluhle.
Ipulse Ilinganiswa Njani?
Ukulinganisa ipulse, ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezithembekileyo, kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha lokuphumla kwaye uzolile. Ungalinganisa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo emini ukufumana ixabiso eliphakathi. Entanyeni, kumacala omabini e-larynx okanye esihlahleni, emva kwegxalaba lomnwe omkhulu, ungacinezela kancinci ngemithambo emithathu ukuze uzive ukubetha. Xa uziva ipulse ngemithambo yakho, sebenzisa istopwatch okanye iwotshi ukubala ukubetha kwi-60 umzuzwana. Inani eliphumayo, yilo ixabiso lepulse yakho ngelo xesha.
Unokusebenzisa izixhobo zoxinzelelo lwegazi zedijithali okanye izixhobo zempilo ezikrelekrele. Kwakhona, ukuba kukho ukungaqhelekanga komlinganiselo wentliziyo (okwaziwa ngokuba 'kukuphosa' phakathi koluntu), kucetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha. Kubantu abanesifo sokungalingani komlinganiselo, ukulinganisa ipulse ngokuchanekileyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokumamela intliziyo ngokuthe ngqo. Ukulawula ipulse rhoqo kubalulekile ekufumaneni kwangoko izifo zentliziyo kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi zomzimba.
Ziziphi Izizathu ZePulse Ephezulu (Tachycardia)?
Xa isantya sentliziyo siphezulu kunesiqhelo kuthiwa "tachycardia". Ipulse ephezulu; inokuba sisiphumo sesifo sentliziyo, usulelo, izifo zethyroid, i-goiter engalawulwayo, ukopha okukhulu okanye ezinye izifo ezinzima. Xa kukho ukopha okukhulu, intliziyo iqala ukubetha ngokukhawuleza ukuze inikeze i-oksijeni eyaneleyo kwizicubu, kodwa xa ilahleko yegazi inkulu, ipulse ingehla kakhulu kwaye oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
Ukuphakama kobushushu bomzimba, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, uxinzelelo lwemvakalelo, umthambo womzimba kunye nemisebenzi engalindelekanga nako kunokunyusa ipulse. Emva komthambo okanye amava anemvakalelo enamandla, ipulse ephezulu ihlala ibuyela kwesiqhelo xa umntu ephumla. Kodwa, ukuba ipulse ihlala iphezulu ngaphezu kwe-90 ukubetha/ngomzuzu ngexesha lokuphumla, inokuba luphawu lwesinye isifo esingaphantsi kwaye ifuna uphando oluneenkcukacha.
Umthambo womzimba rhoqo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, unokunciphisa ipulse ngexesha lokuphumla. Imikhwa efana nokuhamba kancinci yonke imihla inegalelo elihle kwimpilo yentliziyo kwaye inceda ukugcina ipulse ezantsi.
Ziziphi Izizathu ZePulse Ephantsi (Bradycardia)?
Ipulse ephantsi ebizwa ngokuba "bradycardia" ithetha ukuba isantya sentliziyo siphantsi komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo. Xa ipulse ingaphantsi kwe-40 ukubetha ngomzuzu, igazi kunye ne-oksijeni eneleleyo inokuba ayifikeleli emzimbeni, kwaye oku kunokubangela isiyezi, ukwehla emhlabeni, ukubila kunye neempawu ze-neurology. Ukopha kwengqondo, iitumor, izifo zentliziyo, ukusebenza okuphantsi kwe-thyroid, ukungalingani kwehomoni, ukuguga, ukungaqhelekanga kwentliziyo okuzalwa nako, ukuswela iiminerali, i-sleep apnea kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanye amayeza kunokubangela i-bradycardia.
Kwelinye icala, kubantu abenza umthambo rhoqo kwaye banomzimba oqinileyo, isantya sentliziyo esehla ukuya kwi-40 ukubetha ngomzuzu kunokuthathwa njengesiqhelo. Oku kubonisa ukuba intliziyo isebenza ngamandla kwaye ngokufanelekileyo. Kubantu abaqhelene nomthambo, ukwehla kwepulse ngenxa yezizathu zomzimba akusosifo.
Zithini Ixabiso Lepulse Ngokweminyaka?
Ipulse kufuneka ibe rhoqo kwaye inomlinganiselo kuwo onke amashumi eminyaka. Ngexesha lomsebenzi womzimba iyanda, ngoko ke ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo, ukulinganisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha lokuphumla okanye emva kokuphumla imizuzu emi-5-10. Kuxhomekeke kubudala kunye nesini, ixabiso lepulse lingahluka. Umzekelo, kubantwana abangamantombazana ipulse ihlala iphezulu kancinci kunakwabafana; kubantu abadala, akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi. Ukongezelela, ubunzima obugqithisileyo kunye nezifo ezinzima nazo zinempembelelo kwi-pulse. Kucetyiswa ukuba ungazilibali ukuhlolwa kwempilo rhoqo ukuze uphile kakuhle.
Ixabiso lepulse elicetyiswayo ngokweqela lobudala lilandelayo:
Kubantwana abasandula ukuzalwa: 70-190 (umlinganiselo 125 ukubetha/ngomzuzu)
Kubantwana abaphakathi kwe-1-11 iinyanga: 80-160 (umlinganiselo 120)
Iminyaka 1-2: 80-130 (umlinganiselo 110)
Iminyaka 2-4: 80-120 (umlinganiselo 100)
Iminyaka 4-6: 75-115 (umlinganiselo 100)
Iminyaka 6-8: 70-110 (umlinganiselo 90)
Iminyaka 8-10: 70-110 (umlinganiselo 90)
Iminyaka 10-12: Amantombazana 70-110, Amakhwenkwe 65-105 (umlinganiselo 85-90)
Iminyaka 12-14: Amantombazana 65-105, Amakhwenkwe 60-100 (umlinganiselo 80-85)
Iminyaka 14-16: Amantombazana 60-100, Amakhwenkwe 55-95 (umlinganiselo 75-80)
Iminyaka 16-18: Amantombazana 55-95, Amakhwenkwe 50-90 (umlinganiselo 70-75)
Iminyaka eli-18 nangaphezulu: 60-100 (umlinganiselo 80)
Kuba kunokubakho utshintsho oluncinane kwezi xabiso ngokweminyaka kunye neempawu zomntu ngamnye, ukuba unexhala, kungcono ubuze ingcali yezempilo.
Imibuzo Ebuza Ngokuphindaphindiweyo (I.M.E.)
1. Ipulse kufuneka ibe yintoni?
Kubantu abadala abaphilileyo, ipulse ngexesha lokuphumla ihlala phakathi kwe-60-100 ukubetha/ngomzuzu. Kubantu abenza umthambo rhoqo, eli xabiso linokuba sezantsi. Kodwa uluhlu lwepulse olugqibeleleyo lungahluka ngokwemeko yempilo yomntu kunye nobudala.
2. Ndingayilinganisa njani ipulse yam?
Ungayilinganisa ipulse yakho entanyeni, esihlahleni okanye emathangeni, ngokucinezela kancinci ngemithambo emithathu kwi-artery ekufutshane nolusu, uze ubale ukubetha kwi-60 umzuzwana. Kwakhona, izixhobo zoxinzelelo lwegazi zedijithali okanye izixhobo ezinxitywayo ezikrelekrele zinokunika isisombululo esisebenzayo.
3. Ipulse ephezulu iyingozi na?
Ukuba ipulse ephezulu ibangelwa zizizathu zexeshana, ngokuqhelekileyo ayibangeli umngcipheko omkhulu kwaye ibuyela kwesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, ipulse ephezulu rhoqo xa uphumle, inokuba yingozi kwizifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi kwaye kufuneka ihlolwe phantsi kolawulo logqirha.
4. Ingaba ipulse ephantsi iyingozi?
Ukuba ipulse iyehla ngaphantsi kwama-40 ngomzuzu kwaye oku kuhamba neempawu ezifana nentloko ejikeleza, buthathaka, okanye ukulahlekelwa yingqondo, kufuneka uye kugqirha. Kodwa ke, kubantu abenza umthambo rhoqo, ipulse ephantsi ayisoloko ingxaki.
5. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ipulse itshintsha ngesiquphe?
Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwepulse lunokubangelwa zizinto zexeshana ezifana noxinzelelo, umthambo, uloyiko olukhawulezileyo, umkhuhlane okanye usulelo. Utshintsho oluqhubekayo okanye olucacileyo lunokuba luphawu lwesifo esingaphantsi, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuhlolwa kwezonyango.
6. Ingaba ukutshaya kuchaphazela ipulse?
Ewe, kuyaziwa ukuba ukusebenzisa itshayo kunyusa ipulse. Ukuyeka ukutshaya ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukuba ipulse yehlise; oku kuluncedo kwimpilo yentliziyo.
7. Ziziphi izifo ezibangela ukungaqhelekanga kwepulse?
Izifo zethyroid, izifo zevalvu yentliziyo, anemia, iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, usulelo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile zinokubangela utshintsho lwepulse.
8. Ipulse kufuneka ibe yintoni kubantwana?
Ixabiso lepulse kubantwana liyahluka ngokweminyaka. Kubantwana abasandul’ ukuzalwa ipulse iphezulu, kwaye iyehla ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko bekhula. Itheyibhile yamaxabiso aqhelekileyo ngokweminyaka inikwe ngasentla.
9. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ipulse "iyaphosisa"?
Ukungaqhelekanga kwepulse okanye "ukuphosa", kunokubonisa ukuphazamiseka komrhythm wentliziyo. Ukuba le meko iyaphinda-phinda okanye ihamba nezinye izikhalazo, kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha.
10. Kufuneka ndihlale ndilinganisa ipulse yam?
Ewe, ngakumbi ukuba unomngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi okanye wenza umthambo rhoqo, ukulandelela ipulse yakho kunokuba luncedo. Kwiimeko zotshintsho olukhawulezileyo, kucetyiswa ukubonana nengcali.
11. Ingaba ukutyeba okanye ubunzima obugqithisileyo kuchaphazela ipulse?
Ubunzima obugqithisileyo kunye nokutyeba kunokubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima ngakumbi; oku kunokubangela ukuba ipulse xa uphumle ibe phezulu.
12. Ingaba izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi zithembekile ekulinganiseni ipulse?
Izixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi zale mihla zihlala zithembekile; kodwa ukuba kukho ukungaqiniseki kwimilinganiselo okanye ukungaqhelekanga kokubetha, kucetyiswa ukuhlolwa ngugqirha.
13. Ingaba imeko zengqondo zichaphazela ipulse?
Uxinzelelo, inkxalabo, uvuyo olugqithisileyo kunye nezinye iimeko zengqondo zinokubangela ukunyuka kwexeshana kwepulse. Oku kuhlala kungokwesikhashana.
14. Ipulse ibuyela nini kwesiqhelo emva komthambo?
Kuxhomekeke kubunzima bomthambo kunye nenqanaba lokomelela komntu, ipulse idla ngokubuyela kwesiqhelo phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 emva komthambo.
15. Zikhona izifo ezihlala zichaphazela ipulse?
Ewe; izifo zentliziyo ezihlala zikhona, iingxaki zevalvu yentliziyo, ukuphazamiseka komrhythm kunye nezifo zethyroid zinokuchaphazela ipulse ngokusisigxina. Ukulandelela rhoqo kunye nonyango kubalulekile kwezi meko.
Imithombo
I-World Health Organization (WHO). Izifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
American Heart Association (AHA). Konke malunga neRhythm yentliziyo (Pulse).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Rhythm yentliziyo.
Mayo Clinic. Pulse: Indlela yokulinganisa ipulse yakho.
European Society of Cardiology (ESC). IziKhokelo kulawulo lwezifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Başoğlu, M., et al. IPhysiology yezonyango. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
UpToDate. Uvavanyo lomntu omdala oneempawu zokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.