Intlungu Yephango: Izizathu Zayo, Iimpawu Zayo kunye Neendlela Eziphumelelayo

Yintoni Imeko Yokubandezeleka Kwamqala?

Ukubandezeleka kwamqala; sisikhalazo esiqhelekileyo esibonakaliswa kukutsha, ukuluma, ukubetha, ukucaphuka kunye nentlungu xa kuginywa. Ingakumbi phakathi kweempawu eziphambili ezibangela abantu ukuba baye kwiikliniki. Ukoma okanye ukungonwabi emqaleni kuhlala kudlula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungaphiliswa ngokwako. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukubandezeleka kwamqala okuhlala ixesha elide okanye okuhlala kuphindaphinda kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki yezempilo enzulu kwaye kunokufuna uvavanyo lwezonyango.

Zeziphi Iindawo Zomqala Ezichaphazelekayo?

Ukubandezeleka kwamqala, xa kubonakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomqala, kubizwa ngokohlobo lwako:

• Intlungu echaphazela umphambili womlomo ibizwa ngokuba yi-farenjitisi,

• Ukudumba kunye nokubomvu kwiingcongconi kubizwa ngokuba yi-tonsilayitisi (ukudumba kweengcongconi),

• Kwindawo yelarynx ibizwa ngokuba yi-larenjitisi.

Iindlela Ezingasetyenziswa Ukuze Kuncitshiswe Ukubandezeleka Kwamqala

Kukho iindlela ezilula onokuzama ekhaya ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka kwamqala. Ukusela ulwelo oluninzi, ukusela iti eshushu kunye nokuhlala kwindawo enomswakama kunokunceda ukuthomalalisa umqala. Amanzi ashushu axutywe nelamuni kunye nobusi, iti yejinja, iti ye-chamomile kunye ne-sage, i-echinacea okanye iti ye-meyan, zihlala zikhethwa ngokwesiko. Kwakhona, uphando lwezenzululwazi lubonise ukuba ezinye iziqhamo zemifuno (umzekelo ijinja, i-echinacea) zinokunceda ukuthomalalisa ukucaphuka kunye nokudumba komqala. Nangona kunjalo, izongezelelo zemifuno azifanelekanga kubo bonke abantu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba abo banezifo ezosulelayo okanye abasebenzisa amayeza rhoqo babuze ugqirha phambi kokusebenzisa ezi ndlela.

Iindlela Zonyango Zokubandezeleka Kwamqala

Unyango lokubandezeleka kwamqala luxhomekeke kwimbangela ephantsi:

• Kwiimeko ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akasetyenziswa kwaye unyango oluxhasayo (ukuphumla, ukusela ulwelo, amayeza okwehlisa ubushushu) luyanele.

• Xa kufunyaniswa usulelo lwebhaktheriya, ugqirha angayiqala imithi efanelekileyo yokubulala iintsholongwane. Oku kuhlala kuthatha iintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-10.

• Ukunciphisa intlungu kunye nokudumba, amayeza afana ne-acetaminophen okanye ibuprofen angasetyenziswa.

• Ukuba ukubandezeleka kwamqala kubangelwa ziiallerji, amayeza e-antihistamine anganceda.

• Kwiimeko ezibangelwa yi-reflux, utshintsho kwindlela yokutya kunye namayeza anciphisa i-asidi yamathumbu angacebiswa.

Zeziphi Iimpawu Eziphambili Zokubandezeleka Kwamqala?

Ukubandezeleka kwamqala; kuhlala kuchazwa ngentlungu eyonyuka xa kuginywa, ukutsha, ukubetha, ukudumba kunye nokubomvu emqaleni. Kwezinye iimeko, ukulahleka kwesandi, ukukhohlela, buthathaka, ubushushu okanye ubunzima ekuginyeni kunokubakho.

Ngubani Ochaphazeleka Ngakumbi Kukubandezeleka Kwamqala?

Nangona kunokwenzeka kuzo zonke iiminyaka, abantwana kunye nabaselula (ngakumbi abo inkqubo yokuzikhusela ingekavuthwa) bahlala bechaphazeleka kakhulu. Kwakhona, abo bahlala begula, abanomzimba onothambekela kwiiallerji kunye nabo bachitha ixesha kwiindawo ezixineneyo (umzekelo isikolo, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke) bakwizingozi enkulu.

Iindlela Zendalo Ezithomalalisa Ukubandezeleka Kwamqala

Iingcebiso eziqhelekileyo ezinokunceda ukuthomalalisa umqala:

• Iiseti ezishushu (iti yemifuno, ubisi olushushu okanye amanzi)

• Indibaniselwano yobusi kunye nelamuni

• Ukuxukuxa ngomlomo ngamanzi anetyuwa

• Ukunyusa umswakama wegumbi (umzekelo ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokufutha umphunga)

• Ukuphepha ukutshaya kunye nezinto ezicaphukisayo

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba intlungu iqhubeka, ithatha ixesha elide okanye kukho ubushushu, ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ezinye iimpawu, kufuneka kuqhutywe uvavanyo logqirha.

Ukutya Okuluncedo kunye Nezongezelelo Zendalo Zokubandezeleka Kwamqala

Ngokwesiko, ubusi, iyogathi, ukutya okuthambileyo okuxovulweyo kunye neesuphu ezishushu zicebiswa ngokuchasene nokubandezeleka kwamqala. Ubusi bumanzisa kwaye buthomalalisa umqala; iviniga ye-apile ikhethwa ngabanye ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezithintela iintsholongwane. Itswele lidume kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zalo ezinamandla zokulwa neoksijini kunye neentsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, xa uzama ezi zongezelelo kufuneka uqaphele iimfuno zomntu ngamnye kunye neengxaki zamathumbu.

Izizathu Ezixhaphakileyo Zokubandezeleka Kwamqala

• Ukubanda, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane (zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokubandezeleka kwamqala)

• Usulelo olubangelwa ziibhaktheriya ze-streptococcus (ingakumbi kubantwana besikolo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe)

• Iiallerji (umgubo, uthuli, umngundo, iinwele zezilwanyana njl.)

• Umoya owomileyo, ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nomsi wokutshaya

• Ukucaphuka ngokwasemzimbeni (ukuthetha ngelizwi eliphezulu, ukukhala, ukutya okanye ukusela izinto ezishushu okanye ezibandayo)

• Isifo se-reflux (i-asidi yamathumbu ifikelela emqaleni)

• Ngamathuba ambalwa, umhlaza, iimeko ezosulelayo ezihlala ixesha elide okanye ukwenzakala

Izinto Ezonyusa Umngcipheko Wokubandezeleka Kwamqala

• Abantwana kunye nabaselula abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-15

• Ukutshaya okanye ukuvezwa kumsi wokutshaya

• Iimeko ezibuthathaka inkqubo yokuzikhusela (ezinye izifo kunye namayeza)

• Ukuhlala ixesha elide kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezivaliweyo

• Ukungakhathalelwanga ucoceko lomntu

Amanyathelo Okuthintela Ukubandezeleka Kwamqala

• Ukuziphatha kakuhle ngokuhlamba izandla rhoqo nangendlela efanelekileyo

• Ukusebenzisa imaski okanye isepha yokubulala iintsholongwane xa usezindaweni ezixineneyo

• Ukugxininisa ucoceko lwezinto zomntu

• Ukuxhasa inkqubo yokuzikhusela ngokutya okulinganiselweyo kunye nokulala ngokwaneleyo

• Ukungatshayi, ukuphepha ukuvezwa kumsi wokutshaya

• Ukufumana izitofu ezicetyiswayo ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezithile

Yintoni Eyenziwayo Ukuba Ukubandezeleka Kwamqala Kuhlala Ixesha Elide?

Uninzi lokubandezeleka kwamqala luyadlula ngokwako kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 xa kuphumla ekhaya kunye namanyathelo okuxhasa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezi meko zilandelayo kufuneka uye kugqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuginya okanye ukuvula umlomo

• Ukudumba okubonakalayo entanyeni okanye ebusweni

• Ubushushu obuphezulu (38°C nangaphezulu)

• Ukulahleka kwesandi okuhlala ixesha elide okanye intlungu enkulu ezindlebeni

• Ukonyuka kwegazi okanye isaliva emlonyeni

• Iimpawu zesistim ezinjengentlungu yamalungu okanye urhudo

Kwenziwa Njani Uvavanyo Lokubandezeleka Kwamqala?

Indlela ephambili kuvavanyo kukuphulaphula imbali yesigulana, ukuvavanywa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuba kuyimfuneko, iimvavanyo zovavanyo. Oogqirha abakhethekileyo, xa kuyimfuneko, benza iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo ze-antigen okanye inkcubeko yomqala ukuze bahlule phakathi kweentsholongwane. Ukujonga ngokubonakalayo (ukujonga i-pharynx) nako kuhlala kwanele.

Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kokubandezeleka Kwamqala kunye Nokulahleka Kwezandi

Ukuba ukulahleka kwezandi kuqhubeka emva kokuba ukubandezeleka kwamqala kuphelile, oku kuhlala kuxhomekeke ekucaphukeni kwezintambo zesandi. Ukuba ukulahleka kwezandi kuhlala ixesha elide, kubalulekile ukubonana nengcali yeendlebe, impumlo nomqala.

Ngaba Izitofu Zisebenza Ekuthinteleni Ukubandezeleka Kwamqala?

Izitofu eziphuhlisiweyo ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela ukubandezeleka kwamqala zinokubonelela ngokhuseleko. Ungafumana ulwazi malunga nezinye izitofu ezicetyiswayo (umzekelo izitofu ze-strep kwamanye amazwe) kugqirha wakho.

Ukubandezeleka Kwamqala kunye ne-COVID-19

Enye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo ze-COVID-19 kukubandezeleka kwamqala. Nangona kunjalo, ayinakusetyenziswa yodwa ekwenzeni uvavanyo lwesi sifo; kufuneka kuhlolwe nezinye iimpawu ezifana nobushushu, ukukhohlela, ubunzima bokuphefumla. Ukuba kukho ukungaqiniseki, uvavanyo lwezonyango kunye neemvavanyo ziyacetyiswa.

Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo

Ngaba ukubandezeleka kwamqala kuhlala kubangelwa lusulelo?

Uninzi lwamaxesha, ewe. Ingakumbi iintsholongwane ezifana nokubanda kunye nomkhuhlane zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo.

Zeziphi iindlela zendalo endinokuzama ekhaya ukuthomalalisa ukubandezeleka kwamqala?

Iiseti ezishushu, ubusi, amanzi anelamuni, ukuxukuxa ngomlomo ngamanzi anetyuwa, ukunyusa umswakama womoya kunye nokuphumla kwezandi zezona zicebiso ziphambili.

Ngaba ukubandezeleka kwamqala kubantwana kuyingozi?

Nangona usulelo olulula luhlala lufumaneka ebantwaneni, ukuba kukho ubushushu obuphezulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye urhudo, kufuneka uye kugqirha.

Kweziphi iimeko kufuneka uye kugqirha xa une ukubandezeleka kwamqala?

Ukuba iimpawu zihlala ngaphezu kweentsuku ezilishumi, ukuba ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokuginya buvela, okanye ukuba ubushushu obukhulu okanye ukuvuvukala entanyeni kuyenzeka, kufuneka kuqhutywe uvavanyo lwezonyango.

Ngaba kunokunikwa i-aspirin kubantwana abanentlungu yomqala?

Hayi. I-aspirin ayicetyiswa kubantwana ngenxa yomngcipheko weReye syndrome. Nceda ubuze ugqirha wakho malunga neziyobisi zokunciphisa iintlungu.

Ngaba ubusi, iviniga ye-apile kunye negalikhi ziluncedo entlungwini yomqala?

Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa ngokwesiko njengenxalenye yokuxhasa, kodwa azinakuthatha indawo yonyango lwezonyango. Ingakumbi abo banezifo ezosulelayo kufuneka bazame ezi ndlela phantsi kolawulo logqirha.

Leliphi elona bhakteriya lixhaphakileyo elibangela intlungu yomqala?

Iibhakteriya zeStreptococcus, ngakumbi kubantwana, zisesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sentlungu yomqala ebangelwa ziibhakteriya.

Kutheni kucetyiswa ntoni xa intlungu yomqala kunye nokukhohlela zikhona kunye?

Iindlela zokuxhasa (iziselo ezishushu, amanzi amaninzi, ukuphumla) ziyacetyiswa. Ukuba iimpawu zihlala ixesha elide okanye zinqaba, kufuneka uye kugqirha.

Ngaba iCOVID-19 ibangela intlungu yomqala?

Ewe, intlungu yomqala inokuba yenye yeempawu zeCOVID-19. Ukuba zikhona nezinye iimpawu, uvavanyo lwezonyango luyimfuneko.

Ngaba i-allergies zingabangela intlungu yomqala?

Ukuchasana nepollen, uthuli okanye i-allergens ezivela kwizilwanyana kunokubangela ukusabela kwe-allergic okubangela ukucaphuka kunye nentlungu yomqala.

Ngaba kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-antibiotic kwintlungu yomqala?

Kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-antibiotic kuphela xa kukho usulelo lwebhaktheriya kwaye ugqirha uyacebisa. I-antibiotic ayisebenzi kwizifo ezibangela iintsholongwane.

Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni xa ukhulelwe kwaye unentlungu yomqala?

Ukuphumla kunye neendlela zendalo ezikhuselekileyo zinganceda, kodwa xa kusetyenziswa amayeza okanye iimpawu zinzima kufuneka uye kugqirha.

Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni ukuba ukungacaci kwezwi kuqhubeka emva kwentlungu yomqala?

Ukuba ukungacaci kwezwi kuhlala ixesha elide, kubalulekile ukubonana nengcali ye-ENT.

Ngaba intlungu yomqala esecaleni inokuba yingozi?

Kwiintlungu zomqala ezisecaleni, kunokubakho usulelo lwe-tonsil, umhlaza okanye iingxaki ezinxulumene nemithambo-luvo; kule meko kufuneka uye kugqirha.

Liphi elona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela intlungu yomqala?

Ukugcina ucoceko lwezandla kunye nokuphefumla, ukuphepha ukutshaya kunye nokuxhasa inkqubo yokuzikhusela sesona siseko sokuthintela.

Imithombo

• Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): "Intlungu yomqala - Izizathu kunye noLawulo"

• Iziko loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC): "Intlungu yomqala: Uhlalutyo lwezeNgcali"

• INzululwazi ye-Otolaryngology yaseMelika–Intloko kunye noGqirha weNtamo (AAO-HNS): "Ulwazi lweGqirha malunga neNtlungu yomqala"

• INzululwazi yePediatrics yaseMelika (AAP): "Xa kufuneka ubize ugqirha ukuba umntwana wakho unentlungu yomqala"

• IMayo Clinic: "Intlungu yomqala - Iimpawu kunye nezizathu"

• INkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe (NHS): "Intlungu yomqala"