Yintoni Ebangela Uqaqanjelwa, Yintoni Emele Yenziwe Kwaye Zeziphi Iinyathelo Ezingathathwa Ukuthintela Uqaqanjelwa Oluyingozi?
Ulwazi Olusisiseko Malunga Nesifo Sokugabha
Isifo sokugabha (diyare), sichazwa njengokuphuma kwegabha engaphezulu kathathu ngosuku okanye, ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci, ukuphuma kwegabha okungaqhelekanga okuxhaphakileyo kwaye kungamanzi. Isifo sokugabha siqala ngesiquphe kwaye sinokubangela ilahleko enkulu yolwelo emzimbeni, kwaye nangona siqhelekile ngenxa yosulelo, sinokuba luphawu lwezinye izifo ezingaphantsi. Isifo sokugabha sisengxakini kwihlabathi liphela, ngakumbi kubantwana, kwaye sibalulekile ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuphelelwa lulwelo (dehydration).
Inkcazo Yesifo Sokugabha Nokuxhaphaka Kwaso
Isifo sokugabha sisifo senkqubo yokugaya ukutya esibonakaliswa kukuphuma kwegabha okungamanzi, okuthambileyo nokuxhaphakileyo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukosuleleka, kodwa ukunganyamezelani nokutya, amayeza athile okanye izifo zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya nazo zinokubangela isifo sokugabha. Xa isifo sokugabha sivela, ibhalansi yolwelo kunye neminerali emzimbeni iyaphazamiseka, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngakumbi kubantwana, abadala nabantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.
Zeziphi Izizathu Zesifo Sokugabha?
Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zesifo sokugabha zezi:
Uosuleleko lwamathumbu olubangelwa ziintsholongwane, iintsholongwane okanye iiparasayithi (umzekelo Salmonella, E. coli, rotavirus, norovirus)
Ukutya ukutya okonakeleyo okanye okungacocekanga (ityhefu yokutya)
Ukunganyamezelani nokutya okanye ii-allergies (ukunganyamezelani kwe-lactose okanye gluten)
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza (ngakumbi ii-antibiotic)
Izifo zamathumbu ezihlala ixesha elide (umzekelo isifo sikaCrohn, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome)
Izizathu zengqondo ezifana noxinzelelo okanye uvalo
Kubantwana abancinci, ukuphuma kwamazinyo, ukutya okungafanelekanga okanye izifo ezithile ze-metabolism nazo zinokubangela isifo sokugabha.
Yintoni Isifo Sokugabha Esiyingozi (Esinetyhefu) Kwaye Xa Kufuneka Sithathelwe Ingqalelo?
Iindidi ezithile zesifo sokugabha zinokubangela ilahleko enkulu yolwelo kunye nee-electrolyte emzimbeni. Ngokukodwa isifo sokugabha esibangelwa ziitoksini zebhaktheriya (umzekelo cholera, Clostridium difficile) sinokufikelela kwinqanaba elibeka ubomi emngciphekweni kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Kwezo meko, kunokubonakala unxano olugqithisileyo, ukungena ngaphakathi kwamehlo, ukuncipha komchamo, utshintsho kwengqondo, ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza komzimba, igabha enegazi okanye enesikhupha, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuphinda-phinda kokugabha. Xa ezi mpawu zivelayo, ngakumbi kubantwana, abadala nabantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, kufuneka uqwalaselo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo.
Zeziphi Iindidi Ezahlukileyo Zesifo Sokugabha?
Isifo sokugabha sihlulwa-hlulwe ngokwemeko yaso kunye nesizathu esingaphantsi:
Isifo sokugabha esingxamisekileyo: Esixhaphakileyo, sihlala sibangelwa ziintsholongwane kwaye sithatha ngaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini.
Isifo sokugabha esihlala ixesha elide: Sihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezine kwaye sihlobene nezifo ezihlala ixesha elide okanye iingxaki zokufunxa ukutya.
Isifo sokugabha esibangelwa kukukhutshwa kolwelo: Sibangelwa kukukhutshwa kolwelo okugqithisileyo kumathumbu (umzekelo cholera).
Isifo sokugabha esibangelwa kukutsalwa kwamanzi: Sibangelwa kukutsalwa kwamanzi kumathumbu ngenxa yezinto ezingafunwanga (umzekelo ukunganyamezelani kwe-lactose).
Isifo sokugabha esinamafutha (steatoreic): Kuvela xa ukufunxa kwamafutha kuphazamisekile, igabha iba namafutha kwaye inzima.
Iimpawu Zonyango Nezilumkiso Zokuphelelwa Ulwelo
Ngaphandle kwesifo sokugabha, kunokubakho ukugabha, iintlungu esiswini, ubushushu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngumngcipheko wokuphelelwa lulwelo. Kubantwana abancinci kunye nabantwana, ukuncipha komchamo, ukoma emlonyeni, ukulila ngaphandle kweenyembezi, ukungena ngaphakathi kwamehlo kunye nefontanelle, ukungakhuseleki okanye ukufuna ukulala zizibonakaliso zokuphelelwa lulwelo okukhulu. Kubantu abadala, ubuthathaka, isiyezi, ukoma emlonyeni, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kunye nomchamo omnyama kunokubonwa. Ukuba ukungabikho kolwelo akunyangwa, kunokubangela umngcipheko ebomini.
Isifo Sokugabha Sifumaniswa Njani?
Kwixesha lokufumanisa, kubuzwa rhoqo, ubume, inkangeleko yegabha, ubushushu, ukugabha okanye igazi. Ngokukodwa kwizigulo ezingaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini, uvavanyo olungaphezulu alufuneki. Kodwa, ukuba isifo sokugabha sithathe ixesha elide, kukho igabha enegazi okanye enesikhupha, kutshanje kusetyenziswe ii-antibiotic okanye inkqubo yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, kuvavanywa igabha, inkcubeko, iimvavanyo zegazi ezithile kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-endoscopy ngamanye amaxesha. Ezi mvavanyo zinceda ukwahlula phakathi kosulelo lwebhaktheriya/iparasite kunye nezifo ezihlala ixesha elide ezingaphantsi.
Ulawulo Lwesifo Sokugabha NoLawulo Oluchanekileyo
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuqala kukubuyisela ulwelo kunye nee-electrolyte ezilahlekileyo emzimbeni. Kwiimeko ezilula, amanzi, isuphu, amanzi erayisi, iti ekhanyayo okanye izisombululo zokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo zanele. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ngakumbi xa kukho ukugabha okukhulu okanye ilahleko enkulu yolwelo, unyango lwamanzi nge-intravenous lungafuneka.
Isicwangciso sonyango siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sesifo sokugabha kunye nobudala bomntu:
Kubantwana abancinci nakubantwana, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuyacetyiswa ukuqhubeka nokuncancisa.
Kubantwana abaqalayo ukutya, i-rayisi ephekiweyo, iitapile eziphekiweyo, iyogathi, isosi ye-apile, ibhanana kunye nokutya okune-fiber ephantsi kufuneka kukhethwe.
Ii-antibiotic zisetyenziswa kuphela xa ugqirha eqinisekisile ukuba kukho usulelo lwebhaktheriya.
Iiprobiotic zinokunceda ukuxhasa i-flora yamathumbu kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Izinto Ezingafanele Zingahoywa Ngaphambi Kokuba Isifo Sokugabha Siphele
Ukuba abantwana okanye abantu abadala babonisa umqondiso wokuphelelwa lulwelo okugqithisileyo, ukugabha okuphindaphindiweyo, igabha enegazi, ubushushu obuphezulu, ukuncipha komchamo, ukungena ngaphakathi kwamehlo, kufuneka baye kwisibhedlele. Uninzi lwezifo zokugabha luyadlula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ukuba iimpawu zihlala ixesha elide okanye ziba mandundu, kufuneka uqwalaselo lwezonyango.
Amanyathelo Okuthintela Isifo Sokugabha
Ukulandela imigaqo yokucoca, ukuhlamba ukutya kakuhle, ukuphepha ukutya okungaphekwanga okanye okungaphekwanga kakuhle, ukukhetha amanzi okusela athembekileyo kunye nokuhlamba izandla rhoqo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni isifo sokugabha. Kubantwana abancinci, ubaluleka lobisi lukanina mkhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkqubo zokugonywa ezijolise kwiintsholongwane ezifana ne-rotavirus kwihlabathi liphela zibonakalise ukunciphisa izigulo zesifo sokugabha ezinzima.
Ukutya Okunokunceda Ekhaya Kwisifo Sokugabha
Irayisi, iitapile eziphekiweyo, ibhanana, isosi yeetapile kunye nesosi ye-apile njengokutya okulula ukugaya kunye nokubopha igabha
I-yogathi kunye ne-kefir equlethe iiprobiotic
Isonka esimhlophe esinamafutha ambalwa kunye netosti
Imithombo yeprotheyini enefat encinci njengenkukhu ephekiweyo
Ulwelo oluninzi (amanzi, ayran, iti ekhanyayo, iziselo zokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo)
Ukutya okune-fiber ephantsi kunye namafutha ambalwa
Qaphela: Ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi zinokunyusa isifo sokugabha kwabanye abantu; kufanelekile ukuphepha ikhofi, utywala kunye nokutya okune-fiber eninzi.
Yintoni Enokwenziwa Ukuze Kufumaneke Ukuphumla Ngokukhawuleza Kwisifo Sokugabha?
Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukufumana isisombululo esikhawulezayo sokumisa isifo sokugabha ngokupheleleyo kuba ngamanye amaxesha yindlela yomzimba yokukhupha usulelo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba isigulana siphumle, sisebenzise ulwelo oluninzi, siqhubeke nokutya okukhaphukhaphu kwaye xa iimpawu zihlala ixesha elide okanye ziba mandundu, kufunyanwe ingcebiso kugqirha. Amayeza okumisa isifo sokugabha akasoloko efanelekile; ngakumbi kwizifo zokugabha ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okungafunekiyo kunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu.
Izinto Ezingafanele Zingahoywa Kwizifo Zokugabha Ezixhaphakileyo Nakwiimeko Ezikhethekileyo
Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezininzi, ngexesha lasehlotyeni, kwiindawo zokuphumla nakwiindawo apho kunzima ukufumana imigaqo yokucoca, izifo zokugabha zinokuxhaphaka ngakumbi. Kwimeko yesifo sokugabha esixhaphakileyo, imigaqo yokucoca kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi kwaye ukutya okungaqhelekanga kufuneka kuphephe. Isifo sokugabha esihlala ixesha elide, izifo ze-autoimmune okanye iingxaki ze-metabolism nazo zinokubangela isifo sokugabha; kwezi meko, uqwalaselo lwezonyango oluneenkcukacha kufuneka lwenziwe kwaye unyango luqhutywe ngokwesicwangciso.
Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo (I.F.R)
Yintoni ekufuneka singayityi xa sinesifo sokugabha?
Kufuneka kuphephe ukutya okungaphekwanga, okuneoli eninzi okanye okunespice, ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi (kwabanye abantu), iziselo ezinekhofeini, utywala kunye neziselo ezinegesi xa unesifo sokugabha.
Ngaba ibhanana iluncedo kwisifo sokugabha?
Ewe, ibhanana kulula ukuyigaya, inotyebile ngepotassium kwaye ingomnye wokutya okucetyiswayo ngexesha lesifo sokugabha.
Isifo sokugabha sithatha ixesha elingakanani?
Uninzi lwezifo zokugabha ezixhaphakileyo luyadlula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa ukuba isifo sokugabha sithatha ixesha elingaphezulu kweveki enye okanye kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinzima, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha.
Umntwana wam unesifo sokugabha, xa kufuneka ndiye kugqirha ngokukhawuleza?
Ukugabha okungapheliyo, igabha enegazi, ubushushu obuphezulu, ubuthathaka obukhulu, ukuncipha komchamo okanye ukulila ngaphandle kweenyembezi kufuneka uye kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba ii-antibiotic zinokubangela isifo sokugabha?
Ewe, ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotic kunokuphazamisa i-flora yamathumbu kwaye kubangele isifo sokugabha. Ukuba kufuneka uqhubeke nokusebenzisa ii-antibiotic, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
Ngaba iiprobiotic ziluncedo kwisifo sokugabha?
Izifundo zesayensi zibonisa ukuba ezinye iintlobo zeprobiotics zinokunceda ukunciphisa ixesha nobunzima besifo sohudo olukhawulezileyo. Ungazisebenzisa ngokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
Kutheni kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni ekhaya xa umntu omdala enohudo?
Kufuneka kuselwe amanzi amaninzi, kutyiwe ukutya okuthambileyo nokulula ukugaya, kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi kunye nokutya okunefayibha eninzi, kwaye xa kuyimfuneko kusetyenziswe isisombululo sokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo.
Kutheni kuvela igazi kuhudo?
Uhudo olunegazi luhlala lubangelwa sisifo, isifo samathumbu esibangela ukuvuvukala okanye ezinye iintsholongwane; kufuna uvavanyo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo.
Ulwelo kufuneka lunikwe kangaphi xa kukho uhudo?
Kufuneka kunikwe ulwelo rhoqo kwaye kancinci kancinci, kusoloko kujongwa umbala kunye nobuninzi bomchamo. Kubantwana abancinci nasebantwaneni, kubalulekile ukuncancisa rhoqo okanye ukunikeza inkxaso yolwelo efanelekileyo kwiminyaka yabo.
Ngaba iCovid-19 ibangela uhudo?
Usulelo lweCovid-19 lunokubangela uhudo kunye nezinye iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya kwabanye abantu.
Kutheni uhudo luhlala lufumaneka kakhulu ehlotyeni?
Ukutya konakala ngokukhawuleza xa kushushu, imeko yokucoca inzima, kwaye umngcipheko wokosuleleka kwiindawo ezixineneyo uyanda; ngenxa yoko, uhudo luhlala lufumaneka kakhulu ehlotyeni.
Ngaba amayeza okumisa uhudo akhuselekile?
Ingakumbi kwiimeko zohudo olubangelwa sisifo, la mayeza ahlala engacetyiswa; isigqibo sokuwasebenzisa kufuneka sishiywe kugqirha.
Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni xa uhudo luhlala luhleli?
Kuhudo oluhlala ixesha elide (oluba sisifo esingapheliyo), kufuneka kuphandwe izizathu ezingaphantsi kwaye kufunyanwe iingcali.
Uhudo luphathwa njani ebantwaneni?
Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo kukuthintela ilahleko yolwelo. Kufuneka kuqhubekekwe nokuncancisa, kujongwe iimpawu zokulahlekelwa lulwelo, kwaye xa kuyimfuneko kunikwe isisombululo sokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo esinconywa ngugqirha wakho. Xa kukho uhudo olunegazi, ukungakwazi ukutya okanye ukugabha, funa uncedo kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Imithombo
World Health Organization (WHO), “Diarrhoeal disease: Key facts,” 2023.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Diarrhea: Common Illness, Global Killer," 2022.
European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), "Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children," 2014.
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), "Acute Gastroenteritis," 2022.
Mayo Clinic, “Diarrhea - Symptoms and causes,” 2024.