Ulwazi Lwabo Bonke, Naphi Na

Ukududuzela kweliso, yimeko edla ngokubakho rhoqo kuluntu kwaye idla ngokuthathwa njengengabikho ngozi, nangona kunjalo, eneneni yimeko yezonyango evela ngenxa yokududuzela okungacwangciswanga kwemisipha eseluphahleni lweliso. Ebomini bemihla ngemihla, oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukudinwa okanye ukungalali kakuhle, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwezinye izifo zamehlo ezifihliweyo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukubonana nengcali yezifo zamehlo xa ukududuzela kweliso kuhlala ixesha elide okanye kuphindaphinda rhoqo.

Yintoni Ukududuzela Kweliso?

Kwinyango, ukududuzela kweliso okwaziwa ngokuba yi-"myokimi", kudla ngokubonakala ngokuhamba okungacwangciswanga, okufutshane, nokukhawulezayo kwemisipha eseluphahleni lweliso (i-spazm). Ezi misipha zidla ngokududuzela eluphahleni lweliso elingasentla; kwabanye abantu, oku kwenzeka eluphahleni lweliso elingezantsi okanye kuzo zombini. Ukududuzela kungaba kukhaphukhaphu kwaye kungabonakali, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kungabikho konke usuku. Ngamathuba ambalwa, ukududuzela kungaba ngamandla kwaye kuqhubeke ixesha elide, de kube kuvala omabini amehlo. Le meko inzima ibizwa ngokuba yi-"blefarospazm" kwaye ifuna uvavanyo lwezonyango.

Uninzi lokududuzela kweliso lukhokelela kuphela kwiingxaki ezincinci nezengingqi. Kodwa nangona kunqabile, ukuba kukho ukududuzela kwezinye iindawo zobuso kunye nokungakwazi kulawula ukuhamba kwemisipha, oku kunokuba luphawu lwesifo se-neurology. Kule meko, kufuneka uye kwindawo yezempilo ngokukhawuleza.

Izizathu Ezinokwenzeka Zokududuzela Kweliso

Ukududuzela kweliso kudla ngokuba yimeko engenabungozi kwaye ethatha ixesha elifutshane. Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo ungasoloko ungaziwa, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukududuzela kwemisipha yeliso:

• Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo

• Ukungalali okanye imikhwa yokulala engalunganga

• Uxinzelelo nengcinezelo

• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo, i-allergy okanye ukoma kwamehlo

• Izifo zamehlo

• Ukuchanabeka elangeni elikhulu, umoya, ungcoliseko lomoya okanye ukukhanya okugqithisileyo

• Ukuhlikihla amehlo rhoqo okanye ukwenzakala ngokwasemzimbeni

• Ukusebenzisa kakhulu ikhofi, utywala okanye imveliso zikatyeva

• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile

Nangona kunqabile, ezinye izifo ze-neurology okanye umhlaza wengqondo zinokubangela ukududuzela kweliso okungapheliyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba iingxaki zihlala ixesha elide, kufuneka ubonane nengcali.

Izizathu Zokududuzela Kweliso Ekhohlo okanye Ekunene

Izizathu zokududuzela kweliso ekhohlo okanye ekunene ziyafana. Ukudinwa, ukwanda koxinzelelo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwekhofi okanye utywala, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte kunye namanye amayeza angabangela le meko. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukududuzela kweliso kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki yezempilo; kule meko, uvavanyo lwamehlo kunye novavanyo olufanelekileyo lubalulekile.

Ziziphi Iimpawu Zokududuzela Kweliso?

Uphawu oluphambili kukududuzela okukhawulezayo, okungacwangciswanga, nokuphindaphindayo kwemisipha eluphahleni lweliso (elingasentla okanye elingezantsi). Kudla ngokungabuhlungu, kodwa kwabanye abantu kunokubangela ukungonwabi okuncinci. Ukududuzela kungathatha imizuzwana embalwa okanye kuqhubeke ngamaxesha athile kangangeentsuku. Kwimeko ezinzima, kungabangela ukuvaleka ngokupheleleyo kweliso.

Kufuneka Kufunyanwe Uncedo Lwezonyango Kwiimeko Ziphi?

Uninzi lokududuzela kweliso luyaphela ngokwalo kwixesha elifutshane kwaye aludingi nyango. Kodwa ukuba unale miqondiso ingezantsi, ungathandabuzi ukubonana nogqirha wamehlo:

• Ukuba kukho ukuwa okukhulu kweliso

• Ukuba kukho ukwanda kokuphuma kweentsholongwane okanye ukubomvu okungapheliyo kwamehlo

• Ukuba kukho ukududuzela kwezinye iindawo zobuso

• Ukuba iliso livaleka ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokududuzela kwaye kunzima ukulivula emva koko

• Ukuba kukho ukuvuvukala, ukopha okanye imiqondiso ecacileyo yokuvuvukala kweliso

• Ukuba ukududuzela kuqhubeka ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu

Ukongeza, ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhawulezayo kumbono, intlungu okanye ukuhamba okungacwangciswanga kwezinye iimisipha, uvavanyo lwe-neurology lunokufuneka.

Ukufunyanwa Nokuhlolwa Kokududuzela Kweliso

Ukufunyanwa kokududuzela kweliso kudla ngokwenziwa ngokuxoxa imbali yezonyango yomntu kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba iingxaki zihlala ixesha elide, kuvavanywa ngakumbi izifo zamehlo okanye izifo ze-neurology (umzekelo, i-MR, uvavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lwe-neurology). Oku kubalulekile ukukhupha izizathu ezinzima.

Ukuwunciphisa Nokuthintela Ukududuzela Kweliso

Uninzi lokududuzela kweliso luyaphela ngokuthatha amanyathelo alula. Nazi iingcebiso eziluncedo:

• Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana ubuthongo obaneleyo nobusemgangathweni.

• Phumla amehlo akho rhoqo kwaye xa ujonge kwiscreen ixesha elide, thatha ikhefu.

• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziselo eziphezulu ngekafein ezifana nekofu, iti kunye neziselo zamandla.

• Musa ukuhlikihla okanye ucinezele amehlo akho ngaphandle kwesizathu esibalulekileyo.

• Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngokoma kwamehlo, i-allergy okanye usulelo, bonana nogqirha ukuze ufumane amayeza afanelekileyo okanye iimpompo.

• Xa uphuma elangeni, sebenzisa iiglasi zelanga ezine-UV filter.

• Qinisekisa ukuba umoya wendawo uhlambulukile kwaye unomswakama; umoya omtsha kunye nokuhlamba umoya kuluncedo kwimpilo yamehlo.

• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungathandabuzi ukufumana inkxaso yengqondo ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo.

Ukuba unezifo zamehlo ezikhoyo okanye unengxaki engapheliyo, qhubeka usebenzisa amayeza akho ngokwemiyalelo yogqirha wakho.

Iindlela Zonyango

Uninzi lokududuzela kweliso luyaphela ngaphandle kwonyango. Ukuba iingxaki zihlala okanye ziphindaphinda rhoqo, kubalulekile ukunyanga unobangela emva kovavanyo lwezonyango. Ukuba kukho i-allergy okanye ukoma kweliso, amayeza afanelekileyo okanye i-artificial tears anganconywa. Ukuba unobangela uxinzelelo okanye ukudinwa kwemisipha, kuphakamiselwa ukuphumla. Kwimeko ezinzima nezinqabileyo, amayeza athomalalisa imisipha okanye unyango oluphambili lunokunikwa phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-blefarospazm, i-injection ye-botulinum toxin ingafuneka kwaye kufuneka yenziwe phantsi kolawulo logqirha.

Khumbula, ukuba kukho ukududuzela kweliso okungapheliyo, okukhulu okanye okuphindaphindayo ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ukufumana uncedo lwengcali kwangoko kunokuthintela iingxaki ezinzima zamehlo kwixesha elizayo. Ungalibali ukunyamekela impilo yamehlo akho.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

1. Kutheni kududuzela iliso?

Ukudinwa, ukungalali, uxinzelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwekafein okanye ukuvuvukala kweliso zezona zizathu ziphambili zokududuzela kweliso. Ngamanye amaxesha, izifo zamehlo okanye ze-neurology zinokuba nefuthe.

2. Ngaba ukududuzela kweliso kuyingozi?

Uninzi lokududuzela kweliso alunabungozi kwaye luyaphela kwixesha elifutshane. Kodwa ukuba luhlala ixesha elide okanye luhamba nezinye iimpawu ezinzima, kufuneka uye kugqirha.

3. Ngaba ukududuzela kweliso ekhohlo luphawu olubi?

Akukho mahluko uphambili kwimpilo phakathi kokududuzela kweliso ekhohlo okanye ekunene. Zombini zihlala zibangelwa zizizathu ezifanayo.

4. Kwiimeko ziphi kufuneka uye kugqirha xa kududuzela iliso?

Ukuba ukududuzela kuqhubeka ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu, kuvala iliso ngokupheleleyo, kuhamba nentlungu, ukuvuvukala okanye ukulahleka kombono, okanye ukuba kukho ukuhamba okungacwangciswanga kwezinye iimisipha zobuso, kufuneka uye kugqirha.

5. Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa ukududuzela kweliso?

Ubuthongo obaneleyo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwekafein, ukuthatha ikhefu rhoqo xa usebenza kwiscreen kunye nokunyamekela ucoceko lwamehlo kuyanceda.

6. Ngaba ukududuzela kweliso kuyosulela?

Hayi, ukududuzela kweliso akusosuleli.

7. Ngaba ukududuzela kweliso kungahlala ixesha elide?

Uninzi lokududuzela kweliso luyaphela. Ukuba akukho sifo sinzima sifihliweyo, akulindelekanga ukuba kuhlale ixesha elide.

8. Ziziphi iimpompo ezisetyenziswa xa kududuzela iliso?

Ngokwengcebiso yogqirha, iimpompo ezifanelekileyo zokulwa i-allergy, ukoma okanye usulelo zingasetyenziswa.

9. Ngaba ukuhlikihla iliso kungandisa ukududuzela?

Ewe, ukucofa okanye ukuhlikihla iliso rhoqo kunokubangela ukuvuvukala kwaye kukhokelele ekududuzeleni.

10. Ngaba kufuneka kusetyenziswe unyango lwemifuno okanye olunye unyango xa kududuzela iliso?

Akucetyiswa ukusebenzisa unyango olungaqinisekiswanga ngabasebenzi bezempilo. Ukuhlolwa ngugqirha kubalulekile xa kukho iingxaki zamehlo.

11. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe xa kududuzela iliso kuhamba nentloko ebuhlungu?

Ukuba iingxaki zihlala kunye kwaye zihlala ixesha elide, uvavanyo lwe-neurology lunokufuneka, kwaye kufuneka uye kugqirha.

12. Ngaba ukududuzela kweliso kubantwana kuyingozi?

Nakubantwana, ukududuzela kweliso kudla ngokuphela. Kodwa ukuba kuphindaphinda rhoqo okanye kukho ezinye iingxaki, kufuneka uye kugqirha wabantwana okanye ogqirha wamehlo.

Imithombo

• Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (World Health Organization – WHO)

• I-Akademi yaseMelika yeMehlo (American Academy of Ophthalmology – AAO)

• I-Mayo Clinic: Ukuqhwanyaza kweliso

• Iziko leSizwe leMehlo – Imithombo yoLwazi ngeMpilo yamehlo

• I-Cleveland Clinic: Ukuqhwanyaza kweliso (Myokymia kunye neBlepharospasm)

Ukusebenzisa ugwayi yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela impilo yomntu ngendlela ezininzi ezimbi. Ingakumbi, amathuba okuphuhlisa izifo ezinzulu ezizinzileyo ezifana nomhlaza, isifo sentliziyo kunye nezifo zemithambo yegazi aphakamile kakhulu kubantu abatshaya ugwayi. Ukongeza, kubantu abasebenzisa ugwayi iminyaka emininzi, umngcipheko wokuncipha kobude bobomi nawo unokunyuka. Ngenxa yezizathu zonke, ukudelela ugwayi linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimpilo. Nangona kunjalo, uxhomekeko kwi-nicotine kunye neempawu zokunqongophala ezivelayo zinokwenza inkqubo yokuyeka ukutshaya ibe nzima. Ukucaphuka, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomnqweno omkhulu we-nicotine zezinye zeempawu ezidla ngokubakho ngeli xesha. Nangona inkqubo yokuyeka inzima, ukushiya ugwayi kuzisa izibonelelo ezininzi kwimpilo yomzimba nengqondo. Xa uyekile ukutshaya, ungafumana utshintsho oluhle olwenzeka emzimbeni wakho njengoko kuchazwe apha ngezantsi.

Iinguqu ezilungileyo ezenzeka emzimbeni xa uyeka ukutshaya

Umzimba uqala inkqubo yokuphila kwangoko emva kokuyeka ugwayi. Ubunzima beempawu zokunqongophala buhlala buncipha kwiiveki zokuqala. Iinguqu eziphambili ezibonwayo xa uyekile ukutshaya zezi:

Ukuncipha koxhomekeko kunye nokuzivumelanisa kwengqondo

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuyeka ugwayi, ukuqhelana kweereceptor eziphendula kwi-nicotine engqondweni kuqala ukubuyela kwesiqhelo. Ngale ndlela, uxhomekeko kwi-nicotine luphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukuqiniswa kwenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi

Phakathi kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-12 emva kokuyeka ugwayi, kuphucuka ngokubonakalayo ukujikeleza kwegazi. Kule mihla, umngcipheko wokufumana izifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi uyancipha. Kwangaxeshanye, amandla okuzilolonga ayanda kwaye umzimba unokuziva unamandla ngakumbi. Iimpumlo ziqala ukucoca izinto eziyingozi ezishiywe ngugwayi.

Ukuphucuka kweemvakalelo zokunambitha kunye nevumba

Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kunganciphisa ubuntununtunu bokunambitha kunye nevumba. Kodwa kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuyeka, umonakalo kwiintambo zokunambitha kunye nevumba uqala ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngale ndlela, ezi mvakalelo ziba ngcono ngokubonakalayo kwixesha elifutshane.

Ukuziva unamandla ngakumbi kwaye uphilile

Emva kokuyeka, ukuphucuka komthamo wokuphefumla kubangela ukunyuka komgangatho weoksijini egazini. Oku kunceda abantu bazive benamandla kwaye bephilile ngakumbi.

Ukuqiniswa kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba

Ukuqhubeka nokutshaya kunokulimaza inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ukuyeka ugwayi, ngokunyuka kweoksijini kunye nokuncipha kokudumba, kunceda ukuqinisa inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba kwaye kuncede ekulweni nezifo.

Ukuphucuka kwempilo yomlomo namazinyo

Emva kokuyeka ugwayi, ucoceko lwangaphakathi emlonyeni luphucuka ngokukhawuleza; ukutyeba kwamazinyo kunye nevumba elibi emlonyeni kuncipha. Ukongeza, umngcipheko wokufumana izifo emlonyeni uyancipha.

Iinguqu ezilungileyo kubomi besondo

Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wesondo kubasetyhini nakubasetyhini. Ingakumbi, kunokunyusa iingxaki zokufumana i-erection kubasetyhini kunye nokuncipha komnqweno wesondo kubasetyhini. Ukuyeka ugwayi kuxhasa ukubuyiselwa kwempilo yesondo.

Ukuncipha komngcipheko wokuphuhlisa umhlaza

Enye yezona zinto zibi zika-ugwayi kukuba yingozi kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Emva kokuyeka ugwayi, ingakumbi umhlaza wemiphunga, umphunga wokutya, isibindi, umphunga wesibeleko, ibhuleki, umlomo kunye nomqala kunye nomhlaza wesibindi, amathuba okuphuhlisa ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ancipha ngokubonakalayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iimpawu zokunqongophala onokudibana nazo emva kokuyeka ugwayi

Ukuyeka ugwayi kunokuba nzima ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba kubantu abaninzi. Ingakumbi kwiiveki zokuqala, iimpawu zokunqongophala zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokubuyela ekutshayeni. Ngeli xesha umntu unokuziva enezikhalazo ezifana ne-flu. Isizathu sezi mpawu kukuba umzimba uzama ukucoca i-nicotine kwaye iinkqubo ezazisetyenziselwa i-nicotine ziphendula kulo tshintsho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ukuba iimpawu zokunqongophala zexeshana kuphela. Iimpawu zokunqongophala ezidla ngokubakho zezi:

• Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokugabha: Xa i-nicotine iqala ukuphuma emzimbeni, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokugabha zinokubakho.

• Ukungcangcazela ezandleni nasezinyaweni: Ukuqala kokuphucuka kokujikeleza kwegazi kunokubangela ukungcangcazela okwexeshana ezandleni nasezinyaweni.

• Ukukhohlela kunye nentlungu yomqala: Njengoko iimpumlo zizama ukucoca iintsalela ezishiywe ngugwayi kunye neetoksini, ukhohlela kunye nentlungu yomqala zinokubakho.

• Ukunyuka komnqweno wokutya kunye nokunyuka kobunzima: Iindlela zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokuxhomekeka kwi-nicotine zinokunyusa umnqweno wokutya kwaye kwabanye abantu zikhokelele ekunyukeni kobunzima.

• Umnqweno omkhulu we-nicotine: Kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kokuyeka ugwayi, umnqweno we-nicotine unokuphakama.

• Ukucaphuka kunye notshintsho lwemeko yengqondo: Emva kokuyeka ugwayi, ukungonwabi, umsindo, uxinzelelo okanye utshintsho lwemvakalelo kunokubakho.

• Ukuqina kwesisu: I-nicotine ichaphazela inkqubo yokugaya, xa uyekile, ukuhamba kwamathumbu kunokucotha okwexeshana kwaye kuvelise ukuqina kwesisu.

• Uxinzelelo, ukudakumba kunye neengxaki zokulala: Ngexesha lokunqongophala kwe-nicotine, uxinzelelo, imvakalelo yokudakumba kunye nokungalali kunokubakho. Ingakumbi ukuba imiqondiso yokudakumba ivele, kucetyiswa ukufumana uncedo kugqirha. Ukuze kube lula inkqubo, oogqirha banokucetyisa inkxaso yengqondo, iSt. John's wort, i-omega-3 fatty acids, i-acupuncture, i-meditation okanye i-massage.

• Ubunzima bokugxila kunye nomlomo owomileyo: Ukungakwazi ukugxila kunye nomlomo owomileyo nakho kungabakho njengemiqondiso yokunqongophala okwexeshana.

Nini zenzeka iinguqu emzimbeni xa uyeka ugwayi?

Ngokuthatha isigqibo sokuyeka, iinguqu ezilungileyo emzimbeni ziqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziyaqhubeka ngokwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha:

• Emva kwemizuzu engama-20: Isantya sentliziyo siyancipha kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi luqala ukwehla.

• Emva kweeyure ezili-12: Inqanaba le-carbon monoxide egazini libuya kwesiqhelo.

• Emva kweeyure ezingama-48: Iimvakalelo zokunambitha kunye nevumba ziba ngcono ngokubonakalayo.

• Phakathi kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3: Ukujikeleza kwegazi kunye nemisebenzi yokuphefumla kuphucuka ngokubonakalayo.

• Phakathi konyaka omnye ukuya kwe-9: Ukuncipha kokunqongophala komoya kunye nokukhohlela kuyabonakala.

• Emva konyaka omnye: Umngcipheko wokufumana izifo zentliziyo unciphile kakhulu.

• Emva kweminyaka emi-5: Umngcipheko wokufumana isifo se-stroke ulingana nomntu ongatshayiyo.

• Emva kweminyaka eli-10: Umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga usondela kowomntu ongatshayanga.

• Emva kweminyaka eli-15: Umngcipheko wokufumana izifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi uphantse ulingane nowomntu ongazange atshaye.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukufumana inkxaso ngexesha lokuyeka ugwayi?

Ukuthatha isigqibo sokuyeka ugwayi yenye yezona nyathelo zibalulekileyo kwimpilo yakho. Kodwa ukulwa oku wedwa kunokuba nzima kuye nabani na. Abanye abantu banokubandezeleka ekulweni neempawu zokunqongophala kwaye ngenxa yoko baphinde baqalise ukutshaya. Ukufumana uncedo kugqirha okanye kwiqela lenkxaso kulabo bazimiseleyo ukuyeka ugwayi kunceda inkqubo ihambe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo. Ugqirha wakho angakunika iindlela zonyango ezifanelekileyo okanye ezinye iindlela zenkxaso ukuze inkqubo yokuyeka iphumelele.

Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo

1. Ukuyeka ugwayi kuchaphazela njani umzimba wam?

Ukuyeka ugwayi kuchaphazela phantse zonke iinkqubo zomzimba ngendlela elungileyo. Impilo yentliziyo nemithambo yegazi iphucuka, umngcipheko womhlaza uyancipha, inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba iyaqina kwaye umgangatho wobomi uphucuka.

2. Iimpawu zokunqongophala zihlala ixesha elingakanani emva kokuyeka ugwayi?

Iimpawu zokunqongophala ziba nzima kakhulu kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbini, zihlala zincipha kwiiveki ezimbalwa kwaye ziphele ngokupheleleyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

3. Ukunyuka komnqweno wokutya kunye nokunyuka kobunzima kuyanyanzeleka?

Kubantu abaninzi, emva kokuyeka ugwayi, umnqweno wokutya unokunyuka kwaye kungabakho ukunyuka kobunzima okuncinci. Kodwa ngokutya okulinganiselweyo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo, ezi ngozi zinokulawulwa.

4. Emva kokuyeka ugwayi, kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo unciphile?

Ukusukela kunyaka wokuqala emva kokuyeka ugwayi, umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo uqala ukuncipha kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha unokulingana nowomntu ongazange atshaye.

5. Emva kokuyeka ugwayi, kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iimpumlo ziphinde ziphile?

Iimpumlo ziqala inkqubo yokucoca i-mucus kunye neeseli ezonakalisiweyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuyeka ugwayi. Phakathi konyaka omnye ukuya kwe-9, ukuphucuka okubonakalayo kwimisebenzi yokuphefumla kunokubonwa.

6. Zeziphi iindlela ezisebenzayo zokunceda umnqweno wokuyeka ugwayi?

Inkxaso yobungcali, unyango lokutshintsha i-nikotine, amayeza kunye noncedo lweengcali zengqondo kunyusa amathuba empumelelo kwinkqubo yokuyeka ukutshaya.

7. Ngaba ixesha lokungabikho komzimba linokubangela iingxaki zengqondo?

Kubanye abantu, kunokubonakala uxinzelelo, ukungaphumli, okanye iimpawu zokudakumba. Kule meko, ukufumana inkxaso kwingcali kuyanceda.

8. Ngaba emva kokuyeka ukutshaya, iimvakalelo zam zokunambitha kunye nevumba ziya kubuya?

Kubantu abaninzi, emva kokuyeka, kuphucuka ngokukhawuleza kwimvakalelo yokunambitha kunye nevumba.

9. Ziziphi iinguqu ezenzeka kulusu emva kokuyeka ukutshaya?

Xa uyekile ukutshaya, ukujikeleza kwegazi kulusu kuyanda, umbala wolusu kunye nokuguquguquka kungabuyela kwimeko entle.

10. Ngaba kubalulekile ukuyeka ukutshaya kwabo baceba ukukhulelwa?

Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukutshaya kuchaphazela imveliso, Inkqubo yokukhulelwa kunye nempilo yomntwana ngendlela embi. Ukuyeka kubalulekile kakhulu kuphuhliso lomntwana kunye nempilo kamama.

11. Ngaba kufuneka ndiyeke ndedwa?

Hayi. Uninzi lwezibhedlele, iinkonzo zoncedo kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso zinokukunceda ukwenza inkqubo yokuyeka ukutshaya ibe lula.

12. Ngaba unyango olwahlukileyo lusebenza xa uyeka ukutshaya?

Kubanye abantu, ukuzola, i-acupuncture, umyinge kunye nonyango oluxhasayo lunokuba luncedo. Kodwa ezi ndlela azinakuthatha indawo yoncedo lwezonyango; ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, kucetyiswa ukubonana nogqirha.

13. Zeziphi iimpawu ezifunekayo ukubonana nogqirha ngexesha lokungabikho komzimba?

Ukudakumba okukhulu, iingxaki zokulala ezihlala ixesha elide, intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinzima zempilo, kufuneka ubonane nengcali.

14. Ngaba kukho umngcipheko wokuphinda uqale ukutshaya emva kokuyeka?

Ewe, ngakumbi kwiinyanga zokuqala, kunokubakho umkhwa wokuphinda uqale. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukufumana inkxaso kunye nokuphepha iimeko ezibangela umnqweno wokutshaya.

15. Sele nditshaya iminyaka emininzi, ngaba kusekho inzuzo xa ndiyeka?

Ukuyeka nangaliphi na ixesha kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa, kuzisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kwimpilo. Awukho mva kakhulu; ngesisigqibo sokuyeka, unganciphisa imingcipheko yakho.

Imithombo

Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO) – Iphepha leNyaniso leTobacco

Umbutho weAmerican Lung Association – Iingenelo zokuyeka ukutshaya

Iziko laseMelika loLawulo lweZifo (CDC) – Ukutshaya & Ukusetyenziswa kweTobacco: Yeka Ukutshaya

Umbutho waseYurophu weCardiology (ESC) – IziKhokelo zeTobacco kunye neZifo zeNtliziyo

Umbutho weAmerican Cancer Society – Isikhokelo sokuYeka ukutshaya

Ulwazi Jikelele Malunga neNtlungu Yeengalo

Intlungu yeengalo, sisikhalazo esinokuthi sivele nakweyiphi na indawo ukusuka egxalabeni ukuya emantshontsho eminwe, kwaye idla ngokuba yinto engonwabisiyo enokwenza kube nzima kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Uhlobo lwentlungu lunokuziva lishushu, lubukhali, luxinzelela okanye lube ngathi luyalalisa. Kwezinye iimeko, intlungu inokuvela kwindawo enye kuphela, ngamanye amaxesha inokusasazeka kuyo yonke ingalo. Zombini ingalo yasekunene kunye neyesobunxele zinokuchaphazeleka, nangona kungaqhelekanga ukuba zombini zibe nefuthe ngaxeshanye. Intlungu inokuvela ngexesha lokuhamba okanye ngexesha lokuphumla, kwaye olu tshintsho lunokunceda ekuchongeni unobangela ongaphantsi.

Izizathu Eziqhelekileyo zeNtlungu Yeengalo

Intlungu yeengalo inokuba nezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuvaleka kwemithambo-luvo, iingxaki zegxalaba, ukwenzakala kwemisipha-ne-tendon, iingxaki zamalungu, kwanokugula okuthile kwinkqubo yomzimba kunokubangela le meko.

Uxinzelelo lweDiski yeNtamo (Servikal Disk Hernisi): Xa iidiski phakathi kweemfupa zentamo zicinezela umqolo-mgogodla okanye iimpande zemithambo-luvo, intlungu inokusasazeka ukusuka phezulu kwengalo iye emantshontsho eminwe. Ngamanye amaxesha le ntlungu inokuza nokungonwabi phakathi kwentamo kunye nethambo lehlombe, ubuthathaka kwimisipha yengalo okanye ukungcangcazela.

Iingxaki zeGxalaba: Kwiimeko ezifana negxalaba elibandayo, impingement syndrome, okanye i-bursitis, apho kukho ukudumba okanye iingxaki zemishini egxalabeni, intlungu idla ngokusasazeka egxalabeni nasekuphezulu kwengalo, kwaye inokuba mandundu xa kushukunyiswa igxalaba. Kwezi meko, ukuncipha kokuhamba kweengalo kuqhelekile.

Lateral Epikondilit (Isifo Somdlali Wetenisi): Le meko ibonakaliswa yintlungu kwicala langaphandle lehlombe, kwaye idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokuphindaphinda kweentshukumo zesandla nengalo. Intlungu idla ngokungadluli kwinqanaba lehlombe.

Ukuvaleka kweMithambo-luvo: Kwiimeko ezifana ne-ulnar groove syndrome kunye ne-carpal tunnel syndrome, ukuvaleka kwemithambo-luvo kubangela intlungu yeengalo, edla ngokuhamba nokungcangcazela okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle emnweni. Kwi-carpal tunnel syndrome, ikakhulu umnwe omkhulu nomnwe ophakathi bachaphazeleka, kanti kwi-ulnar groove syndrome ukungcangcazela kuqala kwihlombe kuye kufike kumnwe wesine nowesihlanu.

Iintlungu Yeengalo Ezihambelana Nentliziyo

Intlungu yeengalo ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lwezifo zemithambo yentliziyo. Ingakumbi intlungu enzima, eqala ngesiquphe kwaye idla ngokuziva kwicala lesobunxele lengalo, inokuba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo (myocardial infarction). Kwiintlungu ezivela entliziyweni, intlungu iqala esifubeni isasazeke emqaleni, emqolo naseengalweni. Ukuba kukho nezinye iimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa ngumoya, isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, okanye ukubila okubandayo, kufuneka uvavanyo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akusoloko intlungu yeengalo ibangelwa sisifo sentliziyo; unobangela ochanekileyo kufuneka uchongwe ngovavanyo oluneenkcukacha kunye novavanyo.

Intlungu Yeengalo Ihluka Njani?

Ubunzima kunye nendlela intlungu yeengalo ezibonakala ngayo kunokwahluka kakhulu. Intlungu ngamanye amaxesha inokuba shushu okanye ibukhali, ngamanye amaxesha ibukhali okanye ibuhlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha isemva kwendawo enye, ngamanye amaxesha isasazekile. Kufuneka kwahlulwe phakathi kwentlungu enyuka xa kushukunyiswa okanye ebonakala ngexesha lokuphumla. Ixesha lentlungu, ukunxulumana kwayo nomsebenzi kunye neempawu ezihamba nayo (umzekelo, ukungcangcazela okanye ukulahleka kwamandla) zinika iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo kugqirha.

Iindlela Zokuchonga Intlungu Yeengalo

Ukuze kufumaneke unobangela wentlungu yeengalo, kuqala kuthathwa imbali eneenkcukacha: Ixesha lokuqala kwentlungu, uhlobo, ixesha, ubunzima kunye neempawu ezihamba nayo zihlolwa. Ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba, kuvavanywa ngokucokisekileyo ukuba kukho intlungu xa kucinezelwa, uluhlu lwentshukumo yamalungu, kunye nemisebenzi yemithambo-luvo nemisipha. Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• IRontgen: Yeyona ndlela iphambili yokubonisa ukwenzakala okanye ukwaphuka kwamathambo ngenxa yengozi.

• Imaging yeMagnetic Resonance (MRG): Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekuvalekeni kwemithambo-luvo, ukwenzakala kwemisipha-ne-tendon, okanye iingxaki zegxalaba nentamo.

• Electromyography (EMG): Ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kokuhanjiswa kwemithambo-luvo, iyanceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezifana ne-carpal tunnel okanye ulnar groove syndrome.

Kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha onolwazi kule ndawo ukuze kufumaneke unobangela ochanekileyo kunye nonyango olusebenzayo.

Ulawulo Lwentlungu Yeengalo kunye Neendlela Zonyango

Unyango lwentlungu yeengalo luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunobangela ongaphantsi:

• Kwiimeko zokwenzakala (ukwaphuka, ukuphuma kwamalungu, ukwenzakala kwemisipha): Ukuphumla kwendawo echaphazelekayo, ukusetyenziswa kweplasta okanye i-ateli, ngamanye amaxesha unyango lufuna utyando.

• Iintlungu ezibangelwa yidiski yentamo: Kwiimeko ezilula neziphakathi, kusetyenziswa amayeza achasayo nokuqinisa imisipha kunye nokulandela ngokusondeleyo. Ukuba kukho uxinzelelo olukhulu lwemithambo-luvo okanye intlungu enganyangekiyo, utyando lunokujongwa.

• Kwiingxaki zegxalaba namalungu: Ukuqala, kusetyenziswa amayeza achasayo, ukuphumla okwexeshana kunye nonyango lomzimba. Ukuba akukho siphumo kunyango lwamayeza nolomzimba, iinjeksheni ngaphakathi emalungeni okanye utyando lunokujongwa.

• Kwiimeko zokuvaleka kwemithambo-luvo (carpal tunnel, ulnar groove syndrome): Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ateli ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, inkxaso ye-vitamin B12 kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango lomzimba (paraffin bath, TENS, ultrasound njl.) zinokunceda. Ukuba kukho ukulahleka okukhulu kwemithambo-luvo, utyando luyacetyiswa.

• Kwi-lateral epicondylitis: Ukunciphisa umsebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwebhanti yehlombe (brace), kunye namayeza achasayo zezona ndlela zonyango zokuqala. Kwiimeko ezingaphenduli kunyango, iinjeksheni ze-steroid okanye utyando lunokucwangciswa.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba kugqitywe ngokuchanekileyo isifo esibangela intlungu yeengalo kwaye unyango lwenziwe ngokweemfuno zomntu ngamnye. Ukuba unentlungu yeengalo, eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo kukubonisana nogqirha endaweni yokuzinyanga okanye ukuzifaka isifo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

1. Kutheni kubakho intlungu yeengalo?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zentlungu yeengalo. Ukwenzakala kwemisipha namalungu, ukuvaleka kwemithambo-luvo, iingxaki zegxalaba, idiski yentamo kunye nezifo zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangela le meko. Ukuba intlungu iqhubeka, inzima okanye iphinda-phinda, kufuneka ubonane nengcali.

2. Ingaba intlungu yeengalo inokuba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo?

Ingakumbi ukuba intlungu enzima, eqala ngesiquphe kwicala lesobunxele lengalo, isasazeka esifubeni, emqaleni okanye emqolo, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumoya kunye nokubila okubandayo, kufuneka kucingwe ngesifo sentliziyo. Kule meko kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo.

3. Ndimele ndiye kugqirha onjani xa ndinentlungu yeengalo?

Ngenxa yentlungu yeengalo; ungabhekisa kwi-Orthopaedics, Unyango noBuyiselo, iNeurology okanye iingcali zeZifo zeMithambo yentliziyo (Cardiology). Uya kuthunyelwa kwicandelo elifanelekileyo ngokweempawu zakho.

4. Ndingenza ntoni ekhaya xa ndinentlungu yeengalo?

Kwiimeko zokudinwa kwemisipha ezilula, ukuphumla okwexeshana, ukufaka umkhenkce kunye nokusebenzisa amayeza achasayo ngaphandle kwephepha lokuthenga kunokunceda. Kodwa ukuba intlungu inzima, iqhubeka okanye kukho ukungabaza emva kwengozi, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha.

5. Ziziphi iimeko ezixakekileyo kwintlungu yeengalo?

Ukuba intlungu yeengalo ihamba nentlungu esifubeni, ukuphelelwa ngumoya, ukubila okubandayo, isicaphucaphu okanye isiyezi, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Ukulahleka kwamandla ngesiquphe, ukungakwazi ukuhambisa ingalo okanye ukuguquka kwemilo emva kwengozi nako kufuna uvavanyo olungxamisekileyo.

6. Ndimele ndenze ntoni ukuba ndinentlungu yeengalo eqhubekayo?

Ukuba intlungu iqhubeka ixesha elide, iyanda xa usebenza okanye ihamba nokulahleka kwemvakalelo/imisipha, okanye ukungcangcazela, kufuneka ubonane nengcali yezempilo ukuze kufumaneke unobangela ochanekileyo kunye nonyango.

7. Ziziphi iindlela zovavanyo ezisetyenziswayo kwintlungu yeengalo?

Emva kovavanyo, idla ngokucetyiswa i-rontgen, MRG, ngamanye amaxesha i-EMG kunye novavanyo lwegazi. Uvavanyo olufunekayo luxhomekeke kunobangela wesikhalazo sakho.

8. Ngaba abantu abaneentlungu yeengalo banokwenza umthambo?

Kuxhomekeke kunobangela wentlungu, imithambo eyahlukeneyo inokucetyiswa okanye ukuphumla ngexesha lentlungu kunokucetyiswa. Nceda ucele iingcebiso ezizodwa kugqirha wakho.

9. Xa intlungu yeengalo inzima, nini kufuneka utyando?

Utyando lujongwa xa unyango lwamayeza nolomzimba lungasebenzi, okanye kukho ukuvaleka okukhulu kwemithambo-luvo okanye ukwaphuka/ukuphuma kwamalungu. Kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zogqirha kwiplani yonyango.

10. Ngaba intlungu yeengalo isoloko ibonisa ingxaki enzulu?

Nangona idla ngokubangelwa kukudinwa kwemisipha okanye ukwenzakala okuncinci kwamalungu, kwezinye iimeko inokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu. Ingakumbi ukuba kukho iimpawu zomngcipheko ezikhankanywe ngasentla, uvavanyo lwezonyango luyimfuneko.

Imithombo

• World Health Organization (WHO): Musculoskeletal conditions

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS): Iintlungu Engalweni

• American Heart Association (AHA): Iimpawu Zesilumkiso Zokuhlaselwa Yintliziyo

• Mayo Clinic: Iintlungu Engalweni

• U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus): Ukonzakala Nokuphazamiseka Kwengalo