Ibyo Ugomba Kumenya ku Ndwara ya Pnemonia

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Zatire (Pneumonie)?

Pneumonie ni indwara ikunze kwibasira ibihaha, ikaba ikomeye kandi iyo itavuwe ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara cyane ni umuriro mwinshi utunguranye, guhinda umuriro no kumva ubukonje, inkorora, no gusohora igikoma cyinshi gifite ibara (umuhondo, icyatsi cyangwa ikirabure). Hari kandi ubwoko bumwe bwa pneumonie butangira umuntu abura appetit, akumva ananiwe, aribwa imitsi n’ingingo, bikazakurikirwa n’inkorora idafite igikoma, kuzamuka k’umuriro, kuribwa mu nda, umutwe no kuruka rimwe na rimwe. By’umwihariko, kwihuta mu guhumeka, kumva urusaku mu gituza, ibyuya no kumva unaniwe cyane nabyo birashobora kugaragara.

Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwitiranywa n’indwara z’ubuhumekero nka gripa. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ntibigabanuka mu minsi mike, cyane cyane ku bari mu byago byinshi, ni ngombwa kugana muganga kugira ngo hatangwa ubundi busobanuro.

Pneumonie isuzumwa ite?

Ugiye kwa muganga, arasuzumwa neza ku mubiri kandi iyo habonetse ibimenyetso bisanzwe, akenshi hifashishwa ifoto y’ibihaha (röntgen) kugira ngo hasuzumwe neza. Hari igihe hakenerwa gupima amaraso cyangwa igikoma. Gufatwa hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo kuvurwa bigire umusaruro.

Ese Zatire (Pneumonie) iranduza?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya pneumonie ni bagiteri, virusi cyangwa rimwe na rimwe udukoko. Indwara z’ubuhumekero zishobora gutera iyi ndwara (nka gripa) ziranduza cyane kandi zikwirakwira byoroshye binyuze mu gukorora no kwitsamura. Kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byanduye nko ku gikombe, ikiyiko, essuye n’abandi bantu nabyo byongera ibyago byo kwandura.

Zatire irakomeye cyane ku bana bato, abageze mu zabukuru, abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa cyangwa abafite indwara zidakira, kandi ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye biriyongera. Ku isi hose, pneumonie ni imwe mu ndwara z’ibyorezo zibasira abantu benshi kandi ziteza impfu nyinshi.

Ni ibihe byongera ibyago byo kurwara Pneumonie?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe byorohereza iterwa rya pneumonie. Muri byo harimo:

• Kugira imyaka myinshi: Abafite imyaka irenze 65 baba bafite ibyago byinshi.

• Indwara zidakira: Asima, COPD, bronchectasie, indwara z’ibihaha cyangwa umutima, impyiko cyangwa umwijima, diyabete n’intege nke z’ubudahangarwa (nka SIDA, indwara z’amaraso, kubagwa impyiko).

• Kunywa itabi n’inzoga: Bigabanya ubushobozi bw’ibihaha kwirinda.

• Kugira ikibazo cyo kumira: By’umwihariko ku bafite ubumuga bwo mu bwonko, indwara z’imitsi cyangwa izindi ndwara zifata imikaya n’imitsi.

• Kugira ikibazo cyo kuruka kenshi cyangwa igikoma cy’inda kikajya mu bihaha (aspiration)

• Kubagwa bikomeye vuba aha

• Igihe indwara za virusi nka gripa zikwirakwira cyane

Kumenya ibi bintu no kugerageza kubigenzura bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara pneumonie.

Ni ibiki byakorwa ngo wirinde Pneumonie?

Uburyo bwo kwirinda zatire bushobora gutandukanywa mu byiciro bikurikira:

• Kuvura neza indwara zidakira no kujya kwa muganga kenshi

• Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ihagije, kwirinda stress

• Kubahiriza isuku (koza intoki kenshi, kwirinda ahantu hateranira abantu benshi)

• Kwirinda itabi, inzoga n’ibindi biyobyabwenge

• Gufata ingamba zikwiye ku bafite ikibazo cyo kumira

• Kwirinda ahantu hateranira abantu benshi no kwambara agapfukamunwa cyane cyane mu gihe cya gripa

• Kubahiriza isuku cyane ku bantu bafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa n’abari mu byago byinshi

Ubwoko bumwe bwa gripa na pneumonie bushobora kwirindwa n’urukingo. Virusi ya gripa ishobora gutera zatire ubwabyo cyangwa igatuma umubiri utagifite imbaraga zo kwirinda bagiteri zitera zatire. Ni yo mpamvu gufata urukingo rwa gripa buri mwaka mu gihe cyabugenewe (akenshi hagati ya Nzeri na Ugushyingo) ari ingenzi ku bafite intege nke cyangwa abari mu byago byinshi.

Urukingo rwa Pneumocoque rukenerwa ryari?

Streptococcus pneumoniae ni imwe mu mpamvu zitera zatire ku isi hose. Urukingo rwa pneumocoque rufasha cyane cyane abafite imyaka irenze 65, abafite indwara z’umutima n’ibihaha, abadafite impyiko, abafite diyabete, abakuweho urwagashya, abafite indwara zimwe z’amaraso, indwara zidakira z’impyiko cyangwa abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa. Rurashobora no gutangwa ku bantu bafite SIDA. Urukingo rutangwa mu gihaha kandi rushobora kongerwa nyuma y’imyaka 5.

Kwikingiza ntibigomba gukorwa igihe urwaye gripa cyangwa ufite umuriro mwinshi. Kandi urukingo rwa gripa ntirugomba gutangwa ku bantu bafite allergie ku magi. Ingaruka z’inkingo za gripa na pneumocoque akenshi ni nto kandi z’igihe gito; ushobora kumva ububabare cyangwa gutukura aho watewe urukingo, kumva unaniwe cyangwa kugira umuriro muke.

Zatire (Pneumonie) ivurwa ite?

Abantu benshi barwaye pneumonie bashobora kuvurirwa mu rugo, ariko abarembye cyangwa abari mu byago byinshi bashobora gukurikiranirwa mu bitaro. Uburyo bwo kuvura butegurwa na muganga hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’indwara, uko ubuzima bw’umurwayi buhagaze n’ubukana bw’ibimenyetso. Imiti itangwa akenshi ni antibiotique (ku bagiteri), imiti igabanya umuriro no kunywa amazi menshi. Ku barwayi barembye cyane cyangwa bakeneye ubufasha bwo guhumeka, gukurikiranwa mu bitaro birakenewe.

Gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare byongera amahirwe yo gukira. Iyo kuvurwa bitinze cyangwa indwara ikomeye, ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa gupfa biriyongera. Ni yo mpamvu abarwayi bagomba gukurikiza inama za muganga mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

1. Ese zatire (pneumonie) iranduza?

Ubwoko bumwe bwa zatire buterwa na virusi na bagiteri bushobora kwandura hagati y’abantu. By’umwihariko indwara z’ubuhumekero nk’inkorora na gripa ziranduza cyane, ariko si impamvu zose za pneumonie zanduza kimwe.

2. Zatire ikomeye ku kihe cyiciro cy’imyaka?

By’umwihariko ku bana bato, abana bakiri bato, abantu bakuze barengeje imyaka 65, abafite indwara zidakira n’abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa, zatire ishobora kuba ikomeye kandi ikaba mbi cyane.

3. Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere bya zatire?

Mu ntangiriro, umuriro, guhinda umuriro, kumva ubukonje, inkorora no gusohora igikoma birashobora kugaragara. Kunanirwa, kubura appetit no kuribwa umutwe nabyo birashobora kuboneka.

4. Pneumonie isuzumwa ite?

Isuzumwa rikorwa na muganga, ifoto y’ibihaha (röntgen) no gupima amaraso cyangwa igikoma iyo bibaye ngombwa.

5. Ni ryari nakwiriye kugana muganga?

Niba ufite umuriro mwinshi, inkorora ikomeye, igikoma gihinduye ibara, kubura umwuka cyangwa wumva unaniwe cyane, ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba.

6. Ese zatire ishobora kuvurirwa mu rugo?

Ku barwayi batarembye, gukurikiza imiti n’inama za muganga birashobora gutuma bakira. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye, uri mu byago byinshi cyangwa uburwayi bukomeye, ugomba kujya mu bitaro.

7. Ni bande bagirwa inama yo gufata urukingo rwa gripa na pneumocoque?

By’umwihariko abafite imyaka irenze 65, abafite indwara zidakira, abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa n’abari mu byago byinshi bose bagirwa inama yo kwikingiza. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama hakurikijwe ibyago byawe bwite.

8. Uburyo bwo gukira nyuma ya pneumonie bumeze bute?

Abantu benshi bakira neza mu byumweru bike. Ariko imyaka, indwara zindi cyangwa uburwayi bukomeye bishobora gutuma gukira bitinda. Kuruhuka no kugenzurwa na muganga birakenewe.

9. Ese zatire ishobora kugaruka?

Yego, ku bantu bamwe zatire ishobora kugaruka inshuro nyinshi. Kuba hari ibyago byihishe bishobora kubitera.

10. Ese ingaruka z’inkingo zirakomeye?

Akenshi ni nto kandi z’igihe gito; ushobora kumva ububabare aho watewe urukingo, umuriro muke, cyangwa kunanirwa. Iyo habayeho igisubizo gikomeye, ushobora gushaka ubufasha kwa muganga.

11. Ese kunywa itabi n’inzoga byongera ibyago bya pneumonie?

Yego, kunywa itabi no gukoresha inzoga nyinshi bigabanya ubushobozi bw’ibihaha kwirinda, bityo bikongera ibyago byo kurwara pneumonie.

12. Nanduye zatire, nakora iki ngo nikingire?

Ruhuka, unywe amazi menshi, ukoreshe imiti wagiriwe inama na muganga, wirinde ibikorwa bikomeye kandi wirinde kwegerana n’abandi uko bishoboka kose.

13. Ni ubuhe buryo bwizewe bwo kwirinda zatire?

Kwitabira gufata urukingo, gukurikiza amabwiriza y’isuku, kugenzura neza ibyongera ibyago no kudasiba kugenzura ubuzima ni zimwe mu nzira zizewe zo kwirinda umusonga.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO), Incamake y’indwara y’umusonga n’iraporo mpuzamahanga ku musonga

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC), Umusonga — Kwirinda, Ibimenyetso n’Ubuvuzi

• Umuryango w’Abanyaburayi wita ku buhumekero (ERS), Umusonga: Amabwiriza n’Inama

• Umuryango w’Abanyamerika wita ku buhumekero (ATS), Amabwiriza ku musonga ugaragara mu muryango

• The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Umubare mpuzamahanga n’uw’uturere w’abarwayi bajyanwa mu bitaro kubera umusonga