Ubumenyi kuri Bose, Aho Ari Hose

Bantu bavandimwe!

Nyabuneka mwumve neza amagambo yanjye.

Simfite icyizere, wenda nyuma y'uyu mwaka sinzongera guhura namwe hano iteka ryose.

Bantu bavandimwe!

Nk'uko umunsi wa Arefa ari umunsi wera, nk'uko ukwezi kwa Zilhicce ari ukwezi kwera, nk'uko umujyi wa Mekka ari umujyi wera; ubuzima bwanyu, umutungo wanyu, n'icyubahiro cyanyu nabyo ni ibyeranda, birinzwe ku buryo bwose bw'ihohoterwa.

Incuti zanjye!

Ejo muzahura n'Uwiteka wanyu kandi muzabazwa buri gikorwa cyanyu cyose cy'uyu munsi. Ntihazagire ugaruka mu buyobe bwa kera ngo yice mugenzi we. Iyi nama yanjye, abari hano bayimenyeshe abatayumvise. Birashoboka ko uwabwiwe ashobora kubisobanukirwa neza kurusha uwari hano akabyumva.

Incuti zanjye!

Ufite ingwate y'umuntu ayisubize nyirayo.

Ubwoko bwose bw'inyungu buraciwe, buri munsi y'ikirenge cyanjye.

Ariko mugomba kwishyura igice cy'inguzanyo mwafashe. Ntimugire uwo mugirira nabi kandi ntimwemere kugirirwa nabi.

Ku itegeko ry'Imana, ubucuruzi bw'inyungu buraciwe. Iyi ngeso mbi yasigaye mu gihe cy'ubujiji yose iri munsi y'ikirenge cyanjye. Inyungu ya mbere naciye ni iy'umuhungu wa Abdulmuttalib witwa Abbas.

Incuti zanjye!

Intambara z'amaraso zaberaga mu gihe cy'ubujiji nazo zaraciwe. Intambara y'amaraso ya mbere naciye ni iy'umwuzukuru wa Abdulmuttalib witwa Rabia.

Bantu bavandimwe!

Uyu munsi, shitani yambuwe burundu ubushobozi bwo kongera kugira ijambo n'ubutegetsi kuri iyi si yanyu. Ariko nimuyumvira mu bintu bito mutitayeho, nabyo bizayishimisha. Murinde ibi kugira ngo mukize imyizerere yanyu.

Bantu bavandimwe!

Ndabashishikariza kubaha uburenganzira bw'abagore no kugira ubwoba bw'Imana kuri ibi. Mwafashe abagore nk'ingabire y'Imana; mwemeye kubana nabo mu izina ry'Imana, mubaha icyubahiro n'isuku. Abagore bafite uburenganzira kuri mwe, namwe mufite uburenganzira kuri bo. Uburenganzira mufite ku bagore ni uko batagomba kwemerera umuntu uwo ari we wese mudashaka kwinjira mu rugo rwanyu. Uburenganzira bw'abagore kuri mwe ni uko mugomba kubaha ibibatunga n'imyambaro uko bisanzwe bigenda.

Bemera!

Mbashije kubasigira ibintu bibiri by'agaciro; nimubyitaho ntimuzigera muyoba. Ibyo ni Igitabo cy'Imana, Korowani Ntagatifu, n'imigenzo ya Pawulo w'Intumwa.

Bemera!

Nyabuneka mwumve neza amagambo yanjye kandi muyiteho! Umuyisilamu ni umuvandimwe w'undi muyisilamu kandi Abayisilamu bose ni abavandimwe. Nta burenganzira na bumwe bw'umuvandimwe wanyu bwemewe kwamburwa. Keretse iyo abiguhaye abikunze.

Incuti zanjye!

Ntimwiyicire ubwanyu. N'ubuzima bwanyu bufite uburenganzira kuri mwe.

Bantu bavandimwe!

Uwiteka wanyu ni umwe. So wanyu ni umwe. Mwese muri abana ba Adamu, Adamu nawe akomoka ku butaka. Nta Muharabu uruta utari Uharabu, nta n'utari Uharabu uruta Uharabu; ufite uruhu rutukura ntaruta ufite uruhu rw'umukara, n'umukara ntaruta utukura. Uburenganzira bushingiye gusa ku kubaha Imana. Uwubahwa cyane imbere y'Imana ni uwifitiye ubwoba bwayo kurusha abandi.

Bantu bavandimwe!

Imana yatanze uburenganzira kuri buri wese. Buri muntu ashinzwe icyaha cye. Umubyeyi ntazabazwa icyaha cy'umwana we, umwana nawe ntazabazwa icyaha cy'umubyeyi we.

Mwitondere ibi bintu bine ntimuzabikore na rimwe:

Ntimukagire icyo mushyira hamwe n'Imana.

Ntimukice umuntu Imana yahaye ubudahangarwa nta mpamvu.

Ntimukagire ubusambanyi.

Ntimukibe.

Bantu bavandimwe!

Ejo bazambaza ibyanyu. Muzavuga iki?

Abasuhaba barasubiza bati:

"Watugejejeho ubutumwa bw'Imana; wasohoje inshingano yawe, waduhaye inama n'ubuhamya, turabihamya."

Intumwa y'Imana yaramanuye urutoki rwayo ijuru inshuro eshatu

"Ba umuhamya! Mwami wacu!

Ba umuhamya! Mwami wacu!

Ba umuhamya! Mwami wacu!"

Hz Muhammed Sallallahu Aleyhi ve Sellem

Guhora ushaka gusinzira, mu nyandiko z’ubuvuzi akenshi byitwa hipersomnia. Iyi myitwarire, umuntu yumva ashaka gusinzira cyane n’amanywa, bikamugora kuguma akangutse no kurangiza inshingano ze za buri munsi. Hipersomnia ishobora kugabanya cyane ireme ry’ubuzima kandi kenshi isaba ubufasha bw’abaganga babizobereyemo. Muri iyi nyandiko, turasesengura impamvu zayo zisanzwe, uko guhora usinzira bifitanye isano n’indwara zitandukanye n’uburyo bwo kubicunga.

Ni izihe mpamvu nyamukuru zitera guhora ushaka gusinzira?

1. Hipersomnia ni iki?

Hipersomnia ni indwara y’uruhurirane rwo gusinzira, irangwa no guhora ushaka gusinzira no kumva usinziriye umunsi wose. Ibi bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: hipersomnia idafite impamvu izwi (idiopatik) na hipersomnia iterwa n’izindi ndwara (sekonderi). Hipersomnia idiopatik, ni iyo itagira impamvu izwi, kandi akenshi n’ubwo umuntu asinziriye amasaha menshi nijoro, akanguka ananiwe. Hipersomnia ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’imibereho n’akazi, igabanya ireme ry’ubuzima. Kugira ngo isuzumwe neza no kuvurwa bisaba ubunararibonye bw’inzobere.

2. Ibitero byo gusinzira bitunguranye biterwa na narcolepsie

Narcolepsie ni indwara yo mu bwonko igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’isaha y’amasaha yo gusinzira no gukanguka. Abayirwaye bahura n’ibitero byo gusinzira bitunguranye kandi batabishaka. Muri narcolepsie, hashobora kubaho no kubura imbaraga mu minota mike (cataplexie), kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenda cyangwa kwikuramo mu gihe cyo gusinzira cyangwa gukanguka (sleep paralysis), ndetse n’ibyiyumvo bisa n’inzozi zifatika (hallucinations). Narcolepsie ishobora gushyira mu kaga imikorere ya buri munsi n’umutekano, bityo igasaba gukurikiranwa kwa muganga.

3. Ihungabana n’ukwiyongera k’ubusinzire

Indwara zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane ihungabana (depression), akenshi zifatwa n’ukwiyongera k’ubusinzire. Abafite ihungabana bakunze kugira umunaniro udashira, kubura ingufu no guhora bashaka gusinzira umunsi wose. Hari kandi kwangirika k’imyitwarire yo gusinzira, harimo kubura ibitotsi (insomnia) cyangwa hipersomnia. Kuvurwa bishobora gukenera ubufasha bwa psychologue ndetse n’imiti igihe bikenewe.

4. Indwara y’umunaniro udashira (CFS)

Indwara y’umunaniro udashira irangwa n’umunaniro udatuma umuntu aruhuka ndetse utagira impamvu izwi, ukamara igihe kirekire. N’ubwo umuntu asinziriye bihagije, ashobora kumva ataruhutse; hakiyongeraho ububabare bw’imitsi n’umutwe, ibibazo byo kwibuka no kwibanda. Iyo CFS ikekwa, ni byiza no gusuzuma izindi mpamvu zishobora kuba zibyihishe inyuma.

5. Apne ya nimugoroba: Impamvu y’ibitotsi bidafite ireme

Apne ya nimugoroba ni indwara irangwa no guhagarara kw’ihumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira. Ibi bituma umuntu akanguka kenshi nijoro, bityo ibitotsi ntibibe bifite ireme; bigatera umunaniro ukabije n’ishaka ryo gusinzira ku manywa. Kuvura apne ya nimugoroba ntibigira gusa uruhare mu kongera ireme ry’ibitotsi, ahubwo binagabanya ibyago by’indwara z’umuvuduko w’amaraso n’indwara z’umutima.

6. Ibibazo bya tiroyide n’umunaniro uhoraho

Bezi ya tiroyide itanga imisemburo igenzura imikorere y’umubiri. Iyo tiroyide idakora neza (hypothyroidisme), umubiri utanga ingufu nke. Ibi bitera abantu kugira intege nke, umunaniro no guhora bashaka gusinzira. Hypothyroidisme ishobora kugenzurwa neza n’ubuvuzi bukwiye.

7. Anemi (kubura amaraso) n’igabanuka ry’ingufu

Anemi ni igihe umubiri udafite utunyangingo tw’amaraso atukura duhagije. Utwo tunyangingo dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni, iyo utabonetse bihagije mu myanya y’umubiri, habaho umunaniro n’ishaka ryo gusinzira. Ubwoko bwa anemi bukunze kugaragara cyane ni ubwo kubura fer. Iyo ivuwe neza, ibimenyetso akenshi biragabanuka.

8. Uko diyabete igira uruhare ku munaniro

Diyabete ni indwara idakira ituma umubiri utabasha kugenzura neza isukari yo mu maraso. Igihe isukari itagenzurwa neza, ingufu umubiri ukeneye ntiziboneka. Ibi bitera umunaniro ku mubiri no mu bwonko, ndetse n’ishaka ryo gusinzira kenshi. Iyo diyabete igenzurwa neza, ibi bimenyetso biragabanuka cyane.

Ni ryari ukwiyongera k’ubusinzire bikwiye kwitabwaho?

Abantu bose bashobora kumva bananiwe cyangwa bashaka gusinzira rimwe na rimwe. Ariko iyo biba akamenyero, bikangiza ireme ry’ubuzima n’imikorere ya buri munsi, ni ngombwa kwivuza. Iyo impamvu zibyihishe inyuma zimenyekanye, akenshi kuvurwa neza cyangwa guhindura imikorere bishobora kugabanya ibibazo.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

1. Guhora nsinzira bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwara ikomeye?

Guhora ushaka gusinzira rimwe na rimwe biterwa n’imyitwarire, ariko bishobora no guterwa n’indwara. By’umwihariko iyo bibangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, ugomba kugisha inama umuganga.

2. Ni iki gitandukanya hipersomnia na narcolepsie?

Hipersomnia irangwa no gusinzira cyane umunsi wose; naho narcolepsie irangwa n’ibitero byo gusinzira bitunguranye no kubura imbaraga mu misokoro. Narcolepsie ni indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko.

3. Ni izihe ngaruka ihungabana rigira ku myitwarire yo gusinzira?

Ihungabana rishobora kugaragara mu kubura ibitotsi (insomnia) cyangwa gusinzira cyane (hipersomnia). Hari kandi gukanguka mu gitondo wumva unaniwe no kubura ingufu umunsi wose.

4. Apne ya nimugoroba iravurwa?

Yego, apne ya nimugoroba ni indwara ivurwa. Uburyo bwo kuyivura burimo guhindura imikorere, gukoresha imashini zitanga umwuka (CPAP), ibikoresho byo mu kanwa ndetse no kubagwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

5. Ni irihe sano riri hagati y’indwara y’umunaniro udashira no gusinzira kenshi?

Abafite indwara y’umunaniro udashira bakunze kugira umunaniro udashira n’ishaka ryo gusinzira, n’ubwo basinziriye bihagije. Ariko gusinzira kenshi gishobora guterwa n’izindi mpamvu.

6. Nigute menya ko mfite anemi?

Ibimenyetso bya anemi birimo umunaniro uhoraho, intege nke, gucya no kunanirwa vuba. Kugira ngo wemeze neza bisaba isuzuma ry’amaraso.

7. Ibibazo bya tiroyide bigira izihe ngaruka ku myitwarire yo gusinzira?

Iyo bezi ya tiroyide idatanga imisemburo ihagije (hypothyroidisme), habaho igabanuka ry’ingufu n’ukwiyongera k’ubusinzire. Iyo ivuwe neza, ibimenyetso akenshi biragabanuka.

8. Kugenzura diyabete bigabanya umunaniro?

Kugira ngo isukari yo mu maraso igume ku rugero rukwiye, byongera ingufu z’umubiri kandi bigabanya ishaka ryo gusinzira.

9. Kuki rimwe na rimwe nubwo nsinzira bihagije nkomeza kumva nananiwe?

Ibi bishobora guterwa n’impamvu nyinshi: apne ya nimugoroba, ihungabana, ibibazo bya tiroyide, anemi cyangwa izindi ndwara z’imikorere y’umubiri. Niba ibi bimenyetso bimaze igihe, jya kwa muganga.

10. Ni iki nakora ku giti cyanjye?

Gerageza kugira imyitwarire myiza yo gusinzira, kurya indyo yuzuye, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ariko niba ibibazo bikomeje, shaka ubufasha bw’umuganga.

11. Guhora ushaka gusinzira biboneka cyane mu bakuze?

Mu busaza, imyitwarire yo gusinzira irahinduka, ariko hipersomnia idasanzwe ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwara. By’umwihariko iyo bitangiye vuba, ni byiza kwisuzumisha.

12. Guhora ushaka gusinzira biboneka no mu bana?

Yego, abana na bo bashobora kugira ibibazo byo gusinzira cyane bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye. Iyo impinduka zigaragara igihe kirekire cyangwa zaje gitunguranye, jya kwa muganga w’abana.

13. Ni izihe zindi ndwara zishobora gutera guhora ushaka gusinzira?

Kunanirwa kw’impyiko, indwara z’igihe kirekire z’ubwandu, ingaruka z’imiti imwe n’imwe ndetse n’indwara zimwe zo mu bwonko nabyo bishobora kubitera.

Amasoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) – Ifishi y’amakuru ku ndwara zo gusinzira

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo gusinzira (AASM) – Ibyiciro n’uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo gusinzira

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) – Amakuru ku ndwara y’umunaniro udashira

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe (APA) – Ibipimo byo gusuzuma ihungabana rikomeye

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara ya diyabete (ADA) – Amabwiriza yo gucunga diyabete

• Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine – Inyandiko zisesengura hipersomnia na narcolepsie

Kumva nk’aho urimo guterwa inshinge cyangwa kumva urimo kuribwa n’udukoko, akenshi byitwa "parestezi" kandi bishobora guteza impungenge abantu benshi. Kubera ko indwara nyinshi zitandukanye zishobora gutera ibi bimenyetso, igihe bimara n’ubukana bifite ni ingenzi. Hasi aha, harasobanurwa impamvu nyamukuru z’iyo wumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge n’ibintu by’ingenzi ukwiye kumenya kuri ibyo bibazo.

Ifungirana ry’Imitsi n’Ukuryoherwa

Iyo imitsi ifungiwe ahantu runaka, imitsi n’imiyoboro y’amaraso ntibikora neza, bigatera kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge cyangwa urimo kuribwa n’udukoko mu mubiri. Urugero ruzwi cyane ni indwara ya karpal tünel iterwa n’ifungirana ry’umutsi wa median mu nkokora. Ibi bishobora gutera kubura ubwenge mu biganza no ku ntoki, kumva nk’aho urimo kuribwa n’udukoko no kutisanzura. Muri ubwo buryo, ifungirana ry’umutsi wa siyatiki mu mugongo rishobora gutera kubabara no kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge mu maguru. Ifungirana ry’imitsi akenshi riterwa n’impamvu z’imikorere (nk’imyitozo isubiramo, kwicara nabi, cyangwa gukomereka), ariko gusesengura kwa muganga w’inzobere birashobora gufasha mu gusuzuma no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura.

Kwiyangirika kw’Imitsi Biterwa na Diyabete (Diyabetik Nöropati)

Kugira isukari nyinshi mu maraso igihe kirekire bishobora kwangiza uduhuzamitsi. Nöropati iterwa na diyabete igaragazwa no kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge, kubura ubwenge no gushya mu biganza cyangwa ku birenge; akenshi bimera ku mpande zombi. Kubera ko ibi bibazo bikunze kuboneka ku bafite diyabete, kugenzura neza isukari no gukurikiranwa kenshi ni ingenzi.

Uruhare rw’Ibura rya Vitamini

Ibura rya vitamini zimwe na zimwe mu mubiri rishobora kubangamira imikorere myiza y’imitsi. By’umwihariko, kubura vitamini B12 bitera ibibazo mu itumanaho ry’imitsi, bikaviramo kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge cyangwa urimo kuribwa n’udukoko. Kubura B12 kenshi biboneka ku bafata indyo idafite ibikomoka ku matungo, abafite ibibazo byo kutayisohora neza cyangwa abakuze cyane. Iyo iki kibazo gikosowe, ibimenyetso akenshi biragabanuka.

Indwara z’Ikigo cy’Imitsi: Multipl Skleroz (MS)

Multipl skleroz ni indwara irambye kandi igenda yiyongera aho ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwangiza imitsi. Muri iyi ndwara, uruhu rutwikira imitsi (myelin) rurangirika, bigatuma ubutumwa bw’imitsi butagera aho bugomba kugera neza. Muri MS, ushobora kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri, kubura ubwenge, ibibazo by’amaso, intege nke mu misokoro no kubura uburinganire. Kubera ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwitiranywa n’izindi ndwara, ni ngombwa ko muganga w’inzobere mu mitekerereze y’imitsi abisesengura.

Kwiyangirika kw’Imitsi yo ku Mpera (Periferik Nöropati)

Kwiyangirika kw’imitsi itari mu kigo cy’imitsi byitwa "periferik nöropati". Gukomereka, kwandura, uburozi cyangwa indwara z’igihe kirekire bishobora kubitera. Kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge, gushya no kubura ubwenge mu biganza no ku birenge ni bimwe mu bimenyetso by’ingenzi bya periferik nöropati. Kuvura impamvu yabiteye bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso.

Ibibazo by’Imikorere ya Tireyide: Hipotiroidizm

Hipotiroidizm bivuga ko tireyide idatanga imisemburo ihagije, bigatuma umubiri uhinduka mu buryo bwinshi. Kugabanuka k’imikorere y’umubiri bigira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’imitsi. By’umwihariko, kumva nk’aho urimo kuribwa n’udukoko cyangwa uterwa inshinge mu biganza no ku birenge ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kuboneka. Hari n’ibindi bimenyetso nk’umunaniro, kongera ibiro, kutihanganira imbeho no kwiheba. Kuvura bikorwa hifashishijwe imisemburo ya tireyide.

Indwara z’Ubwandu n’Indwara z’Ububabare

Indwara zimwe z’ubwandu cyangwa izitera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri nabyo bishobora gutera imitsi kugira uburwayi. Urugero, zona iterwa na virusi ya herpes zoster itera kubyimbirwa kw’imitsi, bikajyana n’ibiheri ku ruhu, ububabare bukabije no kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge. Indwara zimwe z’igihe kirekire z’ububabare nk’iyo mu ngingo (romatoid artrit) nazo zishobora gutera ifungirana cyangwa kwangirika kw’imitsi bigatuma wumva nk’aho urimo kuribwa n’udukoko.

Kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge mu mubiri rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba by’igihe gito kandi bidafite ingaruka. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bimara igihe kirekire, bikiyongera cyangwa bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi, ni ingenzi kugana muganga kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu n’uburyo bwo kuvura bukwiye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge mu mubiri ni ikibazo gikomeye?

Akenshi iki kibazo giterwa n’impamvu zoroheje kandi zidafite ingaruka; ariko iyo bimara igihe kirekire, bikaba byinshi cyangwa bijyana n’ibindi bimenyetso, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwara ikomeye bityo bisaba gusesengurwa kwa muganga.

2. Ifungirana ry’imitsi rikira rite?

Kuvura ifungirana ry’imitsi biterwa n’impamvu yabiteye. Mu bihe byoroheje, kuruhuka, guhindura uko wicaye no gukora imyitozo birahagije. Mu bihe bikomeye, hashobora gukenerwa imiti cyangwa kubagwa.

3. Diyabetik nöropati irakira burundu?

Diyabetik nöropati akenshi ni indwara irambye kandi igenda yiyongera. Kugenzura neza isukari mu maraso bigabanya ibimenyetso, ariko kwangirika kw’imitsi ntibishobora gusubira uko byari bisanzwe.

4. Ni ibihe bimenyetso bigaragara mu kubura vitamini B12?

Kubura B12 bitera kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge mu biganza no ku birenge, intege nke, umunaniro n’ibibazo byo kwibuka, hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso by’imitsi n’umubiri muri rusange.

5. Kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge muri MS birahoraho?

Muri MS, kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge rimwe na rimwe biza mu byiciro, bikagenda bigabanuka uko igihe kigenda. Ariko ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’umuntu.

6. Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa kuri periferik nöropati?

Ibizamini byo gupima uko imitsi itanga ubutumwa (EMG), ibizamini by’amaraso ndetse no gusuzuma uko bigaragara imbere mu mubiri bishobora gukorwa.

7. Hipotiroidizm nidakirwa bitera ibibazo?

Yego. Nidatangwa imiti, si ukumva nk’aho urimo kuribwa n’udukoko gusa, ahubwo bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mutima, imikorere y’umubiri n’imitekerereze.

8. Indwara ya zona ishobora kugaruka?

Zona akenshi ibaho rimwe gusa; ariko iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwagabanutse cyane, ibyago byo kongera kuyirwara biriyongera.

9. Kumva nk’aho uterwa inshinge bigabanywa bite?

Kuvura impamvu yabiteye ni bwo buryo bwiza. Mu bihe byoroheje no mu gihe gito, kuruhuka, guhindura uko wicaye no gukora imyitozo birafasha; ariko iyo bikomeje, ni ngombwa kugisha inama muganga.

10. Gufata vitamini byungura?

Niba habonetse ibura rya vitamini, gufata vitamini mu rugero rwemejwe na muganga birafasha. Gufata vitamini uko wishakiye cyangwa udafite impamvu ntibyemewe.

Amasoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) – Incamake ku Ndwara z’Imitsi

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ba Diyabete (ADA) – Amabwiriza ya Diyabetik Nöropati

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika b’Imitsi (AAN) – Ibisobanuro kuri Periferik Nöropati

• Mayo Clinic – Parestezi n’Ibimenyetso Biyiherekeza

• National Institutes of Health (NIH) – Ibura rya Vitamini B12 n’Ikigo cy’Imitsi

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Indwara z’Ubwandu bw’Imitsi n’Ingamba zo Kuzirinda