Ubumenyi kuri Bose, Aho Ari Hose

Ni ibitera uburibwe bwo mu muhogo? Ni izihe ngamba zorohereza uburibwe kandi ryari hakenewe ubufasha bw’inzobere?

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara cyane mu ndwara zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero yo hejuru, cyane cyane ibicurane n’inkorora. Rimwe na rimwe bushobora kuba bwinshi ku buryo butera umuntu kugira ikibazo cyo kumira, kuvuga cyangwa guhumeka. Mu bihe byinshi, uburibwe bwo mu muhogo bushobora kugabanywa n’uburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya uburibwe bushobora gukorerwa mu rugo. Ariko, uburibwe bwo mu muhogo burambye, bukabije cyangwa buhora busubira bushobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwara yihishe inyuma, bityo hakaba hakenewe isuzuma n’ubuvuzi bw’abaganga.

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo ni iki, kandi bugaragara mu bihe ki?

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo ni uko umuntu yumva uburibwe, gushya, kubabara cyangwa gukaruka mu muhogo, cyane cyane iyo amira. Ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze gutuma abantu bajya kwa muganga. Akenshi biterwa n’udukoko dutera indwara (by’umwihariko virusi), impamvu zituruka ku bidukikije, allergie ndetse no gukomeretsa cyangwa gutera irungu mu muhogo.

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo bushobora kwibasira ibice bitandukanye by’umuhogo:

• Mu gice cy’inyuma cy’akanwa: Farenjiti

• Kubyimba no gutukura kw’amandwi: Tonsiliti (kwandura kw’amandwi)

• Ibibazo mu gice cy’umuhogo: Larenjiti

Ni izihe mpamvu zikunze gutera uburibwe bwo mu muhogo?

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo bushobora guterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye. Izo mpamvu nyamukuru ni izi:

Indwara ziterwa na virusi: Ibicurane, grippe, COVID-19, mononucleose, imbasa, urushwima, kabutindi n’izindi virusi ni zo mpamvu zikunze kubitera.

Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri: Bagiteri za streptokok (by’umwihariko mu bana) ni zo zikunze kubitera; rimwe na rimwe bagiteri zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina nka gonore na chlamydia nazo zishobora gutera uburwayi mu muhogo.

Allergie: Impamvu nk’umukungugu, ivumbi, imisatsi y’amatungo, ifu y’ibimera n’ibindi bishobora gutera igisubizo cy’ubudahangarwa ndetse n’itembera ry’amazi ava mu mazuru bikaba byatera irungu mu muhogo.

Impamvu zituruka ku bidukikije: Umwuka wumye, umwuka wanduye, umwotsi w’itabi, imiti yica udukoko n’ibindi bishobora gutuma umuhogo wuma kandi ukagira uburibwe.

Reflux (Indwara yo gusubira kw’ibiryo mu muhogo): Ifuro ry’icya mu nda rishobora kuzamuka rikagera mu muhogo, bigatera gushya no kubabara.

Imvune no gukoresha cyane umuhogo: Kuvuga cyane, gukoresha cyane ijwi, cyangwa gukubitwa mu muhogo nabyo bishobora gutera uburibwe bwo mu muhogo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’uburibwe bwo mu muhogo, kandi biba ku bantu ki cyane?

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo akenshi bugaragarira kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Uburibwe bwiyongera iyo umuntu amira,

• Kumagara, gushya, gukaruka mu muhogo,

• Kubyimba no gutukura,

• Rimwe na rimwe igabanuka ry’ijwi,

• Hari igihe biza bifatanyije n’inkorora, umuriro cyangwa umunaniro nk’ibimenyetso by’indwara z’ubwandu rusange.

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo bushobora kubaho kuri buri wese; ariko abana, abafite ubudahangarwa buke, abanywa itabi cyangwa ababa ahantu hari umwuka wanduye biboneka cyane kurushaho.

Ni izihe ngamba zorohereza uburibwe bwo mu muhogo zishobora gukorerwa mu rugo?

Mu gihe kinini cy’uburibwe bwo mu muhogo, ibi bikurikira bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso:

• Kunywa amazi menshi n’ibinyobwa bishyushye

• Kwoza umuhogo n’amazi ashyushye arimo umunyu (ushyiramo igice cya kimwe cya kabiri cy’akayiko k’umunyu mu gikombe cy’amazi ashyushye)

• Kunywa icyayi cy’ibimera gishyushye (nko ku musogongero: kamomille, sage, tangawizi, echinacea, hatmi)

• Gutegura umuvange wa ubuki n’indimu (ubuki bushobora gufatwa bwonyine cyangwa kongerwa mu cyayi)

• Koresha ibikoresho byongera ubushyuhe bw’icyumba cyangwa kongera ubushyuhe mu cyumba

• Kuruhura ijwi n’umuhogo uko bishoboka kose, kwirinda kuvuga cyane

• Kwirinda ahantu hari ibintu bishobora gutera irungu (nk’umwotsi w’itabi)

Bimwe mu bimera (nk’ikirungo cy’udushumi, tangawizi, echinacea) bishobora kugira uruhare mu koroshya uburibwe bwo mu muhogo; ariko abafite indwara zidakira, ababyeyi batwite cyangwa abakoresha imiti buri gihe bagomba kubanza kubaza muganga mbere yo kubikoresha.

Ni ibihe byakagombye guhitamo mu mirire?

Kugira ngo uburibwe bwo mu muhogo bugabanuke;

• Ibikoma bishyushye, yoguti, puree, cyangwa ibiryo byoroshye kandi byoroshye kumira birasabwa

• Kwirinda ibiryo birimo ibirungo byinshi, acide, bishyushye cyane cyangwa bikonje cyane

• Vinegere y’ipome, ubuki (bifashishwa ubwabyo cyangwa byavanzwe n’amazi ashyushye) bishobora gufasha

Ugitunguru, kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya udukoko, ishobora kungura mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ariko abafite igifu cyoroshye bagomba kuyifata bitonze.

Ni izihe nzira zikoreshwa mu kuvura uburibwe bwo mu muhogo?

Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingira ku mpamvu ibitera:

• Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo buterwa na virusi akenshi burakira ubwabwo; antibiotique ntizifasha

• Mu ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri (nko mu gihe cya strep throat), antibiotique yandikwa na muganga irakenewe kandi akenshi imara iminsi 7-10

• Ibikoresho bigabanya uburibwe n’umuriro birimo acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen birashobora gutangwa

• Mu buribwe bwo mu muhogo buterwa na allergie, imiti igabanya allergie (antihistaminiques) irafasha

• Mu buribwe bwo mu muhogo buterwa na reflux, hakenerwa imiti igabanya aside yo mu gifu n’impinduka mu mirire

Ibindi bimenyetso bifatanya n’uburibwe bwo mu muhogo n’ibyo kwitondera

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo burambye cyangwa bukabije bufite ibimenyetso nk’umuriro mwinshi, kugorwa no kumira/kubura umwuka, kubyimba mu ijosi cyangwa mu maso, amaraso mu matembabuzi yo mu kanwa, uburibwe bukabije mu gutwi, uduheri mu kanwa/ku maboko, uburibwe mu ngingo cyangwa gusohora amatembabuzi menshi mu kanwa, bisaba kujya kwa muganga bidatinze.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma uburibwe bwo mu muhogo

Umuganga w’inzobere azumva ibibazo byawe, agasuzuma amateka y’ubuzima bwawe ndetse agasuzuma umubiri. Niba bibaye ngombwa, ashobora gukoresha ibipimo byihuse bya antigen cyangwa gusuzuma umuco wo mu muhogo kugira ngo amenye ubwoko bw’ubwandu.

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo mu bana: Ibyo kwitondera

No mu bana, uburibwe bwo mu muhogo akenshi buterwa n’ubwandu kandi kenshi burakira iyo umwana aruhutse, anywa amazi menshi kandi ahabwa imiti igabanya uburibwe ikwiriye. Ariko, guha abana aspirin birabujijwe kubera ibyago byo kurwara Reye syndrome, bityo buri gihe bagomba kubanza kubaza muganga w’abana.

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo burambye busobanura iki?

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo bumara icyumweru kirenze cyangwa buhora busubira bushobora kuba bifitanye isano n’indwara zidakira, allergie, reflux, kanseri cyangwa izindi mpamvu zikomeye. Muri ibyo bihe, ni ngombwa kugana inzobere mu buvuzi.

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo n’inkingo

Inkingo zifasha kurinda grippe n’indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na virusi, bityo bigafasha no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara uburibwe bwo mu muhogo. Nta rukingo rwihariye rukoreshwa mu gukumira indwara za streptokok mu muhogo ruhari, ariko kwirinda rusange ni ugukomeza isuku no kwirinda ahantu hateranira abantu benshi.

Ni ibiki wakora buri munsi ngo wirinde uburibwe bwo mu muhogo?

• Jya wiyuhagira intoki kenshi, ukoreshe imiti isukura intoki iyo uri ahantu hateranira abantu benshi

• Witondere isuku y’ibikoresho n’aho ubarizwa

• Fata indyo yuzuye ifasha kongera ubudahangarwa kandi ukore imyitozo ngororamubiri

• Irinde kunywa itabi no kuba ahantu hari umwotsi waryo

• Ntukirengagize kugenzura ubuzima bwawe kenshi

Umubano hagati y’uburibwe bwo mu muhogo n’inkorora

Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo n’inkorora akenshi bigaragara hamwe mu ndwara zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero yo hejuru. Irungu ryo mu muhogo rishobora gutera umuntu gukorora. Inkorora irambye cyangwa ikabije ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indi ndwara ikomeye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku buribwe bwo mu muhogo

1. Uburibwe bwo mu muhogo bumara iminsi ingahe?
Uburibwe bwinshi bwo mu muhogo burakira mu minsi 5-7 iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwita ku murwayi no koroshya uburibwe. Ariko, niba burenze icyumweru cyangwa bukaba bubi kurushaho, ugomba kujya kwa muganga.

2. Kuki umuntu ababara mu muhogo iyo amira?
Impamvu zirimo ubwandu, irungu, allergie, reflux cyangwa ikintu cyinjiye mu muhogo bishobora gutera uburibwe iyo umuntu amira. Kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu no kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye, ni byiza kugisha inama inzobere

3. Ni ibimera cyangwa icyayi byafasha ku kuribwa mu muhogo?
Imboga nka kamomili, sage, tangawizi, urusenda, echinacea, n’imizi ya marshmallow bishobora gufasha. Mbere yo gukoresha uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bw’imiti y’ibimera, ni byiza kubanza kugisha inama inzobere mu buvuzi.

4. Ni ryari umuntu akwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera kuribwa mu muhogo?
Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, kumira, umuriro mwinshi, kubyimba mu ijosi cyangwa mu maso, ububabare bukabije, amaraso mu matembabuzi, guhinduka kw’ijwi, uduheri tudakunze kuboneka cyangwa ibimenyetso bimara igihe kirekire (birenze icyumweru kimwe), ugomba kujya kwa muganga w’inzobere.

5. Ni iki cyakorwa ku mwana urwaye mu muhogo?
Gusuzuma kwa muganga ni ingenzi hashingiwe ku myaka y’umwana, uburwayi bushobora kuba bwarabanje n’ibindi bimenyetso bifitanye isano. Akenshi kuruhuka, gufata amazi ahagije no gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare birahagije. Ntuzigere uha umwana aspirin utabanje kubaza muganga.

6. Ni ibihe biribwa n’ibinyobwa byakagombye gufatwa igihe urwaye mu muhogo?
Hitamo ibiribwa byoroshye, bishyushye cyangwa bifite ubushyuhe buringaniye, bitarushaho gutera uburibwe mu muhogo (nk’isupu, yoguti, puree, ubuki, icyayi cy’ibimera). Irinde ibiribwa birimo ibirungo byinshi cyangwa acide.

7. Kuribwa mu muhogo bimara igihe kirekire bishobora guterwa n’izihe ndwara?
Uburwayi bw’igihe kirekire, allergie, indwara ya reflux, sinusite, rimwe na rimwe kanseri cyangwa indwara z’imitsi y’ijwi bishobora gutera kuribwa mu muhogo bimara igihe kirekire.

8. Kuribwa mu muhogo ni ikimenyetso cya COVID-19?
Yego, kuribwa mu muhogo ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara kuri COVID-19; ariko iki kimenyetso gishobora no kugaragara ku zindi ndwara. Niba ufite impungenge, ni ingenzi kugisha inama umukozi w’ubuzima.

9. Ni iki wakitaho igihe uribwa mu muhogo kandi unafite inkorora?
Akenshi biba bifitanye isano n’uburwayi bw’imiyoboro y’ubuhumekero yo hejuru. Ariko niba inkorora imara igihe kirekire, ikomeye cyangwa irimo amaraso, ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba.

10. Ese urukingo rwa grippe n’izindi nkingo bigabanya kuribwa mu muhogo?
Urukingo rwa grippe n’izindi nkingo zifasha kurwanya virusi zimwe na zimwe bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara n’ingaruka zo kuribwa mu muhogo.

11. Ese ni ngombwa gukoresha imiti igihe urwaye mu muhogo?
Biterwa n’impamvu, ushobora gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare, rimwe na rimwe imiti ya allergie cyangwa antibiotique byandikiwe na muganga. Mu bihe byoroheje cyangwa by’iciriritse, akenshi imiti ntiba ikenewe.

12. Ni akahe kamaro ka pastile na spray igihe urwaye mu muhogo?
Pastile na spray by’umuhogo bishobora gutanga ihumure aho hantu; ariko ntibivura intandaro nyamukuru. Bishobora gukoreshwa nk’uburyo bufasha, ariko ukoresheje inama ya muganga.

13. Ni iki cyakorwa ku mugore utwite urwaye mu muhogo?
Ibinyobwa bifite ubushyuhe buringaniye, ubuki, gukaraba mu muhogo n’amazi arimo umunyu no kongera ubukonje mu cyumba ni uburyo bufasha bushobora gutanga ihumure ku mugore utwite. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeye, jya kwa muganga.

14. Ni irihe sano riri hagati yo kunywa itabi no kuribwa mu muhogo?
Kunywa itabi bishobora gutera uburibwe mu muhogo no gutinza gukira, ndetse bigatuma umuntu yoroshye gufatwa n’indwara. Niba bishoboka, irinde itabi n’umwotsi waryo.

15. Kuribwa mu ruhande rumwe rw’umuhogo bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’iki?
Kuribwa mu ruhande rumwe rw’umuhogo bishobora guterwa na tonsillite, uburwayi bw’aho hantu, gukomereka cyangwa rimwe na rimwe kanseri; muri ibyo bihe, gusuzumwa na muganga ni ingenzi.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) – urupapuro rw’amakuru "Sore Throat"

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) – "Sore Throat: Causes & Treatment"

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abaganga b’Amerika b’indwara z’amatwi, iz’mazuru n’umuhogo (AAO-HNSF) – Inyandiko z’inyigisho ku barwayi

• Mayo Clinic – "Sore Throat" Inyandiko y’inyigisho ku barwayi

• British Medical Journal (BMJ) – "Diagnosis and management of sore throat in primary care"

Iyi paji igenewe gusa gutanga amakuru rusange; ku kibazo cyawe cy’ubuzima bwite, jya ugisha inama muganga wawe.

Kanseri y'Ibihaha ni iki? Ibimenyetso byayo, Impamvu zayo, n'Uburyo bwo Kuyisuzuma ni ibihe?

Kanseri y'ibihaha ni indwara iterwa n’uko selile zo mu bihaha ziyongera mu buryo butagenzurwa, bigatera umubyimba mubi (malign tumor). Izi selile zibanza kwiyongera aho ziri zigakora igice kinini. Mu gihe indwara igenda itera imbere, ishobora gukwirakwira mu tundi turemangingo no mu bindi bice by’umubiri biri kure.

Iyi ndwara ni imwe mu zigaragara cyane ku isi kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Akenshi, ntigaragaza ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro, bityo igihe benshi bayimenyerwa iba igeze kure. Ni yo mpamvu ari ingenzi ko abantu bafite ibyago byinshi bajya kwipimisha kenshi no kwitabira gahunda zo gupimwa hakiri kare.

Amakuru Rusange ku Kanseri y’Ibihaha

Kanseri y’ibihaha ni indwara iterwa n’uko selile zo mu bihaha ziyongera mu buryo budasanzwe. Ibintu byongera ibyago cyane ni itabi, kuba ahantu hari umwuka wanduye igihe kirekire, asibe (asbestos) n’umwuka wa radon.

Kubera ikwirakwira ry’ibi byongera ibyago, cyane cyane itabi, kanseri y’ibihaha ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru z’impfu ziterwa na kanseri mu bagabo no mu bagore mu bihugu byinshi. Nubwo kanseri y’ibihaha ifashwe hakiri kare ishobora kuvurwa neza, akenshi isuzumwa igeze kure, bigatuma amahitamo yo kuyivura n’intsinzi biba bike.

Kanseri y’Ibihaha Ikunze Kugaragara N’ibihe Bimenyetso?

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y’ibihaha akenshi bigaragara indwara igeze kure. Nubwo mu ntangiriro itagaragaza ibimenyetso, uko igihe kigenda hashobora kugaragara ibi bikurikira:

• Inkyo idashira kandi igenda irushaho gukomera

• Amaraso mu macandwe

• Kugira ijwi rihora risa n’irijimye

• Guhorana ingorane mu kumira

• Kugabanyuka k’ubushake bwo kurya no gutakaza ibiro

• Umunaniro udasobanutse

Kuko ibi bimenyetso bishobora no kuboneka mu zindi ndwara z’ibihaha, igihe ubyibonaho ni ngombwa kugisha inama inzobere.

Ibimenyetso bya Kanseri y’Ibihaha Bihinduka Bite Bishingiye ku Magezi?

Icyiciro cya 0: Selile za kanseri ziba ziri gusa ku gice cy’imbere cyane cy’uruhu rw’ihaha, akenshi nta kimenyetso gitangwa kandi iboneka mu bipimo bisanzwe.

Icyiciro cya 1: Umubyimba uba ukiri mu bihaha gusa, nta gukwirakwira. Hashobora kubaho inkyo yoroheje, guhumeka bigoranye cyangwa ububabare bworoheje mu gatuza. Muri iki cyiciro, kubagwa bitanga umusaruro mwiza.

Icyiciro cya 2: Kanseri ishobora kuba yarageze mu turemangingo twimbitse cyangwa ku mitsi y’amaraso hafi aho. Amaraso mu macandwe, ububabare mu gatuza n’intege nke biboneka cyane. Uretse kubagwa, hashobora no gukenerwa imiti ya kanseri (chemotherapy) n’imirasire (radiotherapy).

Icyiciro cya 3: Indwara iba yarakwirakwiriye hanze y’ibihaha no ku mitsi y’amaraso. Inkyo idashira, ububabare bukabije mu gatuza, ingorane mu kumira, igabanuka ry’ibiro rikabije n’intege nke bigaragara. Kuvurwa bikunze gukomatanya uburyo bwinshi.

Icyiciro cya 4: Kanseri iba yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by’umubiri (nko mu mwijima, ubwonko cyangwa amagufwa). Guhumeka bigoranye cyane, umunaniro ukabije, ububabare bw’amagufwa n’umutwe, kubura appetit n’igabanuka rikabije ry’ibiro ni ibisanzwe. Muri iki cyiciro, kuvurwa bigamije kugabanya ibimenyetso no kongera ubuzima bwiza.

Impamvu Nshingiro za Kanseri y’Ibihaha ni Izihe?

Ikintu cyongera ibyago cyane ni itabi. Ariko n’abatanywa itabi bashobora kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha. Muri rusange, igice kinini cya kanseri y’ibihaha gifitanye isano n’itabi. Kunywa itabi utari ubinywa (passive smoking) nabyo byongera ibyago cyane.

Ibindi byongera ibyago harimo guhura n’asibe. Asibe ni minerali yakundaga gukoreshwa kubera kwihanganira ubushyuhe n’ishaje. Ubu, guhura nayo biboneka cyane mu kazi, cyane cyane mu gusenya aho yakoreshejwe.

Byongeye, umwuka wanduye, umwuka wa radon, imirasire y’ubumara, indwara z’ibihaha nka KOAH (indwara y’ibihaha idakira) n’imiterere y’umuryango nabyo byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha.

Hariho Ubwoko Butandukanye bwa Kanseri y’Ibihaha?

Kanseri y’ibihaha igabanyijemo amatsinda abiri akurikije aho selile zituruka:

Kanseri y’ibihaha ifite selile ntoya: Iyi igize hafi 10-15% by’indwara zose. Irakura vuba kandi ikwirakwira kare, ikunze gufitanye isano n’itabi.

Kanseri y’ibihaha idafite selile ntoya: Iyi igize hafi 85% by’izi ndwara. Igabanyijemo amoko atatu akunze kuboneka:

• Adenokarsinoma

• Skuamozisi selile karsinoma

• Karsinoma ifite selile nini

Nubwo kanseri y’ibihaha idafite selile ntoya igira igisubizo cyiza ku kuvurwa, icyiciro cy’indwara n’ubuzima rusange by’umurwayi ni ingenzi.

Ibintu Bitera Kanseri y’Ibihaha n’Ibyongera Ibyago

• Kunywa itabi ni cyo gitera cyane iyi ndwara.

• No ku batanywa itabi, kunywa itabi utari ubinywa byongera ibyago cyane.

• Kuba ahantu hari umwuka wa radon igihe kirekire, cyane cyane mu nyubako zidafite umwuka uhagije, ni ingirakamaro.

• Asibe, cyane cyane ku bakora ahakorerwa asibe, byongera ibyago.

• Kuba ahantu hari umwuka wanduye cyane no guhura n’imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda nabyo ni ibyongera ibyago.

• Mu muryango harimo uwigeze kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha nabyo byongera ibyago ku giti cyawe.

• Kuba ufite indwara z’ibihaha nka KOAH nabyo byongera ibyago.

Kanseri y’Ibihaha Isuzumwa Gute?

Mu gusuzuma kanseri y’ibihaha hifashishwa uburyo bugezweho bwo gufotora imbere mu mubiri n’ibizamini bya laboratwari. By’umwihariko, abantu bari mu byago byinshi bashobora gusabwa gupimwa buri mwaka hifashishijwe CT scan ifite imirasire mike.

Niba hari ibimenyetso, ifoto y’ibihaha, CT scan, gupima amacandwe no gufata igice cy’uruhu (biopsy) ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma. Ibyavuye mu bipimo bifasha kumenya icyiciro, uko indwara yakwirakwiriye n’ubwoko bwayo. Nyuma y’ibi, hategurwa uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura umurwayi.

Kanseri y’Ibihaha Itera Igihe Kingana Iki Kugira ngo Igaragare?

Ku kanseri y’ibihaha, kuva selile zitangiye kwiyongera mu buryo budasanzwe kugeza indwara igaragaye bishobora gufata imyaka 5–10. Kubera iyi minsi myinshi, benshi bayimenyerwa igeze kure. Ni yo mpamvu kugenzura kenshi no gupimwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Ni Ubuhe Buryo Bukoreshwa mu Kuvura Kanseri y’Ibihaha?

Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingira ku bwoko bwa kanseri, icyiciro igezeho n’ubuzima rusange bw’umurwayi. Mu ntangiriro, kubagwa kugira ngo bakuremo umubyimba birashoboka. Iyo igeze kure, hakoreshwa imiti ya kanseri, imirasire, imiti yongera ubudahangarwa cyangwa ihuriro ryabyo. Uburyo buzakoreshwa butegurwa n’itsinda ry’inzobere hashingiwe ku murwayi.

Kubagwa, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro no ku ndwara itarakwirakwira, ni uburyo bufite akamaro. Bitewe n’ubunini n’aho umubyimba uri, bashobora gukuramo igice cy’ihaha cyangwa ihaha ryose. Kuvurwa mu cyiciro igeze kure bigamije kugabanya iterambere ry’indwara no kugabanya ibimenyetso.

Akamaro ko Gupimwa Kenshi no Gusuzuma Hakiri Kare

Niba kanseri y’ibihaha ibonetse hakiri kare binyuze mu gupimwa, amahirwe yo gukira no kubaho igihe kirekire ariyongera cyane. By’umwihariko, abantu bafite imyaka 50 kuzamura banywa itabi, gupimwa buri mwaka bifasha kuyifata hakiri kare. Niba wumva uri mu itsinda ry’abafite ibyago, ni ingenzi kugisha inama inzobere no kwitabira gahunda yo gupimwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (FAQ)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri y’ibihaha?

Akenshi, inkyo idashira, amaraso mu macandwe, ijwi rihora risa n’irijimye no guhumeka bigoranye ni ibimenyetso bya mbere. Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, jya kwa muganga.

Ese kanseri y’ibihaha iboneka gusa ku banywa itabi?

Oya. Nubwo itabi ari cyo kintu cyongera ibyago cyane, n’abatanywa itabi bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara. Kunywa itabi utari ubinywa, imiterere y’umuryango n’ibidukikije nabyo bigira uruhare.

Kanseri kanseri irashobora kuba irimo imiryango?

Muri zimwe mu miryango, ushobora gusanga hari ibyago byinshi kubera imiterere y’uturemangingo twabo. Ariko, ahanini, ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano no kunywa itabi no guhura n’ibintu byangiza byo mu bidukikije.

Ese kanseri y’ibihaha ishobora kuvurwa hakiri kare?

Yego, mu byiciro by’ibanze, kuvurwa neza bishobora gutuma umuntu akira burundu. Ni yo mpamvu kumenya hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Uko kanseri igeze he bigenzurwa gute?

Kumenya icyiciro igezeho bikorwa hakoreshejwe ibipimo byo kureba imbere mu mubiri no, nibiba ngombwa, gufata igice cy’uturemangingo kugira ngo harebwe uko yageze mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri.

Ni izindi ndwara zishobora kwitiranywa na yo?

Bronchite ikomeye, umusonga cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ibihaha zishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bisa. Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse.

Ese kuvura kanseri y’ibihaha biragoye?

Uburyo bwo kuvura butandukanye bitewe n’icyiciro igezeho n’ubuzima bw’umurwayi. Ni ingenzi gukora gahunda yihariye kuri buri murwayi.

Ni ibihe bikorwa byafasha kwirinda kanseri y’ibihaha?

Kwirinda itabi n’ibindi bikomoka kuri tütün, kwirinda guhumeka umwotsi w’abandi, gufata ingamba z’ubwirinzi mu mirimo ifite ibyago, no kujya kwisuzumisha kenshi ni ingenzi.

Kanseri y’ibihaha igaragara ku myaka ingahe?

Akenshi igaragara ku bantu bakuze barengeje imyaka 50, ariko ishobora no kugaragara ku muntu uwo ari we wese. By’umwihariko, abanywa itabi bafite ibyago byinshi.

Ese ubuzima bw’ababana na kanseri y’ibihaha bushobora kunozwa?

Yego, ubu uburyo bwo kuvura n’ubufasha bwiyongereye, bigatuma ubuzima bwabo burushaho kuba bwiza.

Ni bande bagirwa inama yo kwisuzumisha kanseri y’ibihaha?

By’umwihariko, abamaze igihe kirekire banywa itabi, barengeje imyaka 50, ndetse n’abafite ibindi byongera ibyago, bagirwa inama yo kwisuzumisha kenshi.

Abafasha umurwayi bashobora gute kumushyigikira mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?

Ubufasha bw’umubiri n’ubw’amarangamutima bugira uruhare runini mu kunoza ubuzima bw’umurwayi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no nyuma yaho.

Ese kubagwa kanseri y’ibihaha bifite ibyago?

Nka buri kubagwa kose, hari ibyago bishobora kubaho. Gukora isuzuma ryimbitse mbere yo kubagwa no kwitegura neza bigabanya ibyo byago.

Gukoresha "imiti y’ubwenge" mu kuvura bivuze iki?

Mu bwoko bumwe bwa kanseri y’ibihaha, hashobora gukoreshwa imiti igenewe kwibasira tumurimo twihariye. Muganga ashobora gusuzuma iyi nzira ashingiye ku isesengura ry’uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Bizagenda bite niba kanseri y’ibihaha itavuwe?

Nidatabwa mu byo kuvurwa, kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira vuba igatuma imikorere y’ingingo z’ingenzi ihungabana. Gufatwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa ni ingenzi cyane.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Lung Cancer

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika Rirwanya Kanseri (American Cancer Society): Lung Cancer

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Kurwanya no Gukumira Indwara (CDC): Lung Cancer

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyaburayi ryita ku Kuvura Kanseri (ESMO): Lung Cancer Guidelines

• National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN): Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology – Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

• Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA): Lung Cancer Screening and Early Detection

Ibimenyetso bya Attack y'umutima, Ibitera Attack y'umutima ni ibihe? Ni izihe nzira zigezweho zo kuvura?

Attack y'umutima ni ikibazo kibaho igihe imitsi y'umutima ibuze umwuka wa ogisijeni n'intungamubiri, kikaba gisaba kwitabwaho byihutirwa. Mu ndimi z’ubuvuzi bita myocardial infarction, akenshi iterwa no gufungwa kw’amaraso atwara intungamubiri ku mutima (coronary arteries). Iyi myanya y’amaraso ifungwa n’ibinure, cholesterol n’ibindi bintu byibika ku nkuta z’imitsi, bikaba byaturika cyangwa hakabaho igipfunsi cy’amaraso kigafunga imitsi burundu cyangwa igice. Gufatwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza bishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y’ingaruka ku mutima.

Ibisobanuro bya Attack y'umutima n'ibibitera by'ingenzi

Attack y'umutima ni igihe umutsi w'umutima ubura umwuka wa ogisijeni, bigatera kwangirika kw’uturemangingo tw’inyama z’umutima. Ibi akenshi biterwa no kugabanuka cyangwa gufungwa kw’imitsi itwara amaraso ku mutima. Ibinure byibika ku nkuta z’imitsi bishobora kugabanya umuyoboro, kandi iyo bituritse, igipfunsi cy’amaraso gishobora guhagarika amaraso ajya ku mutima. Niba gufungwa kw’imitsi kutafunguwe vuba, inyama z’umutima zangirika burundu, bigatera intege nke z’umutima (heart failure). Attack y'umutima ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye z’urupfu ku isi hose. Mu bihugu byinshi, ihitana abantu benshi kurusha impanuka zo mu muhanda.

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara bya Attack y'umutima ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya attack y'umutima biratandukanye bitewe n’umuntu, kandi rimwe na rimwe ntibigaragara neza. Ibikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ububabare cyangwa kutisanzura mu gatuza: Kumva umutima uremereye, ufunze, ushya cyangwa uremereye hagati mu gatuza; rimwe na rimwe bikagera ku kuboko kw'ibumoso, ijosi, akanwa, umugongo cyangwa mu nda.

• Kubura umwuka: Bishobora kuza bifatanye n’ububabare bw’ igatuza cyangwa bikaza ukwabyo.

• Kubira ibyuya: By'umwihariko kubira ibyuya bikonje kandi byinshi ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe.

• Kumva intege nke no kunanirwa: Hari igihe umuntu yumva ananiwe cyane mu minsi ibanziriza attack, cyane cyane ku bagore.

• Kuzungera cyangwa kumva umutwe uremereye

• Kugira isesemi, kuruka cyangwa kutamererwa neza mu gifu

• Kumva umutima utera cyane uturutse ku mpamvu itazwi kandi bidashira

• Kumva umutima utera vuba cyangwa udakora neza

• Ububabare mu mugongo, ku rutugu cyangwa hejuru mu nda, cyane cyane ku bagore.

• Inkari cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka bitagira impamvu izwi

• Kubyimba amaguru, ibirenge cyangwa ku birenge (akenshi mu byiciro bigeze kure) Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe biroroha, rimwe na rimwe bikaba bikomeye cyane. By'umwihariko, niba ububabare bw’ igatuza cyangwa kubura umwuka bidashira mu minota mike cyangwa bigaruka, ugomba guhita ushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga nta gutinda.

Ibimenyetso bya Attack y'umutima mu matsinda atandukanye

Ku bagore n’urubyiruko, attack y'umutima ishobora kugaragara itagaragaje ububabare busanzwe bw’ igatuza. Ku bagore, kunanirwa, ububabare mu mugongo, isesemi, ibibazo byo gusinzira no guhangayika bishobora kuba ari byo bimenyetso by’ingenzi. Ku bakuze cyangwa abarwaye diyabete, ububabare bushobora kutagaragara cyane, ahubwo hakagaragara intege nke itunguranye cyangwa kubura umwuka nk’ikimenyetso cya mbere.

Ububabare bw’ igatuza, kumva umutima utera cyane, kubira ibyuya bikonje no gukanguka bitunguranye nijoro nabyo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya attack y’ umutima ibaye umuntu asinziriye.

Ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago byo kugira Attack y'umutima ni ibihe?

Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kugira attack y'umutima, kandi akenshi biba biri hamwe. Ibikunze kugaragara ni ibi:

• Kunywa itabi n’ibindi bikomoka kuri tutuni

• Kugira cholesterol nyinshi (by'umwihariko izamuka rya LDL cholesterol)

• Umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru (hypertension)

• Diyabete (indwara y’isukari)

• Umubyibuho ukabije no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri

• Imirire itari myiza (ibirimo amavuta menshi, trans fat, n’ibiribwa bidafite fibre)

• Amateka y’indwara z’umutima mu muryango hakiri kare

• Guhangayika no kugira ibibazo by’ihungabana

• Kugira imyaka myinshi (ibyago byiyongera uko umuntu akura)

• Igitsina gabo (ariko nyuma ya menopause, abagore nabo ibyago byiyongera) Bamwe mu bipimo byo kwa muganga (nka C-reactive protein, homocysteine) nabyo bishobora kugaragaza ibyago byinshi. Mu buvuzi bugezweho, ku bantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije, uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwa operation cyangwa ubundi buvuzi bufatanyije no guhindura imyitwarire bifasha kugabanya ibyago.

Uko Attack y'umutima isuzumwa

Intambwe ya mbere mu gusuzuma attack y'umutima ni ukureba ibimenyetso n’uko umurwayi amerewe. Hanyuma hakorwa ibi bipimo by’ingenzi:

• Electrocardiography (EKG): Igaragaza impinduka mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi y’umutima mu gihe cya attack.

• Ibipimo by’amaraso: By'umwihariko izamuka ry’enzymes na proteyine zisohoka mu mutima nka troponin bifasha mu gusuzuma.

• Echocardiography: Igenzura imbaraga z’umutima n’aho utameze neza mu mikorere.

• Mu gihe bikenewe, ifoto y’ibihaha, CT scan cyangwa MRI nabyo birakoreshwa nk’ibindi bipimo byunganira.

• Coronary angiography: Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma neza no kuvura gufungwa cyangwa kugabanuka kw’imitsi. Mu gihe cyo kuvura, bashobora gukoresha balloon angioplasty cyangwa gushyiramo stent kugira ngo bafungure imitsi.

Ibyihutirwa bigomba gukorwa mu gihe cya Attack y'umutima

Igihe umuntu yumva ibimenyetso bya attack y'umutima, igihe ni ingenzi cyane. Intambwe zikurikira ni zo zigomba gukurikizwa:

• Hamagara byihuse serivisi z’ubutabazi (ambulance cyangwa kujya kwa muganga)

• Umurwayi agomba kwicara ahantu hatuje, akagabanya ingendo

• Niba ari wenyine, afungure umuryango cyangwa asabe ubufasha abari hafi

• Niba muganga yarabimubwiye mbere, ashobora gufata imiti irinda attack nko nitroglycerin

• Ategereze ubufasha bw’abaganga, yirinde gukora ibintu byinshi no kugira ubwoba bukabije Mu gihe cy’attack, kwitabwaho vuba kandi neza bigabanya kwangirika kw’inyama z’umutima kandi byongera amahirwe yo kubaho.

Uko kuvura Attack y'umutima bikorwa muri iki gihe

Mu buvuzi bugezweho, kuvura attack y'umutima biterwa n’ubwoko bwa attack, ubukana bwayo n’ibindi byago umurwayi afite. Uko kuvura akenshi bigizwe n’ibi bikurikira:

• Gutangira vuba imiti ifungura imitsi n’imiti ituma amaraso atibumba

• Mu gihe cya mbere, gukoresha uburyo bwo gufungura imitsi (angioplasty, gushyiramo stent) akenshi ni bwo buryo bwa mbere buhitamo

• Niba bikenewe, gukora operation ya by-pass kugira ngo imitsi ifunze isimbuzwe indi myiza

• Nyuma yo gukira ibyago bikomeye, guhindura imyitwarire, gukomeza gufata imiti no kugenzura ibyago ni ingenzi

• Kureka itabi, kurya neza kandi ku rugero, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kugabanya stress no kugenzura diyabete na hypertension ni ingenzi cyane Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, umurwayi agomba gukurikiza inama z’abaganga b’inzobere mu mutima no kujya mu igenzura kenshi.

Ibyo wakora kugira ngo wirinde Attack y'umutima

Ibyago bya attack y'umutima biragabanuka cyane iyo umuntu ahinduye imyitwarire:

• Kureka burundu itabi n’ibindi bikomoka kuri tutuni

• Kugira indyo irimo cholesterol nkeya, imboga n’ibiribwa birimo fibre nyinshi, ukirinda amavuta menshi n’ibiribwa byatunganyijwe cyane

• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe; byibuze iminota 150 y’imyitozo yoroheje buri cyumweru niyo inama

• Kugenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso n’isukari mu maraso; niba bikenewe, gukomeza gufata imiti

• Niba ufite umubyibuho ukabije, gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga kugira ngo ugere ku biro byiza

• Kwiga kugenzura stress no gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe Kwitondera izi nama bifasha kugabanya impfu ziterwa n’indwara z’umutima ku isi hose.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Attack y'umutima ikunze kugaragara ku kihe kigero cy’imyaka?

Ibyago bya attack y'umutima byiyongera uko umuntu akura. Ariko ibindi bintu nko kuba mu muryango harimo indwara y'umutima, diyabete, s

Birashoboka kugira umutima uhagarara utabanje kugira ububabare mu gatuza?

Yego. By’umwihariko ku bagore, abarwayi ba diyabete n’abakuze, umutima ushobora guhagarara utabanje gutera ububabare mu gatuza. Kunanirwa, guhumeka nabi, isesemi cyangwa ububabare mu mugongo ni ibimenyetso bidakunze kugaragara ariko bikwiye kwitabwaho.

Umutima ushobora guhagarara nijoro cyangwa umuntu aryamye?

Yego, umutima ushobora guhagarara umuntu aryamye cyangwa mu rukerera. Abakangutse batunguwe n’ububabare mu gatuza, gutera kw’umutima cyane cyangwa kumva igihunga bakwiye kwihutira kugana muganga.

Ibimenyetso by’umutima uhagarara ku bagore bitandukanye n’iby’abagabo?

Ku bagore, aho kugira ububabare busanzwe mu gatuza, bashobora kugira kunanirwa, ububabare mu mugongo no mu nda, guhumeka nabi, isesemi n’ibindi bimenyetso bitandukanye.

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kwitiranywa n’umutima uhagarara?

Indwara z’inda, ihungabana, ububabare bw’imikaya n’amagufa, reflux na pneumonia zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’umutima uhagarara. Mu gihe hari gushidikanya, ni ngombwa kugana muganga.

Ese umuntu uri kugira umutima uhagarara yakagombye gufata aspirin?

Niba muganga yabiguhereye inama kandi nta allergy ufite, kurya aspirin utarayinywa amazi mbere y’uko ubufasha bwihutirwa buza bishobora kugira akamaro mu bihe bimwe. Ariko buri gihe ubufasha bwa muganga ni bwo bugomba kwihutirwa.

Birashoboka gukira neza nyuma yo kugira umutima uhagarara?

Igice kinini cy’abarwayi bavuwe hakiri kare, bashobora kongera kugira ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu kuvurwa neza no guhindura imyitwarire y’ubuzima. Ariko hari igihe zimwe mu ngingo z’umutima zangirika burundu.

Ni izihe mpamvu zatera umutima uhagarara mu rubyiruko?

Mu rubyiruko, itabi, cholesterol iri hejuru, umubyibuho ukabije, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, hamwe n’ibibazo bimwe by’imitsi byavukanye bishobora gutera umutima uhagarara.

Ni ibiki by’ingenzi kwitaho mu mirire kugira ngo wirinde umutima uhagarara?

Imboga, imbuto, ibinyampeke bitunganyije, amafi n’amavuta meza ni byo byakagombye guhitamo; ibinure byuzuye n’iby’inyamaswa, umunyu n’isukari bikagabanywa.

Ni ryari umuntu yakwemererwa gutangira imyitozo nyuma yo kugira umutima uhagarara?

Gahunda y’imyitozo nyuma y’umutima uhagarara igomba gutangizwa gusa nyuma yo kugirwa inama na muganga no gusuzumwa ku giti cy’umurwayi.

Umuntu wagize umutima uhagarara amara igihe kingana iki mu bitaro?

Igihe amara mu bitaro giterwa n’ubukana bw’ikibazo n’uburyo yavuwe. Akenshi bimara iminsi mike kugeza icyumweru.

Nakora iki niba mu muryango harimo indwara y’umutima?

Amateka y’umuryango ni kimwe mu byongera ibyago. Kwirinda itabi, kurya neza, gukora imyitozo no kujya kwisuzumisha ku mutima igihe bikenewe ni ingenzi.

Ese stress ishobora gutera umutima uhagarara?

Stress imara igihe kirekire ishobora kongera ibyago by’umutima uhagarara mu buryo butaziguye. Kwirinda stress uko bishoboka cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyirwanya bifite akamaro.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (World Health Organization, WHO): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet.

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku Mutima (American Heart Association, AHA): Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery.

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyaburayi ryita ku Mutima (European Society of Cardiology, ESC): Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction.

• US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Heart Disease Facts.

• New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Circulation (Ibitangazamakuru by’ubuvuzi byemewe n’inzobere).