Ubumenyi kuri Bose, Aho Ari Hose

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Zatire (Pneumonie)?

Pneumonie ni indwara ikunze kwibasira ibihaha, ikaba ikomeye kandi iyo itavuwe ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara cyane ni umuriro mwinshi utunguranye, guhinda umuriro no kumva ubukonje, inkorora, no gusohora igikoma cyinshi gifite ibara (umuhondo, icyatsi cyangwa ikirabure). Hari kandi ubwoko bumwe bwa pneumonie butangira umuntu abura appetit, akumva ananiwe, aribwa imitsi n’ingingo, bikazakurikirwa n’inkorora idafite igikoma, kuzamuka k’umuriro, kuribwa mu nda, umutwe no kuruka rimwe na rimwe. By’umwihariko, kwihuta mu guhumeka, kumva urusaku mu gituza, ibyuya no kumva unaniwe cyane nabyo birashobora kugaragara.

Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwitiranywa n’indwara z’ubuhumekero nka gripa. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ntibigabanuka mu minsi mike, cyane cyane ku bari mu byago byinshi, ni ngombwa kugana muganga kugira ngo hatangwa ubundi busobanuro.

Pneumonie isuzumwa ite?

Ugiye kwa muganga, arasuzumwa neza ku mubiri kandi iyo habonetse ibimenyetso bisanzwe, akenshi hifashishwa ifoto y’ibihaha (röntgen) kugira ngo hasuzumwe neza. Hari igihe hakenerwa gupima amaraso cyangwa igikoma. Gufatwa hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo kuvurwa bigire umusaruro.

Ese Zatire (Pneumonie) iranduza?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya pneumonie ni bagiteri, virusi cyangwa rimwe na rimwe udukoko. Indwara z’ubuhumekero zishobora gutera iyi ndwara (nka gripa) ziranduza cyane kandi zikwirakwira byoroshye binyuze mu gukorora no kwitsamura. Kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byanduye nko ku gikombe, ikiyiko, essuye n’abandi bantu nabyo byongera ibyago byo kwandura.

Zatire irakomeye cyane ku bana bato, abageze mu zabukuru, abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa cyangwa abafite indwara zidakira, kandi ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye biriyongera. Ku isi hose, pneumonie ni imwe mu ndwara z’ibyorezo zibasira abantu benshi kandi ziteza impfu nyinshi.

Ni ibihe byongera ibyago byo kurwara Pneumonie?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe byorohereza iterwa rya pneumonie. Muri byo harimo:

• Kugira imyaka myinshi: Abafite imyaka irenze 65 baba bafite ibyago byinshi.

• Indwara zidakira: Asima, COPD, bronchectasie, indwara z’ibihaha cyangwa umutima, impyiko cyangwa umwijima, diyabete n’intege nke z’ubudahangarwa (nka SIDA, indwara z’amaraso, kubagwa impyiko).

• Kunywa itabi n’inzoga: Bigabanya ubushobozi bw’ibihaha kwirinda.

• Kugira ikibazo cyo kumira: By’umwihariko ku bafite ubumuga bwo mu bwonko, indwara z’imitsi cyangwa izindi ndwara zifata imikaya n’imitsi.

• Kugira ikibazo cyo kuruka kenshi cyangwa igikoma cy’inda kikajya mu bihaha (aspiration)

• Kubagwa bikomeye vuba aha

• Igihe indwara za virusi nka gripa zikwirakwira cyane

Kumenya ibi bintu no kugerageza kubigenzura bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara pneumonie.

Ni ibiki byakorwa ngo wirinde Pneumonie?

Uburyo bwo kwirinda zatire bushobora gutandukanywa mu byiciro bikurikira:

• Kuvura neza indwara zidakira no kujya kwa muganga kenshi

• Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ihagije, kwirinda stress

• Kubahiriza isuku (koza intoki kenshi, kwirinda ahantu hateranira abantu benshi)

• Kwirinda itabi, inzoga n’ibindi biyobyabwenge

• Gufata ingamba zikwiye ku bafite ikibazo cyo kumira

• Kwirinda ahantu hateranira abantu benshi no kwambara agapfukamunwa cyane cyane mu gihe cya gripa

• Kubahiriza isuku cyane ku bantu bafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa n’abari mu byago byinshi

Ubwoko bumwe bwa gripa na pneumonie bushobora kwirindwa n’urukingo. Virusi ya gripa ishobora gutera zatire ubwabyo cyangwa igatuma umubiri utagifite imbaraga zo kwirinda bagiteri zitera zatire. Ni yo mpamvu gufata urukingo rwa gripa buri mwaka mu gihe cyabugenewe (akenshi hagati ya Nzeri na Ugushyingo) ari ingenzi ku bafite intege nke cyangwa abari mu byago byinshi.

Urukingo rwa Pneumocoque rukenerwa ryari?

Streptococcus pneumoniae ni imwe mu mpamvu zitera zatire ku isi hose. Urukingo rwa pneumocoque rufasha cyane cyane abafite imyaka irenze 65, abafite indwara z’umutima n’ibihaha, abadafite impyiko, abafite diyabete, abakuweho urwagashya, abafite indwara zimwe z’amaraso, indwara zidakira z’impyiko cyangwa abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa. Rurashobora no gutangwa ku bantu bafite SIDA. Urukingo rutangwa mu gihaha kandi rushobora kongerwa nyuma y’imyaka 5.

Kwikingiza ntibigomba gukorwa igihe urwaye gripa cyangwa ufite umuriro mwinshi. Kandi urukingo rwa gripa ntirugomba gutangwa ku bantu bafite allergie ku magi. Ingaruka z’inkingo za gripa na pneumocoque akenshi ni nto kandi z’igihe gito; ushobora kumva ububabare cyangwa gutukura aho watewe urukingo, kumva unaniwe cyangwa kugira umuriro muke.

Zatire (Pneumonie) ivurwa ite?

Abantu benshi barwaye pneumonie bashobora kuvurirwa mu rugo, ariko abarembye cyangwa abari mu byago byinshi bashobora gukurikiranirwa mu bitaro. Uburyo bwo kuvura butegurwa na muganga hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’indwara, uko ubuzima bw’umurwayi buhagaze n’ubukana bw’ibimenyetso. Imiti itangwa akenshi ni antibiotique (ku bagiteri), imiti igabanya umuriro no kunywa amazi menshi. Ku barwayi barembye cyane cyangwa bakeneye ubufasha bwo guhumeka, gukurikiranwa mu bitaro birakenewe.

Gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare byongera amahirwe yo gukira. Iyo kuvurwa bitinze cyangwa indwara ikomeye, ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa gupfa biriyongera. Ni yo mpamvu abarwayi bagomba gukurikiza inama za muganga mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

1. Ese zatire (pneumonie) iranduza?

Ubwoko bumwe bwa zatire buterwa na virusi na bagiteri bushobora kwandura hagati y’abantu. By’umwihariko indwara z’ubuhumekero nk’inkorora na gripa ziranduza cyane, ariko si impamvu zose za pneumonie zanduza kimwe.

2. Zatire ikomeye ku kihe cyiciro cy’imyaka?

By’umwihariko ku bana bato, abana bakiri bato, abantu bakuze barengeje imyaka 65, abafite indwara zidakira n’abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa, zatire ishobora kuba ikomeye kandi ikaba mbi cyane.

3. Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere bya zatire?

Mu ntangiriro, umuriro, guhinda umuriro, kumva ubukonje, inkorora no gusohora igikoma birashobora kugaragara. Kunanirwa, kubura appetit no kuribwa umutwe nabyo birashobora kuboneka.

4. Pneumonie isuzumwa ite?

Isuzumwa rikorwa na muganga, ifoto y’ibihaha (röntgen) no gupima amaraso cyangwa igikoma iyo bibaye ngombwa.

5. Ni ryari nakwiriye kugana muganga?

Niba ufite umuriro mwinshi, inkorora ikomeye, igikoma gihinduye ibara, kubura umwuka cyangwa wumva unaniwe cyane, ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba.

6. Ese zatire ishobora kuvurirwa mu rugo?

Ku barwayi batarembye, gukurikiza imiti n’inama za muganga birashobora gutuma bakira. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bikomeye, uri mu byago byinshi cyangwa uburwayi bukomeye, ugomba kujya mu bitaro.

7. Ni bande bagirwa inama yo gufata urukingo rwa gripa na pneumocoque?

By’umwihariko abafite imyaka irenze 65, abafite indwara zidakira, abafite intege nke z’ubudahangarwa n’abari mu byago byinshi bose bagirwa inama yo kwikingiza. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama hakurikijwe ibyago byawe bwite.

8. Uburyo bwo gukira nyuma ya pneumonie bumeze bute?

Abantu benshi bakira neza mu byumweru bike. Ariko imyaka, indwara zindi cyangwa uburwayi bukomeye bishobora gutuma gukira bitinda. Kuruhuka no kugenzurwa na muganga birakenewe.

9. Ese zatire ishobora kugaruka?

Yego, ku bantu bamwe zatire ishobora kugaruka inshuro nyinshi. Kuba hari ibyago byihishe bishobora kubitera.

10. Ese ingaruka z’inkingo zirakomeye?

Akenshi ni nto kandi z’igihe gito; ushobora kumva ububabare aho watewe urukingo, umuriro muke, cyangwa kunanirwa. Iyo habayeho igisubizo gikomeye, ushobora gushaka ubufasha kwa muganga.

11. Ese kunywa itabi n’inzoga byongera ibyago bya pneumonie?

Yego, kunywa itabi no gukoresha inzoga nyinshi bigabanya ubushobozi bw’ibihaha kwirinda, bityo bikongera ibyago byo kurwara pneumonie.

12. Nanduye zatire, nakora iki ngo nikingire?

Ruhuka, unywe amazi menshi, ukoreshe imiti wagiriwe inama na muganga, wirinde ibikorwa bikomeye kandi wirinde kwegerana n’abandi uko bishoboka kose.

13. Ni ubuhe buryo bwizewe bwo kwirinda zatire?

Kwitabira gufata urukingo, gukurikiza amabwiriza y’isuku, kugenzura neza ibyongera ibyago no kudasiba kugenzura ubuzima ni zimwe mu nzira zizewe zo kwirinda umusonga.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO), Incamake y’indwara y’umusonga n’iraporo mpuzamahanga ku musonga

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC), Umusonga — Kwirinda, Ibimenyetso n’Ubuvuzi

• Umuryango w’Abanyaburayi wita ku buhumekero (ERS), Umusonga: Amabwiriza n’Inama

• Umuryango w’Abanyamerika wita ku buhumekero (ATS), Amabwiriza ku musonga ugaragara mu muryango

• The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Umubare mpuzamahanga n’uw’uturere w’abarwayi bajyanwa mu bitaro kubera umusonga

Kumvikana mu gutwi ni iki?

Kumvikana mu gutwi cyangwa izina ry’ubuvuzi tinnitus, ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe aho umuntu yumva amajwi mu gutwi cyangwa mu mutwe igihe cyose cyangwa rimwe na rimwe, nubwo nta soko y’amajwi yo hanze ihari. Aya majwi akenshi asobanurwa nk’urusaku, gucika intege, guhumeka, urusaku rw’inyoni, Impululu y’umutima, cyangwa urusaku rutandukanye. Aya majwi atumvikana n’abandi bantu bari hafi, ashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’umuntu.

Tinnitus, akenshi igaragara cyane ku bantu bafite imyaka irenze 40, cyane cyane abakuze; ariko ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu bose ndetse n’abana. Buri muntu ashobora kumva urusaku rw’igihe gito rimwe na rimwe, ariko iyo bihoraho bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’ikibazo gikomeye.

Kumvikana mu gutwi byumvikana gute?

Tinnitus, akenshi yumvikana mu gutwi kumwe (iburyo cyangwa ibumoso) cyangwa mu matwi yombi. Hari igihe amajwi yumvikana no mu mutwe. Umuntu ashobora gusobanura aya majwi nk’urusaku, urusaku rw’isaha, urusaku rw’imashini cyangwa amajwi asa n’impululu y’umutima. Imbaraga n’ubwoko bw’aya majwi bitandukana bitewe n’umuntu; kuri bamwe ni make kandi bihita bishira, kuri bamwe bikaba bihoraho kandi bibangamira.

Kumvikana cyane bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwa buri munsi no ku mikorere ku kazi, ndetse mu bihe bikomeye bikaba byateza stress, impagarara n’ibibazo byo gusinzira. By’umwihariko nijoro no mu gihe cy’ituze, urusaku rushobora kwiyongera.

Iby’ingenzi bitera kumvikana mu gutwi ni ibihe?

Tinnitus ishobora guterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye. Impamvu zikunze kuboneka ni izi:

• Kutumva neza: Akenshi biterwa n’imyaka cyangwa kwangirika bitewe n’urusaku rwinshi.

• Kumara igihe kirekire wumva urusaku rwinshi: Urusaku rw’inganda, ibitaramo, imashini zikora, amasasu n’ibindi bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’imbere mu gutwi.

• Indwara z’amatwi: Uburwayi bw’ugutwi bwo hagati, gukusanya amazi mu gutwi cyangwa kwangirika k’uruhu rw’ugutwi bishobora gutera urusaku.

• Umwanda w’ugutwi (bouchon): Gukusanya umwanda mwinshi mu gutwi bishobora gutera tinnitus y’igihe gito.

• Indwara z’imiyoboro y’amaraso: By’umwihariko urusaku ruhuye n’impululu y’umutima (‘pulsatil tinnitus’) rugaragara mu bibazo by’imiyoboro y’amaraso nko kuziba, anevrizime cyangwa umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru.

• Imvune ku mutwe, ijosi no ku mva y’amasaya: Akenshi bifitanye isano n’indwara z’imva y’amasaya (temporomandibular joint).

• Imikoreshereze y’imiti imwe n’imwe (ototoxique): Aspirine nyinshi, zimwe mu miti yica udukoko, diuretique, imiti ya chimiotherapie ishobora kwangiza imitsi y’ugutwi bigatera urusaku.

• Ibibazo bya metabolisme n’ubwonko: Diyabete, indwara za tiroide, anemia, syndrome ya meniere, indwara zimwe z’imitsi n’indwara zo mu mutwe nabyo biri mu byongera ibyago.

• Stress n’impagarara: Nubwo atariyo mpamvu nyamukuru, bishobora kongera urusaku no gutuma bigorana kubyihanganira.

Rimwe na rimwe, ibibazo bikomeye nk’udusabo cyangwa ibibazo by’imiyoboro y’amaraso nabyo bishobora gutera tinnitus.

Amoko ya Tinnitus ni ayahe?

Kumvikana mu gutwi, hashingiwe ku mpamvu n’ubwoko bw’amajwi yumvwa n’umurwayi, bigabanyijemo ibi bikurikira:

• Tinnitus y’umuntu ku giti cye: Ni yo iboneka cyane. Yumvwa gusa n’umurwayi. Akenshi ifitanye isano n’ikibazo cy’uburyo bwo kumva.

• Tinnitus yigaragaza: Yumvwa n’umurwayi ndetse n’uwipimisha akoresheje ibikoresho byabugenewe. Ibaho gake kandi akenshi iterwa n’ibibazo by’imiyoboro y’amaraso cyangwa imikaya (nko mu mitsi yegereye ugutwi).

Bitewe n’imiterere y’ikibazo, urusaku rushobora kuba ruhoraho cyangwa rw’igihe gito, kumvikana mu gutwi kumwe cyangwa yombi, kandi ubwoko n’imbaraga by’amajwi bitandukana bitewe n’umuntu.

Ibimenyetso bya Kumvikana mu Gutwi ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni ukumva amajwi mu gutwi cyangwa mu mutwe nta soko izwi. Hari n’ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara:

• Kutumva neza

• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwibanda

• Ibibazo by’uburinganire

• Abantu bamwe bagira ubushake bukabije ku majwi yo hanze (hyperacusis)

• Ibibazo byo gusinzira no kutisanzura

Rimwe na rimwe, urusaku rushobora kujyana no kuzungera, kumva ugutwi kuzuyemo cyangwa impagarara.

Uko Igikorwa cyo Gupima Kumvikana mu Gutwi Gikorwa

Mu gusuzuma tinnitus, intambwe ya mbere ni ukuganira n’umurwayi no gukora isuzuma ry’ugutwi, izuru n’umuhogo. Muganga abaza igihe bimaze, ubwoko bw’urusaku, niba hari kutumva neza cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso. Nyuma y’ibi;

• Isuzuma ry’uburyo bwo kumva (ibizamini byo kumva)

• Mu gihe bikenewe, isuzuma ryo kwa muganga ukoresheje ibikoresho (nka MRI, CT)

• Ibizamini by’amaraso no gusuzuma uburinganire niba bikenewe.

Izi nzira zifasha kumenya impamvu y’urusaku kandi hakaba hanashobora koherezwa umurwayi mu bindi byiciro by’ubuvuzi.

Uburyo bugezweho bwo guhangana na Kumvikana mu Gutwi

Nubwo gukira burundu tinnitus bitashoboka buri gihe, akenshi birashoboka kugabanya ibimenyetso no kongera ubuzima bwiza. Kuvura bikorwa muri ibi byiciro:

• Kuvura Impamvu Nyamukuru: Gukura umwanda mu gutwi, kuvura indwara z’ugutwi, kugenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso cyangwa indwara za tiroide n’ibindi bikorwa byihariye.

• Kugenzura imiti: Imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka igasuzumwa n’umuganga.

• Ibikoresho byunganira kumva ku bafite kutumva neza: Ku bafite kutumva neza bifatanyije n’urusaku, ibikoresho byunganira kumva bishobora gufasha.

• Ibikoresho bipfuka urusaku (white noise devices): Bifasha kugabanya urusaku; cyane cyane nijoro no mu gihe cy’ituze.

• Terapie y’amajwi n’uburyo bwo guhindura imyitwarire: Terapie yo guhindura imitekerereze, uburyo bwo kuruhuka, kwitekerezaho no kugabanya stress ni amahitamo akomeye mu kugabanya ingaruka z’urusaku.

• Kugira imibereho myiza: Kwirinda urusaku rwinshi, kugira gahunda nziza yo gusinzira, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kurya indyo yuzuye bifasha kugenzura urusaku.

• Ubuvuzi bushyigikira: Rimwe na rimwe, imiti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura burenzeho birakenewe.

• Uburyo bwo kubaga: Rimwe na rimwe, mu gihe hari ikibazo cy’imiyoboro y’amaraso cyangwa imiterere, kubagwa birashoboka.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko tinnitus rimwe na rimwe ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy’indwara ikomeye. Iyo urusaku rumaze igihe kirekire cyangwa rukomeza kwiyongera, ni ngombwa kugana muganga w’inzobere.

Ibishobora Gufasha Kwirinda Kumvikana mu Gutwi

• Koresha ibikoresho birinda amatwi mu bice by’urusaku rwinshi

• Kwirinda kumara igihe kirekire wumva umuziki uri hejuru cyane

• Kwitwararika isuku y’amatwi, wirinda gukoresha utwuma two mu gutwi

• Kugenzura indwara zidakira neza

• Kwirinda gukoresha imiti idakenewe cyangwa utabanje kubimenya

• Kugenzura stress

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Kuki kumvikana mu gutwi bibaho?

Kumvikana mu gutwi, akenshi guterwa no kutumva neza, kumara igihe kirekire wumva urusaku rwinshi, indwara z’ugutwi, gukusanya umwanda mu gutwi, ibibazo by’imiyoboro y’amaraso cyangwa ingaruka z’imiti imwe n’imwe. Hari igihe ntampamvu igaragara iboneka.

2. Kumvikana mu gutwi byiyongera na stress?

Yego, stress ishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bya tinnitus byiyongera no gukomera. Kugenzura stress bifite uruhare runini mu kugenzura urusaku.

3. Kumva urusaku mu gutwi kumwe gusa biteye impungenge?

Kumva urusaku rutunguranye cyangwa ruhoraho mu gutwi kumwe, nubwo bibaho gake, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’ikibazo gikomeye nko udusabo ku mitsi y’ugutwi cyangwa ibibazo by’imiyoboro y’amaraso. Muri ubwo buryo, ni ngombwa kugana muganga.

4. Kumvikana mu gutwi birakira burundu?

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, impamvu y’urusaku iravurwa bigakira. Ariko, mu bindi bihe byinshi, nubwo bitashira burundu, birashobora kugenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye.

5. Ni iyihe miti ishobora gutera kumvikana mu gutwi?

Zimwe mu miti yica udukoko (nko aminoglycosides), imiti ya chimiotherapie, aspirine nyinshi na diuretique zimwe na zimwe bishobora gutera urusaku kubera ingaruka mbi ku gutwi.

6. Ese tinnitus ihora iherekejwe no kutumva neza?

Oya, tinnitus ntihora iherekejwe no kutumva neza. Ariko, iyo hari kutumva neza, ibyago byo kugira urusaku biriyongera.

7. Abantu bafite kumvikana mu gutwi bagana iyihe serivisi?

Mbere na mbere, gusuzumwa n'inzobere mu matwi, izuru n'umuhogo (KBB) birasabwa. Niba bikenewe, ushobora koherezwa mu gikorwa cy'ubuvuzi bw'amatwi cyangwa izindi nzobere.

8. Ni ibiki byagirwa inama kugira ngo ugabanye kumva urusaku mu rugo?

Gushyiraho urusaku ruto rutari urw'ijwi (nk'ijwi rya radiyo, umufana, cyangwa amazi), kugenzura stress, gusinzira bihagije no kwirinda urusaku rwinshi bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso.

9. Imashini zitanga urusaku rutari urw'ijwi zifite akamaro?

Imashini zitanga urusaku rutari urw'ijwi cyangwa ibikoresho bitanga amajwi y'ibinyabuzima bishobora kugabanya uburyo wumva urusaku no gufasha gusinzira neza.

10. Ese ubufasha bw'ubumenyi bw'ubuvuzi cyangwa terapi bikenewe?

Niba urusaku rufitanye isano n'ubwigunge, impagarara cyangwa agahinda gakabije, ushobora kungukira muri terapi y'imyitwarire n'ibitekerezo cyangwa ubufasha bw'ubumenyi bw'ubuvuzi.

11. Ese abana bashobora kugira urusaku mu matwi?

Abana nabo bashobora kugira urusaku mu matwi ariko bibaho gake ugereranyije n'abakuze. Rimwe na rimwe bishobora guterwa no kubura kumva, indwara z'amatwi cyangwa ikintu cyinjiye mu gutwi.

12. Ni ryari nakwiriye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba urusaku rutangiye gutunguranye, mu gutwi kumwe kandi rukomeye, cyangwa rufitanye isano no kubura kumva, isereri cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by’ubwonko, birasabwa kugana inzobere vuba bishoboka.

13. Ese urusaku mu matwi rushobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri?

Rimwe na rimwe, tumori zimwe ziboneka ku muyoboro w’ijwi cyangwa ku gice cy’ubwonko zishobora kugaragazwa n’urusaku mu gutwi. Niba urusaku rumara igihe kirekire, ruri ku ruhande rumwe kandi rugenda rukara, gusuzumwa birakenewe.

14. Ese nyuma yo gukomereka ku mutwe cyangwa ku ijosi hashobora kuvuka tinnitus?

Yego, nyuma yo gukomereka, urusaku mu gutwi no ku mutwe rushobora kubaho; muri ubwo buryo, isuzuma ryimbitse rirakenewe.

15. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura tinnitus bukoreshwa muri iki gihe?

Uburyo bugezweho burimo kuvura indwara ibitera, ibikoresho byongera kumva, terapi y’amajwi, terapi y’imyitwarire n’ibitekerezo, imashini zitanga urusaku rutari urw’ijwi n’impinduka mu mibereho.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (World Health Organization) – Ubumuga bwo kutumva n’ibibazo by’amatwi

• Ishami rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryita ku Buzima (NIH) – Tinnitus: Impamvu, Isuzuma n’Ubuvuzi

• Academie y’Abaganga b’amatwi, izuru n’umuhogo n’ababaga umutwe n’ijosi (American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery)

• Mayo Clinic – Incamake kuri Tinnitus

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abongereza ryita kuri Tinnitus – Amakuru kuri Tinnitus

Zona ni iki?

Zona, izina ryayo rya kiganga ni herpes zoster, iterwa na virusi ya Varisella Zoster (VZV), ikaba indwara yandura igaragarira ahanini mu kuribwa cyane no kugira uduheri twuzuye amazi ku ruhu. Iyi virusi, nyuma yo kurwara imbasa y’amazi mu bwana, ishobora kuguma mu mubiri idakora. Hashize imyaka, iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugabanutse, irongera ikaba nzima igatera indwara ya zona. Uduheri tugaragara ahanini ku gice kimwe cy’umubiri, cyane cyane mu gatuza, umugongo, inda, mu maso cyangwa ku kibuno. Zona ishobora gutera ububabare bukabije ku ruhu, kumva ushya no kuribwa cyane.

Ibimenyetso bya Zona ni ibihe?

Itangira rya zona akenshi riba riri ku ruhande rumwe rw’umubiri, rikumvikanaho ububabare bukabije no kumva ushya. Ibindi bimenyetso by’iyi ndwara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kumva ushya, gukurura no kuribwa aho uduheri turi

• Kumva uruhu rufite uburibwe no kutumva neza

• Kumutuku ku ruhu, bigahinduka vuba uduheri twuzuye amazi

• Ububabare bw’aho uduheri buri no kumva ububabare bwinshi

• Kutihanganira urumuri

• Kugira umuriro mwinshi no kuribwa umutwe

• Kumva unaniwe no kugira intege nke

Uduheri tugaragara nyuma y’iminsi 2–3 uhereye igihe ububabare n’uburibwe bitangiye. Uduheri dushobora kumara iminsi 10–15. Iyo tugiyeho igisebe, kwanduza biragabanuka.

Zona iterwa n’iki?

Zona igaragara ku bantu bamaze kurwara imbasa y’amazi. Ibi biterwa n’uko virusi ya Varisella Zoster ishobora kuguma mu mizi y’imitsi idakora nyuma yo kurwara imbasa y’amazi. Hashize imyaka, iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugabanutse, virusi irongera igakora. By’umwihariko:

• Ku bantu bafite imyaka 60 kuzamura

• Ku bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke (nko ku barwaye kanseri, abahawe ingingo, abarwaye HIV/SIDA)

• Ku bantu bafite umunaniro ukabije cyangwa ibibazo by’amarangamutima

byiyongera cyane. Buri muntu ashobora kurwara zona nibura rimwe mu buzima, ariko kenshi ntisubira. Ku bafite ubudahangarwa buke, ibyago byo kongera kuyirwara biriyongera.

Uburyo bwo Kuvura Zona

Kugeza ubu nta muti uvura zona burundu. Ariko ubuvuzi bugezweho butanga uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka zayo no kwirinda ibibazo bishobora guterwa na yo. Intego nyamukuru y’ubuvuzi ni ugutuma ibimenyetso byoroha no kwirinda ingaruka mbi.

Imiti irwanya virusi, iyo itangiye gukoreshwa mu masaha 72 ya mbere y’ibimenyetso, igabanya kwiyongera kwa virusi no kugabanya igihe cyo gukira. Ni yo mpamvu, igihe ibimenyetso bya mbere bya zona bigaragaye, ari ingenzi kwihutira kugana muganga w’indwara z’uruhu.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, imiti igabanya ububabare, amavuta cyangwa losiyo y’uruhu, ndetse no kwita ku ruhu nyuma yo koga birashobora gutangwa. Kugira ngo ibisebe bitandura, isuku y’uruhu ikoresheje umuti wica udukoko irasabwa kandi kwita ku duheri bigakorwa neza. Iyo umurwayi afite umuriro mwinshi, imiti igabanya umuriro irashobora kongerwa mu buvuzi.

Ububabare bukabije kandi burambye (bushobora kumara amezi cyangwa imyaka) buterwa na zona bwitwa postherpetic neuralgia. By’umwihariko ku bantu bakuze no ku bafite ubudahangarwa buke, hakoreshwa imiti igabanya agahinda, imiti imwe y’imitsi n’udupapuro twihariye tugabanya ububabare.

Abagore batwite barwaye zona bagomba kugisha inama muganga mbere yo gukoresha imiti irwanya virusi. By’umwihariko, abafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bashobora gukenera kuvurirwa mu bitaro bakoreshejwe imiti inyuzwa mu mutsi.

Zona idafite uduheri: Ibimenyetso bigaragaza gute?

Zona idafite uduheri, izwi nka "herpes zoster sine herpete", ni uburyo bwayo budakunze kuboneka. Muri ubu buryo, nta duheri cyangwa udusebe tugaragara ku ruhu, ariko ushobora kumva ububabare bukabije, gushya cyangwa gukurura ku murongo w’imitsi. Nubwo nta gisebe kigaragara, ububabare burambye n’uburibwe bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’umurwayi. Gupima iyi zona bisaba isuzuma rya muganga kandi ubuvuzi bw’ububabare bukorwa nk’uko bisanzwe kuri zona isanzwe.

Ibyo Ukeneye Kumenya ku Kwandura kwa Zona

Indwara ya zona ntikwirakwira ku bantu bamaze kurwara imbasa y’amazi cyangwa abakingiwe imbasa y’amazi. Ariko, umuntu utarigeze arwara imbasa y’amazi cyangwa utarakingiwe, iyo akoze ku mazi ari mu duheri twa zona ashobora kurwara imbasa y’amazi. Zona yandurira mu gukoranaho; ni yo mpamvu abantu bafite uduheri bagirwa inama yo gukingira aho uduheri turi no kugabanya ibyago byo gukoranaho n’abandi. By’umwihariko, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke, abagore batwite n’abana bato cyane bagomba kwirindwa gukorana n’abarwaye zona.

Uburyo bwo Kwirinda Zona n’Amakuru ku Rukingo

Uburyo bwizewe kandi bwizewe bwo kwirinda zona ni urukingo. Inkingo za zona (herpes zoster) zemejwe n’isi yose ndetse na FDA, zigabanya cyane kugaragara kw’indwara no gukomera kwayo. Ku bantu bakuru bafite imyaka 50 kuzamura, cyane cyane hejuru ya 60, urukingo rurashishikarizwa. Urukingo rwa zona rutandukanye n’urw’imbasa y’amazi (varisella) kandi rutangwa inshuro 1–2.

Nyuma yo gukingirwa, hashobora kugaragara ingaruka zoroshye (kuribwa aho bateye urukingo, gutukura, umutwe woroshye, kunanirwa). Izi ngaruka akenshi ntizimara igihe kirekire; ariko, iyo hagaragaye ikindi kimenyetso kidasanzwe, ugomba kugana muganga.

Ibyitonderwa ku Murwayi wa Zona

• Gira isuku kandi ugumane aho uduheri turi humye, wirinde gukurura uduheri.

• Gupfuka uduheri bigabanya ibyago byo kwanduza abandi. Ariko, ibipfukisho ntibigomba gukoraho uruhu rutakomeretse.

• Amavuta ya antibiyotike ntakwiye gushyirwa ku duheri, kuko bishobora gutinza gukira.

• Koresha essuye yoroshye mu isuku kandi ntusangire essuye n’abandi.

• Hitamo imyenda yoroshye kandi ikoze mu ipamba.

• Ukoreshe ubukonje ushyizeho igitambaro hagati, ntukabishyire ku ruhu rutaziguye.

• Irinde kwegera cyane abantu batarakingiwe, abagore batwite, impinja cyangwa abarwaye indwara zikomeye.

• Mu ruhame, witondere isuku y’intoki kandi ntusangire imyenda cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye.

• Irinde imikino ikenera gukoranaho kugeza igihe uduheri tuvuye.

Zona imara igihe kingana iki kandi irasubira?

Akenshi zona imara hagati y’icyumweru 2–4 igakira. Iyo ubuvuzi butangiye, ibimenyetso bigabanuka mu byumweru bibiri. Ariko, ku bantu bakuze cyangwa bafite ubudahangarwa buke, igihe cyo gukira kiriyongera kandi hashobora kuvuka postherpetic neuralgia. Iyo umaze kurwara zona rimwe, gusubira kwayo ni bike, ariko ku bafite ubudahangarwa buke birashoboka. Niba ibimenyetso birambye cyangwa ububabare budashira, ugirwa inama yo kugisha inama umukozi w’ubuzima.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ese zona yandura?

Zona ishobora kwandura ku muntu utarigeze arwara imbasa y’amazi cyangwa utarakingiwe, iyo akoze ku mazi ari mu duheri. Amazi ari mu duheri aba arimo virusi ikora; ni yo mpamvu ugomba kwirinda gukoraho uduheri. Ariko, zona ubwayo ntiva ku muntu umwe ijya ku wundi; ahubwo, iyo umuntu akoze ku duheri, arwara imbasa y’amazi.

2. Ese zona isubira kuri buri wese?

Abantu benshi barwara zona rimwe gusa mu buzima. Ariko, ku bafite ubudahangarwa buke, ibyago byo kongera kuyirwara biriyongera.

3. Nigute menya ko narwaye zona?

Mu ntangiriro, ububabare bukabije aho uduheri tuzagaragara, kumva ushya, gukurura, bikurikirwa n’udusebe ku ruhande rumwe ni byo bimenyetso by’ingenzi. Ku bagize ibi bimenyetso, kugana muganga w’indwara z’uruhu ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara.

4. Kuvura zona bimara igihe kingana iki?

Niba ubuvuzi butangiye kare, ibimenyetso bikunze kugabanuka mu byumweru bibiri. Igihe cyose cy’indwara kiri hagati y’ibyumweru 2–4.

5. Ni iyihe miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura zona?

Imiti irwanya virusi niyo y’ingenzi mu buvuzi. By’umwihariko, iyo itangiye mu minsi itatu ya mbere, irushaho gukora neza. Imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti y’imitsi n’imiti igabanya agahinda irashobora gukoreshwa mu bihe bimwe.

6. Ese ushobora kubana n’umurwayi wa zona mu rugo?

Yego, ariko wirinde gukoraho aho uduheri turi kandi urinde abantu bari mu byago byinshi (abagore batwite, impinja, abafite ubudahangarwa buke).

7. Ese urukingo rwa zona rurinda burundu?

Nta rukingo rutanga ubwirinzi bwa 100%, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko inkingo za zona zigabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara n’ubukana bwayo.

8. Ese zona isiga igikomere?

Nyuma y’uko uduheri dukize, bamwe bashobora gusigarana impinduka ku ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa igikomere gito. Kwirinda gukaraba no kwita neza ku gisebe bigabanya ibyago byo gusigarana igikomere.

9. Kuki ububabare bwa zona bumara igihe kirekire?

Uburwayi bw’imitsi (postherpetic neuralgia) bushobora gutera ububabare burambye kandi bukomeye ku bantu bamwe. Muri ibyo bihe, kuvurwa neza ububabare bishobora kongera ubuzima bwiza.

10. Ese urukingo rwa zona rufite ingaruka?

Nyuma yo gukingirwa, akenshi haboneka ingaruka zoroshye (gukara k’uruhu, ububabare, umuriro muke). Izo ngaruka akenshi zirashira vuba.

11. Ese zona irangwa n’akaga mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Nubwo zona idakunze kuboneka ku bagore batwite, ni ngombwa ko muganga abanza gusuzuma mbere yo gutanga imiti. Mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa, inama ya muganga irakenewe.

12. Zona idafite uduheri isuzumwa ite?

Niba nta duheri dusanzwe tuboneka, gusuzuma biragorana. Niba ufite ububabare bukabije kandi bugarukira ahantu hamwe, kugana inzobere mu mavuriro y’uruhu cyangwa imitsi birafasha.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO), "Herpes Zoster (Shingles) – Fact sheets".

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC), "Shingles (Herpes Zoster)".

• Ihuriro ry’Abanyamerika b’inzobere mu mavuriro y’uruhu, “Shingles: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention”.

• Mayo Clinic, "Shingles: Symptoms and Causes".

• Ishami ry’Uburayi rishinzwe imiti (EMA), "Herpes Zoster vaccines".