Arotakenga: Te Hiranga me te Ihirangi o ngā Arotake Hauora Pūmau
He aha ai me whakahaere ngā Tātari Hauora Auau?
He maha ngā mate ka taea te whanake pōturi, kāore e puta ngā tohu i te wā tōmua. Nā reira, ko te kite wawe i ngā raruraru hauora, he maha ngā wā ka taea mā ngā arotakenga hauora auau i mua i te putanga o ngā tohu. Kia taea ai te noho hauora me te mōhio wawe ki ngā tūraru pea, e taunaki ana kia whiwhi ngā tāngata katoa, ahakoa kāore he amuamu, ki ngā tātari hauora whānui ā-wā — arā, ngā hōtaka arowhai.
He aha te Arowhai, ā, mō wai tēnei?
Ko te arowhai he hōtaka tātari me te arotake pūnaha hei aromatawai whānui i te āhua hauora o te tangata, ahakoa he amuamu, kāore rānei. Ka waihangatia he kete tātari motuhake mā te tangata, e whai whakaaro ana ki te pakeke, te ira tangata, te hītori ā-whānau, ngā āhuatanga ira, te momo noho, me ngā tūraru kei te wātea. Mā konei ka aromatawaihia te hauora whānui o te tangata mā ngā raraunga tūturu, ā, ka taea te tango i ngā kaupare ina hiahiatia.
I ēnei rā, kua whakaae te ao whānui ko ngā hōtaka arowhai tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te aronga hauora kaupare. Ina koa, mō te hunga kei te whānau he hītori o te mate manawa, huka, pēhanga toto teitei, matepukupuku rānei, he tino whai take te kite wawe ki te whakapai ake i te roa me te kounga o te oranga.
He aha ngā Whāinga Matua o ngā Hōtaka Arowhai?
Ko ngā whāinga matua o te arowhai ko ēnei:
Te aromatawai tūturu i te āhua hauora whānui
Te tautuhi i ngā tūraru mate motuhake ki te tangata
Te kite wawe i ngā mate huna, kāore anō kia puta he tohu
Te waihanga i ngā tūtohunga hauora kaupare me te momo noho motuhake ki te tangata
He aha te Take Nui o te Kite Wawe?
I ētahi mate (hei tauira, huka, teitei o te kōrewa, mate roro uaua, ētahi momo matepukupuku), kāore e kitea ngā tohu tauwhāiti i te wā tōmua. Nā reira, ka whai wāhi te arowhai ki te huri i te ahunga o te mate, me te ārai i ngā raruraru hauora nui ake ā muri ake nei. Ina koa, mō te hunga he āhuatanga ira, he mea nui te aroturuki auau me te waihanga mahere tūraru hei tiaki i te hauora.
He aha ngā Tātari me ngā Arotakenga kei roto i te Arowhai?
I ngā hōtaka arowhai, ko ēnei ngā wāhanga matua:
1. Ngā Tātari Toto:
Te tatau toto katoa (hemogram)
Rino, ferritin, te kaha here rino
Ngā taumata B12 me te waikawa folic
Te huka toto (glucose pōkai), HBA1c, taumata insulin
Kōtaha lipid (kōrewa katoa, HDL, LDL, triglyceride)
Ngā whakamātautau mahi thyroid (TSH, FT3, FT4)
Ngā whākōkī mahi ate (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP)
Ngā whakamātautau mahi whatukuhu (urea, creatinine, eGFR)
Vitamin D3 me ētahi atu taumata kohuke/vitamin ina hiahiatia
2. Tātari Mimi:
Te arotakenga mimi katoa, te aromatawai i te hauora whatukuhu me ngā ara mimi
3. Ngā Whakamātautau Hormone Motuhake me te Mate Whakauru:
Te tātari Hepatitis B me C (HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HCV)
HIV, syphilis (VDRL), Prostate (PSA), te smear mō ngā wāhine
4. Ngā Tohu Matepukupuku:
Ngā tohu matepukupuku pērā i te CEA, CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9 mō ētahi momo matepukupuku
5. Ngā Whakamātautau Whakaahua me te Mahi:
Whakaahua pūkahukahu
Ultrasonography puku
Ultrasound thyroid, ū, mamography
Electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, whakamātautau kaha, whakamātautau mahi manawa
Te ine kiato kōiwi, brain MRI, doppler ultrasound ina hiahiatia
6. Ngā Arotakenga Rāngai:
Ngā arotakenga rata i te rāngai ā-roto, cardiology, hauora wahine/tāne, karu, taringa ihu korokoro me ētahi atu rāngai hāngai
He aha ai he Rerekētanga i ngā Kete Arowhai?
Nā te rerekē o te pakeke, te ira tangata, ngā āhuatanga ira me te hītori hauora o ia tangata, ka whakaritea ngā kete arowhai kia hāngai ki te tangata. Ko ētahi kete he tātari toto me te mimi anake, ko ngā hōtaka whānui he whakamātautau whakaahua matatau me ngā aromatawai tūraru motuhake. Ina koa, kei ngā kete motuhake mō te wahine me te tāne, ka uru ngā whakamātautau pērā i te hauora ū, arotakenga gynecological, tātari prostate rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakarite hōtaka motuhake mō te tamariki, kaumātua, hāpū, te hunga mate tūraru rānei.
Te Tukanga Whai muri i te Arowhai: Me pēhea te Aromatawai i ngā Hua?
Kia oti te arowhai, ka arotakengia ngā hua katoa o ngā whakamātautau me ngā arotakenga e ngā rata mātanga. Mēnā kei roto ngā hua i ngā paerewa noa, ka tūtohuhia te aroturuki auau; mēnā ka kitea he raruraru i ētahi uara, ka hiahiatia pea he whakamātautau tāpiri, he panonitanga momo noho rānei. Ka taea te whakarite i te kai, te whakahaere taumaha, te whakapakari tinana auau, me te rongoā rongoā mēnā e tika ana. He tino whai hua tēnei aronga ki te ārai i te whanaketanga o ngā mate me te whakapai ake i te kounga oranga whānui.
Ko wai me pēhea te Auautanga o te Arowhai?
E taunaki ana te nuinga o ngā mana hauora me ngā rōpū rongoā kia kotahi te arowhai ia tau mō ngā pakeke hauora. Engari, mō te hunga tūraru teitei (te hunga he hītori mate pūmau ā-whānau, 35-40 tau neke atu, he mate pūmau, he taumaha mahi/stress rānei), ka taea te whakapoto i te wā arotakenga i runga i te tohutohu a te rata. Ka taea hoki te whakarite hōtaka tātari rerekē mō te tamariki, rangatahi, wāhine hapū, te hunga he āhuatanga hauora motuhake rānei.
Ngā Painga o te Arowhai mō te Hauora o te Tangata me te Iwi
Mā te aroturuki hauora auau, ka taea te kite wawe i ngā mate pūmau, ngā raruraru huna rānei i te tīmatanga tonu. Mā konei, ka poto ake te wā rongoā, ka iti ake te tūraru raruraru, ka piki ake te angitu. Mā tēnei aronga;
Ka tiakina te hauora o te tangata i te wā tōmua.
Ka taea te whakapiki i te kounga me te roa o te oranga.
Ka piki te mātauranga hauora me te mōhiotanga mate i te iwi whānui.
He Tirohanga Whānui ki ngā Kete Arowhai
Ka tukuna e ngā ratonga hauora he kete arowhai whānui hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē o te tangata. Ko ngā kete arowhai e kitea nuitia ana:
Ngā hōtaka arowhai whānui mō te pakeke, te wahine me te tāne
Ngā tātari hauora matua mō te tamariki me te rangatahi
Ngā hōtaka motuhake mō ngā kaiwhakahaere me te hunga mahi taumaha
Ngā kete motuhake mō te matepukupuku, hauora manawa, hauora kōiwi, mate ā-matū
Ngā hōtaka aromatawai taipitopito mō ngā whekau pērā i te puku, whatukuhu, ate, pūnaha manawa
Ngā kete matua mō te hunga e whiwhi ana i ngā ratonga hauora kāinga, he here nekehanga rānei
Ngā hōtaka mō te aromatawai tūraru ira
Ka rerekē pea ngā arotakenga, ngā whakamātautau me ngā tātari kei roto i ia kete. Me tono tohutohu rata kia kitea te hōtaka tino hāngai ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te tangata.
Ngā Whakamārama Māmā mō ngā Tātari Matua i roto i te Arowhai
CEA: Ka whakamahia hei tohu matepukupuku i ngā tātari matepukupuku.
CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9: He tohu āwhina mō te tautuhi me te aroturuki i ētahi momo matepukupuku (ina koa te ovaries, ū, pūnaha puku-ngongo kai).
CRP me te Sedimentation: He tohu mō te mumura, te mate whakauru rānei i te tinana.
Hemogram: Ka mahia hei tātari i ngā uara toto whānui me te anemia.
Ngā Vitamin me ngā Kohuke (B12, D3, waikawa folic, rino, ferritin etc.): He whai pānga ki te ārai mate, hauora kōiwi me te matū tinana; me tango kaupare motuhake ina he ngoikore.
Ngā Whakamātautau Mahi Thyroid me ngā Hormone: Ka āhei te kite wawe i ngā mate thyroid.
Ngā Whakamātautau Mahi Whatukuhu (Creatinine, Urea, eGFR): Ka aromatawai i te kaha tātari me te hauora whānui o te whatukuhu.
Ngā Whākōkī Ate (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT): He tohu mō te hauora ate me te āhua o te whara.
Kōtaha Lipid: He paerewa matua mō te tātari i ngā tūraru mate roro uaua.
Mamography/Ultrasound ū/Smear/PSA: He tino whai wāhi i ngā tātari matepukupuku e hāngai ana ki te ira tangata me te pakeke.
Ngā Tikanga Whakaahua (USG, MR, doppler): Ka whakamahia hei arotake taipitopito i te hanganga me te mahi o ngā whekau.
Ngā Whakamātautau Mahi Hauora: Ka ine i te kaha me te mahi o ngā pūkahukahu.
Ngā Whakamātautau Parapara me te Mimi: He mea nui mō te aromatawai i te oranga o te puku me ngā mahi o ngā whatukuhu.
Ngā Whakamātautau Motuhake (ngā homoni, te rārangi mate pāwera, ngā tohu puku): E whakamahia ana mō te aromatawai mōrearea motuhake.
He pēhea te Tukanga Whakamahi Check-Up?
Ka tīmata te check-up i te kohikohinga kōrero whānui mō te āhua noho me ngā tūraru o te tangata. Ka kohia ngā tauira toto me te mimi, ā, ka mahia ngā whakamātautau whakaahua me ngā whakamātautau mahi e hāngai ana ki te hiahia. Ka whakaurua ngā tirohanga mate pukupuku mō ngā wāhine me ngā tāne, otirā mō te hunga kei runga ake i tētahi tau. Ka whakakotahitia ngā whakamātautau katoa ki te arotake a te rata mātanga, ā, ka waihangatia he mahere hauora motuhake mō te tangata.
Ngā Hipanga Hei Whai i Muri i te Check-Up
Ina oti katoa ngā whakamātautau me ngā arotakenga, ka whakamōhiotia koe e ngā rata mātanga mō ngā hua. Mēnā kei roto ngā hua i ngā pae paerewa, ka tūtohuhia te aroturuki auau; engari mēnā ka kitea he uaua, he rerekē rānei ngā uara, ka taea te whakamahere i ngā whakamātautau hohonu ake, te rongoā, me te whakarerekē i te āhua noho. I muri i te check-up, ka tautokohia koe kia piki ake te kounga o tō oranga mā ngā tūtohutanga kai hauora, mahere korikori tinana, me te rongoā mēnā e tika ana. Ko te check-up tētahi o ngā tīmatanga whaihua rawa mō te hauora ārai.
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. He aha te take nui o te check-up?
Ka āhei te check-up ki te kite wawe i ngā mate kāore anō kia puta he tohu; nā reira ka taea te tīmata wawe i te rongoā me ngā whakarerekētanga āhua noho, kia ārai i ngā raruraru hauora nui.
2. E hia ngā wā me mahi check-up au?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka tūtohuhia kia kotahi i te tau te check-up; engari ka rerekē pea tēnei i runga i te pakeke, te hītori whānau, me te āhua hauora o nāianei. Ka taea e koe te kōrero ki tō rata mō te wā pai rawa atu mōu.
3. Me nohopuku au mō te check-up?
I ētahi whakamātautau toto (pērā i te huka toto nohopuku, te kōtaha hinu), me nohopuku. Ka taea e koe te rapu pārongo taipitopito i mua i te rā o te hui i te whare hauora.
4. I te aha o te pakeke me tīmata te mahi check-up?
Ka taea te whakahaere arotakenga hauora i ngā wā o te tamarikitanga; mō te hunga pakeke, ka tūtohuhia te check-up auau mai i te tekau tau rua. Otirā, mai i te tau 35-40, me whānui ake ngā tirohanga.
5. He tino ārai te check-up ki ngā mate?
Kāore te check-up e ārai tika i ngā mate, engari mā te kite wawe ka nui ake te tūmanako ki te whakaiti i ngā pānga o te mate me te ārai i te whanaketanga.
6. He utu nui te mahi check-up?
Ka rerekē ngā utu mō ngā mōkihi check-up i runga i ngā whakamātautau me te pokapū hauora. Ka tūtohuhia kia kōrero koe ki tētahi mātanga hauora mō tētahi mahere motuhake mōu.
7. Ka taea te kite i te mate pukupuku i te wā o te check-up?
Ka taea e ngā tirohanga check-up te kite wawe i ētahi momo mate pukupuku i mua i te puta o ngā tohu; engari mō te tino whakatau, ka hiahiatia pea ngā whakamātautau hohonu ake.
8. Me tatari kia māuiui au ka mahi check-up?
Kāo. Ka whakaritea te check-up kia kitea ngā mate me ngā tūraru ahakoa kāore he tohu.
9. Mēnā he kino ngā hua o te check-up, me aha au?
Kia noho mārire, ka tino hira te whakawhiti i ngā hua ki tō rata mātanga me te whai i ngā whakamātautau, rongoā rānei kua tūtohuhia. Mā te urupare wawe ka taea te ārai i ngā raruraru.
10. He painga te check-up mēnā he mate mauroa āku?
Āe, he tino hira te check-up mō te hunga he mate mauroa, hei aroturuki i te ahunga me ngā raruraru pea o te mate.
11. He mea tika te check-up mō ngā tamariki?
Āe, he mea nui ngā arotakenga hauora auau mō te aroturuki i te tipu, te arotake kano ārai mate, me te aromatawai mō ngā tūraru pea i te wā o te tamarikitanga.
12. Ēhea rata ka whai wāhi ki te check-up?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakahaerehia e te mātanga rongoā whānui, ā, ka uru mai ngā rātonga pērā i te kākāriki, ngā mate wāhine, te urology, te karu me te taringa, ihu, korokoro mēnā e hiahiatia ana.
13. Ka mahia ngā whakamātautau katoa ki ngā tāngata katoa?
Ka rerekē te whānuitanga o ngā whakamātautau i runga i ngā tūraru me ngā hiahia takitahi. Mā te arotake a te rata ka whakatauhia ngā whakamātautau me te hōtaka tirohanga e tika ana mōu.
14. Ka taea te kite i ngā mate hopuhopu i te wā o te check-up?
Ka taea te whakauru i ngā whakamātautau motuhake mō ētahi mate hopuhopu (pērā i te hepatitis, HIV) ki roto i te hōtaka check-up.
15. Mēnā he tino pai katoa aku hua check-up, me mahi anō au?
Āe, mā te mahi check-up auau ka taea te kite wawe i ngā rerekētanga o te hauora; he mea nui te arotake anō i te mea ka rerekē pea ngā tūraru i roto i te wā.
Ngā Rauemi
World Health Organization (WHO), "Screening and early diagnosis", www.who.int
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Regular Check-Ups Are Important", www.cdc.gov
American Heart Association (AHA), "Know When and How Often to Get Screened"
American Cancer Society (ACS), "Cancer Screening Guidelines"
European Society of Cardiology (ESC), "Prevention and Screening in Cardiovascular Disease"
Peer-reviewed medical journals (The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine)