Mate Manawa: Te Whakamārama, Ngā Tohu me Ngā Tikanga Whakawātea
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He aha te Mate Manawa, ā, Me pēhea te Whakawhanake?
Ko te mate manawa, e kīia ana i te reo rongoā ko te "miyokard enfarktüsü", he raru hauora tino nui e puta ana i te kore e tae atu te toto hāora nui ki te kiko uaua o te manawa nā te aukatinga ohorere, te whāiti rānei o ngā uaua korona e whāngai ana i te manawa. Mā te aukati ohorere i te rere o te hāora me ngā matūkai, ka puta he kino pūtau kāore e taea te whakahoki i roto i ngā meneti ki te kiko uaua o te manawa. Ko tēnei āhuatanga, i te nuinga o te wā, ka hua mai i te pikinga o te hinu, te kōrewa me ētahi atu matū pērā i te "plak" ki ngā pakitara o te uaua, ka whāiti rānei, ka pakaru rānei te pakitara o te uaua, ka puta ai te poketoto. Ki te kore e tere, e tika hoki te āwhina, ka heke te kaha o te manawa ki te pupuhi i te toto, ā, ka puta pea te ngoikore o te manawa ā muri ake nei.
Ko te mate manawa tētahi o ngā take matua o te matenga puta noa i te ao, ā, me tere te āwhina rongoā. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau, ki te kore e rongoāhia te mate manawa i te wā tika, ka puta he kino nui, he kino pūmau hoki ki te manawa.
He aha ngā Tohu o te Mate Manawa?
He rerekē ngā tohu o te mate manawa i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Heoi, ko ēnei tohu e whai ake nei ngā tohu matapae e kitea nuitia ana:
He mamae pēhanga, he mamae kōpeke rānei ki te uma; ka kīia tēnei hei pēhanga, hei taumaha rānei ki te pakitara o te uma.
Ko te horapa o te mamae, te āwangawanga rānei ki te ringa mauī, ki te kaki, ki ngā pokohiwi, ki te tuara, ki te puku, ki te kauae rānei.
Te koretake o te manawa me te uaua ki te manawa.
Te mātao o te werawera, ngā wā ohorere o te werawera.
Te patuki o te manawa, te koretake rānei o ngā patuki o te manawa.
Te āmaimai, te rangirua, te pērā me te hinga.
Te ruaki, te wera o te puku, te koretake o te kai, me ngā amuamu pā ana ki te pūnaha kai pērā i te maremare.
Te ngenge ohorere, te ngoikore, otirā ko te ngenge e puta ana ahakoa kāore i whakapau kaha.
Te pupuhi o ngā waewae, o ngā rekereke rānei.
Ngā patuki tere, koretake, kaha hoki o te manawa.
Te āwangawanga kāore e taea te whakamārama ki te uma, ki te wāhanga runga o te tinana rānei.
Ngā Tohu o te Mate Manawa ki ngā Wāhine
Ka puta pea ngā tohu o te mate manawa ki ngā wāhine ahakoa kāore he tohu mamae uma pērā i te tikanga. Ko ētahi tohu rerekē e kitea nuitia ana ki ngā wāhine ko ēnei:
Te ngoikore roa, kāore e taea te whakamārama te take,
Ngā raruraru moe me ngā āwangawanga (mataku),
Te mamae ki te tuara runga, ki ngā pokohiwi, ki te wāhanga raro o te puku rānei,
Te ruaki, te koretake o te kai me te koretake o te manawa.
Me maumahara ka taea e ngā wāhine te wheako i ngā tohu mate manawa kāore i te tikanga, arā, he rerekē i ngā mea e mōhiotia ana.
Ngā Tohu o te Mate Manawa i te Wā Moe
I ētahi wā ka puta te mate manawa i te wā e moe ana, ā, ka kore pea e mōhiotia. I ngā mate manawa ka puta i te wā moe, ka kitea pea ēnei tohu:
Te oho ake i te pō nā te āwangawanga, te kōpeketanga rānei ki te uma,
Te patuki o te manawa kāore he take,
Te mātao o te werawera me ngā wā ohorere o te werawera,
Te mamae e horapa ana ki te kaki, ki te pokohiwi rānei,
Te āmaimai me te ngoikore ohorere.
He aha ngā Take Matua e Hua ai te Mate Manawa?
I te nuinga o te wā ka puta te mate manawa nā te aukatinga ki tētahi, ki ētahi rānei o ngā uaua korona. Ko ngā tino take o tēnei aukatinga ko ēnei:
Aterosklerosis (te mārō o te uaua): Ka piki haere te hinu me te kōrewa ki roto i te uaua, ka aukati pea i te uaua.
Te whakamahi tupeka me ngā hua tupeka: Ka tino piki te mōrearea o te mate manawa ki te hunga kai tupeka.
Te taumata kōrewa teitei, otirā ko te LDL (te "kōrewa kino") nui rawa.
Mate huka: Ka whakaiti i te ngāwari o te pakitara uaua, ka hua ai te kino ki te uaua.
Te pēhanga toto teitei (hipertansiyon).
Te momona me te kore e kaha ki te kori tinana.
Te āhuatanga ira: Te hītori o te mate manawa, o te mate o te manawa rānei i roto i te whānau.
Te pakeke: Ka piki te mōrearea o te kino ki te hauora o te uaua i te pakeketanga.
Te heke o te homoni östrojen tiaki i ngā wāhine whai menopause.
Te pikinga o ngā tohu mumura i te toto (hei tauira, C-reaktif protein, homosistein).
Hei tua atu, ka taea hoki e te pēhanga ohorere, te kaha o te kori tinana, ngā pakaru ki te pakitara o roto o te uaua, te poketoto rānei te whakaoho i te mate manawa.
He aha ngā Momo Mate Manawa?
Ka wehea ngā mate manawa ki ngā momo rerekē i te ao rongoā:
STEMI (ST Segment Elevasyonlu Miyokard Enfarktüsü): Ka tino aukati te uaua korona, ka puta he kino nui ki te wāhi whānui o te uaua o te manawa, ā, ka kitea he rerekētanga nui i te EKG.
NSTEMI (ST Segment Elevasyonsuz Miyokard Enfarktüsü): Kāore i te tino aukati te uaua korona, engari he tino whāiti, kāore pea e kitea te pikinga ST i te EKG.
Koroner spazm (Unstabil anjina): Ka puta nā ngā kōpeketanga rangitahi o ngā uaua korona. He poto ake te roa, he rangitahi pea, engari me āta arotake.
Me pēhea te Tautuhi i te Mate Manawa?
Ki te whakapae he mate manawa tō te tūroro, me tere, me āta whakahaere te tukanga tautuhi. Ko ngā taputapu tautuhi matua ko ēnei:
Elektrokardiyografi (EKG): Ka arotake i te mahi hiko o te manawa, ka kitea pea ngā rerekētanga motuhake o te mate manawa.
Ngā whakamātautau toto: Otirā ko te ine i te taumata o ngā hāora me ngā pūmua e tohu ana i te kino ki te manawa pērā i te troponin.
Ngā tikanga whakaahua: Ekokardiyografi (EKO), X-ray o te pūkahukahu, i ētahi wā ko te tomografi rorohiko (BT) me te whakaahua irirangi autō (MR).
Koroner anjiyografi: Ka tino whakaatu i te wāhi me te kaha o te aukatinga. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te rongoā.
Me aha i te Wā o te Mate Manawa?
Kia tīmata ana ngā tohu o te mate manawa, he mea tino nui kia tere te mahi. Ko ēnei kaupae e taunakitia ana:
Kia rongo i te mamae uma, te koretake o te manawa, te ngenge ohorere, te ruaki, te mamae e horapa ana ki te ringa mauī, me whakapā wawe ki ngā ratonga hauora ohotata (waea atu ki te ratonga ohotata).
Me noho te tangata, kaua e whakapau kaha, me noho marino.
Mēnā kei te mokemoke, me tono āwhina i tētahi tata, me waiho te kuaha kia wātea kia tere te tae atu a ngā kaimahi hauora.
Me whai i ngā tohutohu rongoā o mua, me tatari ki ngā tohutohu a te rōpū hauora ngaio.
Kaua rawa e tango rongoā mōna ake, e whakapau kaha tinana, e whakakore rānei i ngā tohu mā te kī "tērā pea ka pai ake".
Te Rongoā Mate Manawa: Hea Ngā Tikanga e Whakamahia Ana?
Me arotake, me rongoā wawe te mate manawa. Ko ngā kaupae wawe ka whakatau i te nui o te kino ki te manawa. Ko ngā tikanga rongoā whānui ko ēnei:
Ka hoatu ngā rongoā hei whakatuwhera i te uaua, hei whakarewa poketoto i te wā poto.
Mēnā ka kitea te aukatinga uaua i te koroner anjiyografi, ka mahia te "anjiyoplasti" (pūwāhi pōro) me te whakaurunga "stent" hei whakatuwhera i te uaua.
I ētahi tūroro, ka whakamahia te "bypass cerrahisi" mā te whakamahi i ngā uaua mai i tētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana hei ara hou mō te toto ki tua atu i te wāhi aukati.
Ka whakamaherehia ēnei tukanga katoa e te kairongoā manawa me/te rata pokanga uaua manawa.
I muri i te mate manawa e mōrearea ana te oranga, me whai te tūroro i te rongoā roa me te whakarerekē i te āhua noho. Otirā, me mutu te kai tupeka, me kai hauora, taurite, me whakapakari tinana, me whakahaere i te mate huka me te pēhanga toto, me whakahaere hoki i te pēhanga hinengaro hei whakaiti i te mōrearea.
Hea Ngā Kaupapa Hei Ārai i te Mate Manawa?
Me karo i te tupeka me ngā hua tupeka.
Me whai i te kai hauora, taurite; me karo i ngā kai tukatuka, te kai hinu nui, te tote nui hoki.
Me whakapakari tinana i ngā wā katoa (e taunakitia ana kia 150 meneti i te wiki te whakapakari tinana taumata waenga).
Me whakahaere i te taumaha o te tinana.
Me aroturuki i te pēhanga toto, te huka toto me te taumata kōrewa.
Mēnā e tika ana, me haere tonu ki ngā arowhai hauora me ngā tirohanga a te rata.
Me ū ki te mahere rongoā mō ngā mate pūmau (pērā i te pēhanga toto, te mate huka, te kōrewa teitei).
Ngā Pātai Auau
Ka pā te mamae uma ki te katoa ka pāngia e te mate manawa?
Kāo, he tohu whānui te mamae uma engari kāore pea e pā ki te katoa tēnei tohu. Ina koa ki ngā wāhine, ki te hunga mate huka, ki te hunga kaumātua rānei, ka kitea pea ngā tohu rerekē pēnei i te koretake o te manawa, te ngoikore, te raruraru puku rānei.
He whaihua te tango i te āpirini i te wā o te mate manawa?
Ka whaihua te āpirini ki ētahi o te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate manawa. Engari me tango te āpirini i raro i te aratohu hauora me te tohutohu a te rata, kāore e taunakitia kia tangohia aunoa i ngā wā katoa.
E hia te roa o ngā tohu o te mate manawa?
I ētahi wā ka roa ngā tohu mai i te torutoru meneti ki te torutoru hāora. Ahakoa ka memeha ngā amuamu, kāore te mōrea o te mate manawa e tino ngaro. Nō reira me rapu āwhina hauora tonu i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu.
He ōrite te mate manawa me te mutu o te manawa?
Kāo, ko te mate manawa (mate pokanga uaua manawa), ko te wā e kore ai tētahi wāhanga o te uaua manawa e whiwhi hāora; ko te mutu o te manawa (arā, te aukati manawa) ko te wā ka mutu te patuki o te manawa. Ka taea e te mate manawa te arahi ki te mutu o te manawa.
Me aha mēnā kei te mokemoke i te wā o te mate manawa?
Me karanga tonu i te ratonga ohotata, me tono āwhina i tētahi kei te tata mēnā e tika ana, ā, me noho marino, kāore e neke, kia tae mai rā anō ngā kaimahi hauora.
He aha i rerekē ai ngā tohu o te mate manawa ki ngā wāhine?
Ka puta te mate manawa ki ngā wāhine me ngā tohu rerekē nā ngā rerekētanga ā-hormone, ā-tinana hoki. Ka kitea pea ngā tohu pēnei i te ngoikore, te ruaki, te mamae hoki ki te tuara hei tohu kē atu i ngā tohu tawhito.
He mōrea mate manawa kei te hunga rangatahi?
Āe, ahakoa he onge, ka taea te mate manawa te pā ki te hunga rangatahi nā te āhua ira, ngā āhuatanga mōrearea, ētahi mate hauora rānei.
Āhea ka taea te hoki ki te oranga auau i muri i te mate manawa?
I tēnei wā, me whai i ngā tohutohu a te rata e hāngai ana ki te kaha o te mate manawa me te maimoatanga i whiwhi ai. I te nuinga o te wā ka hoki paku paku ki te auau, ā, he mea nui te aroturuki a te rata.
He aha ngā panonitanga ā-āhua noho e whaihua ana ki te whakaiti mōrea?
Ko te whakarere i te kai paipa, te kai hauora, te korikori tinana auau, te whakahaere i te pēhanga toto me te taumata huka toto, me te ako ki te whakahaere i te pēhanga hinengaro ka tino whakaiti i te mōrea o te mate manawa.
Me aha mēnā he hītori mate manawa i roto i te whānau?
Mēnā he hītori mate manawa i roto i tō whānau, me tino aro ki tō āhua noho hei whakaiti i te mōrea, ā, me haere auau ki te arotake a te rata.
Ka taea te kite i ngā raruraru puku hei tohu mate manawa?
Āe, ina koa ki ētahi tūroro, ka taea te ruaki, te koretake o te puku, te mamae, te wera rānei ki te puku te tohu o te mate manawa.
Ka pā te panonitanga taumaha ki te mōrea mate manawa?
Ko te pikinga, te hekenga rānei o te taumaha kāore e taea te whakamārama, ka taea te whakaoho i te mate manawa i te wā roa. He mea nui te pupuri i te taumaha hauora.
Ka taea te kite i te mōrea mate manawa mā te arotake hauora?
Ko ngā arotake hauora auau me ngā tirohanga whānui, ka taea te kite wawe i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō te mate manawa, ā, ka āwhina ki te tango i ngā kaupae ārai.
Ngā Rauemi
Te Rōpū Hauora o te Ao (WHO) – Ngā Mate Cardiovascular
Te Rōpū Manawa o Amerika (AHA) – Ngā Tohu me te Tautuhinga o te Mate Manawa
Te Rōpū Cardiovascular o Uropi (ESC) – Ngā Aratohu mō ngā Mate Coronary Tere
Ngā Pokapū mō te Whakahaere me te Ārai Mate (CDC) – Tirohanga Whānui ki te Mate Manawa
Ngā aratohu me ngā rangahau hou i whakaputaina ki te Lancet me te Journal of the American College of Cardiology