Te Huka Toto: Ngā Pānga ki te Oranga mai i te Taurite Pūngao o te Tinana

He aha te Huka Toto me te Mahi ki te Tinana?

Ko te kūkūkohe, he momo huka tino hira hei whakarato pūngao ki tō tātou tinana. Ka whiwhi te tinana i te kūkūkohe mai i ngā kai ka kainga, ka kawea mā te rere toto ki ngā pūtau katoa, ā, ka whakamahia mō te whakaputa pūngao. Ko te huka toto (kūkūkohe toto) e tohu ana i te nui o te kūkūkohe kei roto i te rere toto. Ina tino piki tēnei taumata, ka pā kino ki ngā kiko maha o te tinana. Nō reira, he pūnaha whakahaere matatini kei te tinana hei taurite i te taumata huka toto. Ko te hormone insulini e tukuna ana e ngā pūtau beta o te pākere, ka tīmata te mahi ina piki te huka toto; ka whakangāwari i te urunga o te kūkūkohe ki ngā pūtau, ā, ka whakahoki i te huka toto ki ngā paerewa noa.

He aha ngā Taumata Huka Toto Hauora?

I te hunga hauora, ka noho te huka toto i te nuinga o te wā ki waenga i te 70-120 mg/dl. Heoi, me maumahara ka rerekē ēnei uara i ētahi wā nā ngā take rerekē. I te mate huka, nā te hekenga, te ngoikore rānei o te whakaputanga insulini, ka piki te huka toto. Kāore e tika kia aromatawaihia te taumata huka toto mō te tātaritanga mate mā te kotahi anake te ine. Nō reira, ka whakamahia hoki te whakamātautau HbA1c e whakaatu ana i te toharite huka toto o ngā marama e toru kua pahure. Ina kei waenga i te 6% me te 6.5% te HbA1c, ka kīia he "pūmate huka" (huka huna), ā, ina kei runga ake i te 6.5%, he tohu nui mō te tātaritanga mate huka.

He aha te Huka Toto Waimarie me te Huka Toto Whai Kai, ā, Me pēhea te Ine?

Ka rerekē te nui o te kūkūkohe i roto i te toto i runga i te āhua o te tangata, mēnā kei te hiakai, kua kai rānei. Ko te huka toto waimarie, ko te uara ka inehia i muri i te 8-12 hāora kāore he kai. Ko te huka toto whai kai, ko te taumata kūkūkohe ka inehia i muri i te 2 hāora i muri i te kai. Ka whai kiko ēnei inenga e rua mō te huka toto iti (hipokarukī), me te huka toto teitei (hiperukarukī).

Ngā Paerewa Uara Huka Toto Waimarie

I te hunga hauora, ka noho te huka toto waimarie ki waenga i te 70-100 mg/dl. Ko ngā uara i raro iho i te 60 mg/dl ka kīia he hipokarukī (huka iti), ā, tērā pea ka hiahiatia he āwhina rongoā. Ina piki te huka toto waimarie ki runga ake i te 125 mg/dl, ka puta te whakapae mō te mate huka.

Ngā Uara Huka Toto Whai Kai

Ka inehia te huka toto whai kai i te nuinga o te wā i muri i te 2 hāora i muri i te kai, ā, me noho i raro iho i te 140 mg/dl. Ko ngā uara i waenga i te 140-200 mg/dl e tohu ana i te pūmate huka, ā, ko ngā uara i runga ake i te 200 mg/dl e tohu ana i te mate huka.

Me pēhea te Ine i te Huka Toto?

Ka taea te ine huka toto ki te kāinga mā te tauira toto iti noa. Mā ngā taputapu glukometere e whakamahia ana i te kāinga, ka tukuna he pata toto mai i te matimati ki runga i te rīpene ine, ā, ka puta te hua i roto i ētahi hēkona. He tino hira ēnei taputapu mō te hunga mate huka hei āhei ki te aroturuki auau. I te hunga e whakamahi ana i te insulini, ka tūtohuhia kia whā ngā inenga ia rā.

I te hōhipera, ka tangohia te tauira toto, ka inehia ki te taiwhanga. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te "whakamātautau manawanui kūkūkohe ā-waha" (OGTT) mō te tātaritanga. I tēnei whakamātautau, ka inehia te huka toto waimarie i muri i te pō kāore he kai, kātahi ka inu i tētahi wai kei roto he kūkūkohe, ā, ka inehia anō te huka toto i muri i te 2 hāora. Ka taea e te hunga hauora te whakahoki i te huka toto ki te paerewa mā te āwhina a te insulini, engari i te hunga mate huka ka noho teitei tonu ēnei uara.

Ngā Mea Me Aro i te Ine Huka Toto Waimarie me te Whai Kai

Hei ine huka toto waimarie, me noho kāore he kai mō te 8-12 hāora. Nō reira, ka inehia i te nuinga o te wā i te ata i muri i te pō kāore he kai. Ko te huka toto whai kai me inehia i te 2 hāora i muri i te tīmatanga o te kai. Ko te 2-3 hāora te wā pai mō te ine; ka raru pea te tika o te ine i muri i te 4 hāora.

He aha ngā Take Matua o te Pikinga o te Huka Toto?

He maha ngā take o te pikinga o te huka toto waimarie, whai kai rānei. Ko te kai koretake (ina koa te nui o te warowaihā me te ngako), te noho noho, te kore mahi tinana, te ahotea mauroa, me ētahi āhuatanga ira ko ētahi o ēnei. Ko te mate huka tonu tētahi o ngā tino take. Ko te kore whai i ngā rongoā me te maimoatanga insulini i te hunga mate huka ka piki hoki te huka toto.

Me pēhea te Taurite i ngā Uara Huka Toto?

He mea nui te kai hauora, te kai i ngā wā iti, maha hoki, me te mahi hākinakina auau hei pupuri i te taurite o te huka toto. Ina koa, ka tūtohuhia kia hīkoi i te iti rawa 5 rā ia wiki. I ngā āhuatanga pērā i te mate huka momo 1 kāore e whakaputa insulini te pākere, me tino whai rongoā me te maimoatanga insulini.

Ngā Uara me te Aroturuki Huka Toto i ngā Tamariki

He rerekē ngā paerewa uara huka toto i ngā tamariki i ērā o te pakeke, ā, ka rerekē i runga i te pakeke. I ngā pēpi hou me ngā kōhungahunga, ko te huka toto waimarie 90-170 mg/dl, ko te huka toto whai kai 120-200 mg/dl. I ngā tamariki 2-8 tau, ko te huka toto waimarie 80-160 mg/dl, ko te whai kai 110-190 mg/dl; i ngā tamariki kei runga ake i te 8 tau, ko te waimarie 80-130 mg/dl, ko te whai kai 110-170 mg/dl. I ngā tamariki e whānau mai ana me te kore insulini, he tino hira te tīmata wawe i te maimoatanga insulini me te ine auau ia rā.

He pēhea ngā Uara Huka Toto i te Pakeke?

I te hunga pakeke, ko te huka toto waimarie 70-100 mg/dl, ko te huka toto whai kai 70-140 mg/dl e kīia ana he paerewa. Ko ngā uara i raro iho i te 60 mg/dl he hipokarukī, ā, tērā pea ka hiahiatia te maimoatanga rongoā. E 20-30 mg/dl te rerekētanga toharite i waenga i ngā uara paerewa huka toto o te tamariki me te pakeke.

Ngā Uara me te Whakahaere Huka Toto i te Hunga Mate Huka

I te hunga mate huka, ahakoa waimarie, whai kai rānei, he teitei ake te huka toto i te paerewa. I te mate huka momo 1, kāore te tinana e whakaputa insulini, ā, me whakawhirinaki ki te werohanga insulini. I te mate huka momo 2, ka kitea te ngoikore o te pānga insulini, he pānga ki te pakeke, te taumaha nui, te hītori whānau, me te ahotea. I te hunga mate huka momo 2, ka taea te whakahaere huka toto mā te kai hauora, te mahi auau, me te rongoā/insulini i raro i te tirotiro a te rata. I te hunga momona, i ētahi wā ka whai wāhi ngā pokanga (hei tauira, pokanga mō te momona) ki te maimoatanga. He mea nui kia aroturukihia tonutia ngā whakamātautau toto me te noho i raro i te tirotiro a te rata hei whakaiti i te mōrea o te kino ki ngā whekau.

Te Huka Toto me ngā Mate Mauroa

Ka pā te mate huka me ētahi atu mate mauroa ki te hauora whānui o te tinana me ngā tukanga maimoatanga o ētahi atu mate. Ina koa, ka taea e te mate huka te whakapiki i ngā raruraru i te maimoatanga, te whanaketanga rānei o ētahi momo matepukupuku, nō reira he tino hira te whakahaere auau o ngā mate mauroa.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. He aha te huka toto?

Ko te huka toto te taumata kūkūkohe e rere ana i roto i tō tātou toto. Ka whakarato pūngao ki te tinana, ā, he mea nui kia noho ki roto i ngā paerewa mō te hauora.

2. Kia hia ngā hāora kāore he kai ka inehia te huka toto waimarie?

I te nuinga o te wā, ka inehia te huka toto waimarie i muri i te 8-12 hāora kāore he kai. I tēnei wā, me inu wai anake.

3. He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te huka toto waimarie me te whai kai?

Ka inehia te huka toto waimarie i muri i te wā roa kāore he kai, ā, ka inehia te huka toto whai kai i te 2 hāora pea i muri i te kai. Ko te rerekētanga, e whakaatu ana i te āheinga o te tinana ki te whakamahi kūkūkohe whai muri i te kai.

4. He aha ngā tohu o te pikinga o te huka toto?

Ko te haere auau ki te wharepaku, te hiainu, te ngenge, me te ngaronga taumaha kāore e taea te whakamārama ka pā ki te huka toto teitei. Ina puta ēnei tohu, he mea nui te toro ki te rata.

5. He aha te mea e mōrearea ai te huka toto iti (hipokarukī)?

Ina tino iti te huka toto, kāore e taea te tuku pūngao ki te roro; ka pā te hinga, te rū, tae atu ki te koma. Me tere te āwhina i tēnei āhuatanga.

6. Me pēhea te ine huka ki te kāinga?

Mā te taputapu glukometere motuhake, ka inehia te huka toto mā te pata toto mai i te matimati. Ka puta te hua i roto i ngā meneti ruarua noa.

7. He aha ngā whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana mō te tātaritanga pū o te mate huka?

Kāore e ranea te kotahi anake te ine huka toto. Ka whakamahia te huka toto waimarie, whai kai, HbA1c, me te whakamātautau manawanui kūkūkohe ā-waha (OGTT) mēnā e hiahiatia ana.

8. He aha ngā mea me aro mō te huka toto hauora?

Me kai taurite, me mahi hākinakina auau, me whakahaere i te ahotea, me kaua e wareware ki ngā arotakenga a te rata.

9. He aha te huka toto pai mō ngā tamariki?

Ka rerekē te huka toto i ngā tamariki i runga i te pakeke. Hei tiki i te paerewa tika, me ui ki tō rata i runga i te pakeke me te hauora o tō tamaiti.

10. Me pēhea te aroturuki i te huka toto ia rā mō te hunga mate huka?

Te nuinga o te wā, e taunaki ana kia whā ngā inenga i te rā, engari ka rerekē tēnei tau i runga i te āhua hauora o te tangata. Me whakarite te mahere maimoatanga e te rata.

11. He aha ngā hapa ka puta i te inenga huka toto?

Ka puta pea ngā uara hē nā te whakamahi i te wā hē, te whakamahi i ngā rīpene/kāri hē, te kino rānei o te taputapu. Me ui ki te hunga ngaio hauora mēnā he rangirua.

12. Me pēhea te whakahaere i te whanaketanga o te mate huka?

He mea nui ngā arotakenga hauora auau, ngā tikanga noho hauora, me te ū ki te mahere maimoatanga hei ārai i ngā raruraru pea o te mate huka.

13. Ka pā te huka toto teitei ki ētahi atu mate?

Āe, mēnā kāore e whakahaerehia te huka toto teitei, ka pā kino ki te manawa, ngā rautaki toto, ngā whatukuhu, ngā karu me te pūnaha io.

14. Me aha mēnā kei te whakamahi au i te rongoā, i te insulini rānei, engari kei te teitei tonu taku huka?

Me whakapā tonu atu koe ki tō rata. Tērā pea me whakarerekē te rahinga rongoā, te mahere maimoatanga rānei.

15. He ara hei ārai i te mate huka?

Ko te kai taurite, te korikori tinana auau, te whakahaere taumaha, me te arotakenga auau a te rata mō te hunga kei te mōrearea, ka taea te ārai, te whakaroa rānei i te whanaketanga o te mate huka.

Ngā Pūtake

• Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO): Ngā kōrero mō te mate huka

• Te Pokapū Manaaki me te Ārai Mate o Amerika (CDC): Ngā Tīmatanga o te mate huka

• Te Rōpū Mate Huka o Amerika (ADA): Ngā Paerewa Manaaki Hauora mō te Mate Huka

• Te Kotahitanga Mate Huka o te Ao (IDF): Te Atlas Mate Huka

• Te Hautaka New England Journal of Medicine, Arotakenga Mate Huka