Umuzwa Wokushisa Ezinweleni: Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nezindlela Zokuphatha

Iyini Umuzwa Wokushisa Ezinyaweni?

Umuzwa wokushisa ezinyaweni, kwezinye izimo uba mncane, kanti kwabanye uba sobala kakhulu futhi uphazamisa. Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala ngokwanda kokushisa nokuqaqamba esithendeni senyawo, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kunganweba kufike ezithweni noma emilenzeni. Ukushisa nokuqaqamba kungaqhubeka njalo noma kwehle ngezikhathi ezithile noma kuphele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizwa efana nokuluma noma ukuluma kungavela kulezi zindawo.

Iyini Isifo Sokushisa Ezinyaweni?

Esibhedlela, lesi simo saziwa nangokuthi "i-Grierson-Gopalan syndrome", futhi sivame kakhulu ukuzwakala esithendeni senyawo, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi singanweba kufike ezithweni noma emilenzeni. Lesi sifo siveza isimo sokwanda kokushisa okuphazamisayo ezinyaweni, ukushisa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuhambisana nokuluma noma ukuluma. Ubukhulu bezikhalo buhluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kuba sobala kakhulu ebusuku futhi kungaphazamisa ikhwalithi yokulala.

Isimo sokuba nesimo esibucayi sokuthinta ezinyaweni sibizwa ngokuthi "hyperesthesia" futhi siyimpawu evamile kulesi sifo. Ngezansi kunohlu lwezimpawu ezivamile ezihambisana nalesi sifo:

• Ukushisa noma umuzwa wokushisa okwanda ikakhulukazi ebusuku

• Ukuluma noma ukuluma ezinyaweni noma emilenzeni

• Uhlungu olubukhali, oluhlaba noma olufana nokufakwa ummese

• Umuzwa wokuba nzima noma ubuhlungu obuthambile ezinyaweni

• Ukubomvu esikhumbeni nokwanda kokushisa

• Ukuzwela ngokweqile ekuthintweni

Ubukhulu nobude bezimpawu bungahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Omunye angase abe nomuzwa wokushisa ongapheli futhi ophansi, kanti omunye angase azwe lobu buhlungu ngezikhathi ezithile kodwa obukhulu kakhulu.

Yini Ebanga Umuzwa Wokushisa Ezinyaweni?

Izimbangela ezinkulu zokushisa ezinyaweni ziqala ngokulimala kwezinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi "neuropathy". Ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela eside noma labo abangenakho ukulawula ushukela egazini, kuba njalo kakhulu. Ukulimala kwezinsizwa, noma kungabikho noma yiluphi uhlobo lwelonda, kudala ukuthunyelwa kwezimpawu zobuhlungu ezingalungile ebuchosheni; lokhu kungabonakala njengokuluma, ukuluma noma ukushisa ezinyaweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izimo ezingabangela ukushisa ezinyaweni:

• Isifo samaphaphu esingapheli

• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa ngenxa yokulimala kwezinsizwa ezincane esikhumbeni (small fiber neuropathy)

• Ukuntuleka kwe-B12, folate noma i-B6 vitamin

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile

• Ukuncipha kwehomoni ye-thyroid (hypothyroidism)

• Izifo ezifana nesifo sika-Lyme

• Izifo zesikhumba ezifana nesifo sezinyawo zomsubathi

• HIV/AIDS

• Ukuqoqwa kwamaprotheni angavamile ezinzweni (amyloid polyneuropathy)

• Izikhathi zokwelashwa nge-chemotherapy

• Ukweqisa kwe-B6 vitamin

• Imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile

• I-eritromelalgia ehambisana nokwandiswa kwemithambo yezandla nezinyawo

• Ubungozi bokutheleleka ngensimbi enzima efana nomthofu, imercury, noma i-arsenic

• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo (vasculitis)

• Izimpendulo ezingavamile zesistimu yokuzivikela emzimbeni ezithweni ezithile (sarcoidosis)

• Izifo zezinzwa ezifana ne-Guillain-Barre syndrome kanye ne-chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)

Kwezinye izimo, imbangela yokushisa ezinyaweni ayikwazi ukunqunywa ngokuqondile ngisho nangemva kokuhlolwa okubanzi.

Kungani Ukushisa Ezinyaweni Kuba Kukhulu Ebusuku?

Umuzwa wokushisa ezinyaweni ungazwakala kakhulu ebusuku. Ngemva komsebenzi wosuku noma ngenxa yezimbangela ezilula ezifana nokutheleleka okuncane, kungase kube nokushisa okwesikhashana, kodwa uma lokhu kuphindaphinda futhi kuqhubeka, kungaba uphawu lokulimala kwezinsizwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukushisa ezinyaweni ebusuku kungaphazamisa ukulala nokuthola ukuphumula okuhle. Nazi izindlela ezilula ezingasiza ukunciphisa lesi simo:

• Ukubeka unyawo emanzini afudumele (angashisi kakhulu) imizuzu engu-10-15

• Ukuphumula imilenze nokuyiphakamisa

• Ukusebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma amakhrimu ngokwelulekwa udokotela

• Ukwenza umyego omnene

Ukutholakala Kwezimbangela Zokushisa Ezinyaweni

Kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela esemqoka yomuzwa wokushisa ezinyaweni ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okufanele. Kodwa akuhlali kulula ukukala ukushisa noma ubuhlungu ngendlela engathathi hlangothi. Izindlela ezilandelayo ziyasetshenziswa ekutholeni isifo:

Umlando wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uqoqe imininingwane eningiliziwe ngesimo sakho sezempilo, imithi oyisebenzisayo kanye nezimpawu ozibonayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwendawo ethile kuhlola ama-reflexes, izimpawu zokutheleleka noma izinguquko esikhumbeni.

Ukuhlolwa kwemisipha nezinsizwa: I-Electromyography (EMG) ikala umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha futhi isiza ukuthola izinkinga ezingaphansi kwemisipha noma izinsizwa. Ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokudlulisela kwezinsizwa nakho kuhlola amandla okudlulisela kwezinye izinzwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuhlola amazinga kashukela, amazinga ama-vithamini, ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye ne-thyroid. Uma kudingeka, ukuhlolwa komchamo noma uketshezi lwemgogodla nakho kungenziwa.

I-biopsy yezinzwa: Uma kunzima ukuthola isifo, kwesinye isikhathi kuthathwa isampula elincane lesitho senzwa ukuze lihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Nokulandela Ezikufanele Ukushisa Ezinyaweni

Ekuphathweni kokushisa ezinyaweni, inhloso enkulu ukuthola imbangela esemqoka bese kwakhiwa isu lokwelapha elihambisana nayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ukushisa kubangelwa i-diabetic neuropathy, ukulawulwa kashukela egazini kanye nokuvimbela ukulimala kwezinsizwa kuba yinto ebalulekile, kanti uma kubangelwa isifo sesikhunta, kusetshenziswa amakhrimu okulwa nesikhunta.

Uma ukwelashwa okuqondene nembangela kungenzeki noma imbangela ingatholakali, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezigxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila komuntu nasekunciphiseni izimpawu. Izeluleko ezijwayelekile nezinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukugcwaliswa kwama-vithamini atholakala engekho (ikakhulukazi i-B12, B6, folate) ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ngudokotela

• Ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile

• Uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa nge-dialysis ezimweni zesifo samaphaphu

• Ukuthola usizo lwehomoni efanele uma kunokuntuleka kwehomoni ye-thyroid

• Ukudla, imithi noma ukwelashwa nge-insulin kubantu abanesifo sikashukela

• Uma kudingeka, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma ama-merhem aphezulu

Isifo sokushisa ezinyaweni asiyona into esongela impilo ngokuqondile; kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi singaphazamisa induduzo yansuku zonke nokulala. Ukwelashwa okwenziwa umuntu ngamunye, izeluleko zikadokotela kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kungaholela emiphumeleni emihle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yini ebangela umuzwa wokushisa esithendeni senyawo?

Umuzwa wokushisa enyaweni uvame ukubangelwa ukulimala kwezinsizwa (neuropathy), ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, isifo sikashukela, noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Futhi izifo zesikhunta, ezinye izifo zokuguquka komzimba noma imiphumela emibi yemithi kungaba yimbangela.

2. Ingabe ukushisa ezinyaweni kungaphela ngokwakho?

Ngokuya ngembangela, kwezinye izimo kungaba kwesikhashana; kodwa uma kubangelwa ukulimala kwezinsizwa noma isifo esithinta umzimba wonke kungaba njalo. Uma ukushisa kuqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi kunzima, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

3. Yiziphi izinto ezingenziwa ekhaya uma kunezimpawu zokushisa ezinyaweni?

Ezimweni ezilula, ukuphumula unyawo, ukugwema izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukugcina unyawo lumanzi, ukubeka unyawo emanzini afudumele futhi ukukhetha izicathulo ezifanele kungasiza. Uma izikhalo ziba sobala, akufanele uqale ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.

4. Kungani umuzwa wokushisa ezinyaweni uba mkhulu ebusuku?

Izinsizwa ziba sezingeni eliphezulu lokuzwela ebusuku, izinguquko ekusakazekeni kwegazi kanye nokuthi ukunaka kuncike kwezinye izinto emini, kwenza ukushisa kuzwakale kakhulu ebusuku.

5. Yiziphi izifo ezingabonakala ngokushisa ezinyaweni?

I-diabetic neuropathy, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid, isifo samaphaphu, izifo zesikhunta, ezinye izifo zezinzwa kanye nezifo zokuzivikela emzimbeni kungabangela ukushisa ezinyaweni.

6. Yiziphi izimo okufanele ngithintane nodokotela?

Uma ukushisa ezinyaweni kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukulahlekelwa amandla, ukuluma okungapheli, ubunzima obukhulu bokuhamba, izikhalo ezisheshayo, izilonda noma izimpawu zokutheleleka esikhumbeni, kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

7. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa uma kunezimpawu zokushisa ezinyaweni?

Ngemva kokuthola umlando wakho wezempilo, udokotela angahlela ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinzwa nemisipha, noma uma kudingeka, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma i-biopsy yezinzwa.

8. Ingabe ukuthatha ama-vithamini kuyasiza ekushiseni ezinyaweni?

Kubantu abatholakala benokuntuleka kwamavithamini kuphela, ukwesekwa ngamavithamini ngendlela efanele ngokwelulekwa udokotela kungasiza.

9. Ingabe ukushisa kwezinyawo kubangela umonakalo ongapheli?

Uma inkinga eyisisekelo, njengokuphazamiseka kwemizwa okubangelwa ushukela osezingeni eliphezulu, ingatholakali ngesikhathi futhi ingelashwa, kungase kube nomonakalo ongapheli emithanjeni yemizwa.

10. Ingabe ukushisa kwezinyawo kwenzeka ezinganeni?

Yize kungavamile, ezinye izinkinga zokuguquguquka kwezinto emzimbeni noma ezemizwa zingabangela ukushisa kwezinyawo ezinganeni. Kulokhu, kudingeka ukuhlolwa udokotela wezingane.

11. Ingabe ukushisa kuba kuyo yonke unyawo noma ezindaweni ezithile kuphela?

Kungenzeka kube khona isimo esithinta kokubili isithende sonyawo, noma kusabalale ukuya esihlakaleni nasemlenzeni. Indawo nezinga lokusabalala kwezimpawu kunganikeza umkhondo mayelana nobangela.

12. Yiziphi ezinye izitho zomzimba lapho kungavela khona umuzwa ofanayo?

Izingalo nezinyawo ezingezansi, ngisho nakwezinye izimo emikhonweni, kungavela umuzwa wokushisa noma wokuthuthumela. Lezi zimpawu zingakhombisa ukubandakanyeka kwemizwa eminingi emzimbeni noma isifo esithinta umzimba wonke.

Imithombo

• World Health Organization (WHO): Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges

• American Diabetes Association (ADA): Diabetic Neuropathy Position Statement

• American Academy of Neurology (AAN): Small Fiber Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Guidelines

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): Peripheral Neuropathy Information

• Mayo Clinic: Burning Feet (Medical Review, 2023)