Ulwazi Lwawo Wonke Umuntu, Noma Kuphi

Yini Ukuphuma Koketshezi Okuvela Esithweni Sangasese Sowesifazane?

Ukuphuma koketshezi okuvela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kuyisimo esingokwemvelo noma kwesinye isikhathi okungaba uphawu lwezinkinga zempilo, okungahlangabezwana nakho empilweni yabesifazane. Izinguquko kumbala, iphunga noma ukujiya koketshezi kungaba uphawu lwesifo sokutheleleka noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Uma kuqapheleka ushintsho olungajwayelekile koketshezi, ikakhulukazi uma kunephunga noma ukubukeka okuhlukile, ukuxhumana nochwepheshe bezempilo kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuphuma Koketshezi Esithweni Sangasese Sowesifazane?

Ukuphuma koketshezi okuvamile kuyinqubo yemvelo ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni nasekuvikeleni isitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ubuningi boketshezi bunganda ngenxa yokuvuswa ngokocansi, isikhathi sokukhululwa kwamaqanda, ukuzivocavoca, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okulawula inzalo noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, uma ibhalansi yemvelo yamagciwane esithweni sangasese sowesifazane iphazamiseka, kungavela uketshezi olungajwayelekile nolungakhululekile. Izimbangela eziyinhloko ezingathinta le bhalansi yilezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi equkethe ama-antibiotic noma ama-steroid

• I-bacterial vaginosis (ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma abanabalingani abaningi bocansi)

• Amaphilisi okulawula inzalo

• Umdlavuza wesibeletho

• Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezifana ne-chlamydia, gonorrhea

• Isifo sikashukela

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsipho ezinephunga, ama-lotion, i-bath foam noma ukugeza ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

• Ukutheleleka kwendawo ye-pelvis ngemva kokuhlinzwa

• Isifo se-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

• Ukutheleleka kwe-trichomonas

• Ukuwohloka nokoma kwezindonga zesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokungabe kusaveli iminyaka yokuya esikhathini (vaginal atrophy)

• I-vaginitis (ukucasuka esithweni sangasese sowesifazane noma ezungezile)

• Ukutheleleka yisikhunta

Izifo Ezivamile Zesitho Sangasese Sowesifazane Nezimpawu Zazo

I-Bacterial Vaginosis

Inhlobo yokutheleleka okuvame kakhulu esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Akugcini njalo ngokuba nezimpawu, kodwa uma zivele, kuvame ukuvela iphunga elingathandeki, elibukhali elifana nelinhlanzi, noketshezi olumpunga noma olumhlophe. Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bocansi kwandisa ingozi.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Trichomonas

I-trichomonas vaginitis idalwa i-parasite eyodwa ebizwa nge-Trichomonas vaginalis futhi ivame ukudluliselwa ngocansi. Ngezinye izikhathi ingadluliselwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nethawula noma i-swimsuit. Ingabangela uketshezi oluphuzi noma oluhlaza, olunephunga elibi; kungahambisana nokuluma, ubuhlungu, ukubomvu nokushisa. Kwezinye izimo azibonakali izimpawu.

Ukutheleleka Kwesikhunta (Candidiasis)

Kule nkinga evame kakhulu kwabesifazane, uketshezi kuvamise ukuba mhlophe, kufane nobisi olushisiwe, kungabi nephunga noma kube nephunga elincane. Ukuluma nokushisa kuvame kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-antibiotic, isifo sikashukela, ukukhulelwa, ukucindezeleka namaphilisi okulawula inzalo kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.

I-Gonorrhea ne-Chlamydia

Zombili lezi zifo zithathelwana ngocansi futhi zivame ukuhambisana noketshezi oluphuzi, oluhlaza noma olungacacile.

Isifo se-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Lesi sifo sivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane adluliselwa ngocansi, futhi singabangela uketshezi oluningi, olunephunga elingathandeki kanye nobuhlungu endaweni ye-pelvis.

I-Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Nomdlavuza Wesibeletho

I-HPV yigciwane elingadluliselwa ngokocansi. Ngezinye izikhathi lingadlulela ngaphandle kwezimpawu; uma selidlulele kumdlavuza wesibeletho, kungavela uketshezi olunegazi, olunsundu noma olumanzi, olunephunga elibi elihlukile. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwe-Pap smear kanye ne-HPV kuvumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi nokuvimbela.

Izinhlobo Zokuphuma Koketshezi Esithweni Sangasese Sowesifazane Nezimo Ezivamile

Ukuphuma koketshezi kungaba nezincazelo ezahlukene ngokuya ngombala, ubuningi kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nakho:

• Ukuphuma Koketshezi Okumhlophe Futhi Okujiye: Kunganda ekuqaleni noma ekupheleni komjikelezo futhi kuvame ukuba okuvamile; kodwa uma kuhambisana nokuluma noma ukujiya okukhulu, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka kwesikhunta.

• Ukuphuma Koketshezi Okucacile Futhi Okumanzi: Kuvamile ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuzivocavoca noma ezikhathini ezithile zomjikelezo.

• Ukuphuma Koketshezi Okucacile Futhi Okufana Nomucu: Kuvela ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwamaqanda, kuyinto yemvelo.

• Ukuphuma Koketshezi Okunsundu Noma OkuneGazi: Kuvamile ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokuya esikhathini. Kodwa uma kuvela ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukusola ukukhulelwa noma kuphindaphindeka, kufanele kuhlolwe. Ngezikhathi ezithile kungaba uphawu lwezifo ezinzima ezifana nomdlavuza wesibeletho noma we-endometrium.

• Ukuphuma Koketshezi Okuphuzi Noma Okuluhlaza, Okunephunga: Kungaba uphawu lwezifo ezifana ne-trichomonas; kuvame ukuhambisana nokuluma, ukushisa uma uchama nokuchama kaningi.

Ezinye Izimpawu Okufanele Uzinake Uma Zihambisana Nokuphuma Koketshezi

Kwezinye izimo, ukuphuma koketshezi kungahambisana nezinye izimpawu eziyixwayiso. Uma zikhona lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphezulu

• Ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi

• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki

• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo

• Ukuchama kaningi

Yiziphi Izivivinyo Ezenziwa Uma Unenkinga Yokuphuma Koketshezi?

Uma uya esikhungweni sezempilo, udokotela wakho uzobuza imininingwane ngezinkinga zakho, umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini kanye nempilo yakho yezocansi. Imininingwane ebalulekile ebuziwe yile:

• Isikhathi sokuqala nokuhlala kokuphuma koketshezi

• Izici ezifana nombala, ukujiya kanye nephunga

• Izimpawu ezihambisana nakho ezifana nokuluma, ubuhlungu, ukushisa

• Inani labalingani bocansi kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela

• Ukuba khona kokugeza ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Ngemva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-gynecological futhi uma kudingeka kuthathwe amasampula esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, esibelethweni noma koketshezi ukuze kufunwe amagciwane athile. Kwezinye izimo, kwenziwa izivivinyo ze-HPV noma umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Iyini Indlela Yokwelapha Ukuphuma Koketshezi Esithweni Sangasese Sowesifazane?

Ukwelashwa okuzosetshenziswa kuya ngesizathu sokuphuma koketshezi:

• Ekuthelelekeni kwesikhunta kuvame ukusetshenziswa amakhrimu, ama-suppository noma amajeli e-antifungal endaweni.

• Ekulashweni kwe-bacterial vaginosis kungasetshenziswa ama-antibiotic aphuzwayo noma asetshenziswa endaweni.

• Ukutheleleka kwe-trichomonas kwelashwa ngemithi ye-antiprotozoal ephuzwayo.

• Ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi, kungadingeka ukuthi bobabili abalingani belashwe ndawonye.

Kubalulekile ukuhlonza isimo esikhona nokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele ngokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Izeluleko Zokuvikela Ukuphuma Koketshezi Esithweni Sangasese Sowesifazane

• Hlanzeka kahle endaweni yesitho sangasese sowesifazane usebenzisa amanzi afudumele kanye nensipho ethambile njalo.

• Gwema izinsipho ezinephunga, ama-lotion noma amafutha anamakha, ama-bath foam kanye nokugeza ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

• Uma uhlanza emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, hlanzeka usuka phambili uye emuva.

• Khetha izingubo zangaphansi ezenziwe ngotshani noma eziphefumulayo futhi ugweme izingubo eziqinile kakhulu.

• Qaphela izindlela zokuzivikela ezifanele ezimeni zezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-gynecological okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kodokotela kubalulekile ekutholeni nasekuvimbeleni izinkinga kusenesikhathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukuphuma koketshezi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kujwayelekile?

Ukuphuma koketshezi ngobuningi obuthile futhi okucacile noma okumhlophe kancane kuvame ukuba okuvamile. Kodwa uma umbala, iphunga noma ukujiya kushintsha, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokuluma, ukushisa noma ubuhlungu, kufanele kuhlolwe.

2. Ukuphuma koketshezi okungajwayelekile kubukeka kanjani?

Uketshezi okungajwayelekile kungaba kuphuzi, okuluhlaza, onsundu noma okumpunga futhi kungaba nephunga elibi.

3. Kungani ukuphuma koketshezi kungaba nephunga elibi?

Ukuphuma koketshezi okunephunga elibi kuvame ukubangelwa i-bacterial vaginosis, ukutheleleka kwe-trichomonas noma ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

4. Kufanele ngibone muphi udokotela uma nginenkinga yokuphuma koketshezi?

Kufanele ubone udokotela wezifo zabesifazane nowokubeletha (gynecologist).

5. Kungani kuphuma uketshezi onsundu ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini?

Ukukhulelwa, izinguquko zamahomoni, izifo zesibeletho noma zesibeletho sangasese sowesifazane noma ezinye izifo zokutheleleka kungaba yimbangela. Izimbangela ezinzima kodwa ezingavamile ezifana nokungabi nenzalo noma umdlavuza nazo zingaba khona.

6. Ingabe ukusebenzisa ukugeza ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuyingozi?

Ukugeza ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kungaphazamisa i-flora yemvelo futhi kwandise ingozi yokutheleleka, ngakho akukhuthazwa.

7. Ingabe ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kungadlula ngokwakho?

Kwezinye izimo ezilula kungadlula ngokwakho, kodwa imvamisa imithi yokwelapha inikeza imiphumela esheshayo nephumelelayo.

8. Ingabe ukuphuma koketshezi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kungaba uphawu lokukhulelwa?

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhulelwa kungase kube nokwanda kokukhishwa okujwayelekile. Kodwa uma kukhona ukukhishwa okunephunga elingajwayelekile noma umbala ongajwayelekile, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.

9. Ngingazivikela kanjani ekukhishweni kwangaphakathi?

Ukuqaphela imikhuba yokuhlanzeka, ukugwema imikhiqizo enamakha, ukukhetha izingubo zangaphansi ezenziwe ngokotini nokugwema ubudlelwano obungavikelekile kuyizinyathelo zokuvikela.

10. Ingabe ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza?

Yize kungavamile, ikakhulukazi uma ukukhishwa kunegazi noma kunombala onsundu, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesibeletho noma we-endometrium. Lezi zimpawu kufanele zithathwe ngokubaluleka futhi kubonwe udokotela.

11. Kumele ngenzeni uma ukukhishwa kuhambisana nobuhlungu besifuba neshisa?

Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukutheleleka okukhulu; kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

12. Kumele kwenziweni uma ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi kuphindaphinda njalo?

Ezimweni eziphindaphindayo, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa kwezimbangela ezingaphansi, futhi uma kudingeka, kunconywa ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside noma ukulandela. Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wakho.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO): Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs).

• CDC (Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo): Ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi - Nini okufanele ubone udokotela.

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): Ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi.

• Mayo Clinic: Ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi – Yikuphi okuvamile, yikuphi okungavamile?

Iyini i-Vithamini D3?

I-vithamini D3 iwumuthi obalulekile odlala indima enkulu ekuvikeleni impilo yethu jikelele nasekulawuleni imisebenzi eminingi ye-biological emzimbeni. Umsebenzi wayo owaziwa kakhulu ukuqina kwezinsini zamathambo, kodwa inemiphumela ebanzi kusukela ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba, ukusebenza kwemisipha, impilo yengqondo kanye nokulawulwa kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-metabolism. Ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi le vithamini itholakale ngokwanele emzimbeni.

Izici Eziyisisekelo ze-Vithamini D3

I-vithamini D3, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cholecalciferol, iyifomu le-vithamini D elisebenza kakhulu emzimbeni. I-vithamini D inezinhlobo ezimbili zemvelo: i-D2 (ergocalciferol) ne-D3 (cholecalciferol). I-D2 ivamise ukutholakala ezitshalweni, kanti i-D3 ikhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu lapho isikhumba sithintwa yilanga futhi itholakala ngokwemvelo kwezinye izithako ezivela ezilwaneni. Ifomu le-D3 lingasetshenziswa kahle kakhulu emzimbeni ngokomsebenzi we-biological.

I-vithamini D3 iyavunyelwa emafutheni futhi ingena emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokumuncwa kwamafutha esiswini esincane. Ibuye yaziwe ngokuthi "i-vithamini yelanga"; ngoba isikhumba sikwazi ukukhiqiza i-vithamini D3 ngokwemvelo lapho sithintwa imisebe ye-UVB yelanga. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokuguqulwa kwe-7-dehydrocholesterol esikhumbeni ibe yi-D3.

Yiziphi Izindima Eziyigugu Emzimbeni?

I-vithamini D3 idlala izindima ezibalulekile eziningi emisebenzini yomzimba. Phakathi kwazo:

• Ukukhula nokuba namandla kwezicubu zamathambo

• Ukubuyiselwa kabusha nokulungiswa kwamathambo

• Ukulawulwa kokuncipha kwemisipha

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose egazini ku-metabolism yamandla

• Ukusekelwa kwamangqamuzana amasosha omzimba

I-vithamini D3, ikakhulukazi ngokusiza ukumuncwa kahle kwe-calcium ne-phosphorus esiswini, isiza ukuthi lezi zithako zisetshenziswe empilweni yamathambo namazinyo.

Ukuntuleka Kwayo Kungaholela Kwaphi?

Ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 emzimbeni kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Izimo ezingavela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 yilezi:

• Ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwamathambo kanye ne-rickets ezinganeni (amathambo aba buthaka futhi ashintshe ukuma)

• Okomdala i-osteomalacia (ukulahlekelwa kwe-mineral namathambo aba buthaka)

• Kwabadala i-osteoporosis (ukwehla kobuningi bamathambo nokwanda kwengozi yokuphuka)

• Ukuba buthaka kwemisipha, ukuvela kwemivimbo yemisipha

• Ukuba buthaka kwesistimu yokuzivikela kanye nokuthambekela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo

Itholwa Kanjani I-Vithamini D3?

Imithombo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-vithamini D3 ihlanganisa ukukhanya kwelanga, ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni kanye nezithasiselo zokudla ezelulekwa uma kudingeka.

Ukukhanya Kwelanga

Ukusebenzisa ilanga ukuhlangabezana nesidingo se-vithamini D3 emzimbeni kunikeza inzuzo eyingqayizivele. Lapho isikhumba sithintwa imisebe ye-UVB, i-7-dehydrocholesterol esikhumbeni iguqulwa ibe yi-pre-D3 bese kuba yi-vithamini D3 esebenzayo (cholecalciferol) ngenxa yokushisa komzimba. Ukuze i-vithamini D3 ikhiqizwe kahle, kudingeka ukuba umuntu athole ukukhanya kwelanga njalo, kuye ngohlobo lwesikhumba, iminyaka kanye nendawo akuyo. Kulabo abangakwazi ukuthola ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele, ingozi yokuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 iyanda.

Imithombo Yokudla

Imithombo yemvelo ye-vithamini D3 itholakala kakhulu emikhiqizweni yezilwane. Ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zansuku zonke, lezi zinhlobo zokudla zibalulekile:

• Inhlanzi enothe ngamafutha (njenge-salmon, sardine, mackerel)

• Isibindi

• I-yolk leqanda

• Ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi eqinisiwe (ushizi, ibhotela)

• Inyama ebomvu

I-vithamini D3 ingangezwa kwezinye iziphuzo zamasereal nakwezinye izithako. Kodwa inani elitholakala kokudla akuvamile ukuba liphakeme njengalelo elitholakala elangeni noma ezithasiselweni.

Izithasiselo Zokudla

Kulabo abangatholi i-vithamini D3 eyanele ekudleni, abangatholi ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele noma abanezinkinga ezithile zempilo, kungasetshenziswa izithasiselo ze-vithamini D3 ngokwelulekwa udokotela. Lezi zithasiselo zivame ukutholakala njengezimpuphu noma amakhepsuli, zisetshenziswa ngendlela nodokotela ayinqumayo. Ukusebenzisa izithasiselo ngaphandle kokwelulekwa kungaholela ekubeni yingozi, ngakho-ke kufanele zithathwe kuphela ngokwelulekwa kwezokwelapha.

Igalelo le-Vithamini D3 Empilweni

I-vithamini D3 isekela impilo yomuntu ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokocwaningo lwesayensi, izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:

-Isiza Ukuvikela Impilo Yamathambo Namazinyo

-Iqinisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium; ngaleyo ndlela isekela amandla namandla wamathambo namazinyo. I-vithamini D3 eyanele isiza ukuvikela izifo zamathambo ezifana ne-osteoporosis, rickets kanye ne-osteomalacia.

-Isekela Imisebenzi Yemisipha

-I-vithamini D3 edlala indima ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwamangqamuzana emisipha, ingasiza ikakhulukazi ekwehliseni ubuthakathaka bemisipha kanye nengozi yokuwela kwabadala.

-Isekela Ukuqina Kwesistimu Yokuzivikela

-Isekela imisebenzi yamangqamuzana amasosha omzimba, ngaleyo ndlela isize umzimba ukuba ube namandla okuzivikela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo.

-Inomthelela Omuhle Empilweni Yengqondo

-Ucwaningo oluthile lukhombisa ukuthi amazinga aphansi e-vithamini D3 angahlotshaniswa nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokudangala. Ukuqinisekisa amazinga anele kungase kusekele isimo sengqondo esihle.

-Isebenza Ekugwemeni i-Rickets Ezinganeni

-Kubantwana abasakhula, i-vithamini D3 ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwamathambo futhi uma itholakala ngokwanele isiza ukuvikela i-rickets.

Ubudlelwano Nezifo Ze-Metabolism Nezifo Ezingapheli

Kukhona ucwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi i-vithamini D3 ingaba nomphumela wokuvikela ezimeni ezifana nengozi ye-diabetes, impilo yezitho zenhliziyo, nezifo ezithile eziphindaphindayo (isb. i-multiple sclerosis). Kodwa kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukuze kutholakale izinga eliqondile lokuvikela.

Ukubaluleka Kwayo Ekhulelweni Nasekubeni Ncelisa

Izinga elanele le-vithamini D3 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa libalulekile empilweni yomama nengane. Ukuntuleka kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga zokukhulelwa. Isidingo sezithasiselo kule nkathi kufanele sinqunywe udokotela ngokwezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Ukuntuleka Kwe-Vithamini D3 Kubonakala Kanjani?

Ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 kuvame ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhathala, izinhlungu emisipheni nasemathanjeni, izifo eziphindaphindayo, ubuthakathaka bamathambo noma izinkinga zokukhula ezinganeni. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-25-hydroxy D vitamin kunikeza isiqinisekiso. Uma kunokuntuleka, udokotela uqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Amanothi Abalulekile Nezingozi

Njengoba ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 kuyingozi, ukuthatha ngokweqile nakho kungaba yingozi. Ukuthatha i-vithamini D3 ngokweqile kungaholela ekwandeni kwe-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia) okungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe ezindlala noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Isinqumo sokuthatha izithasiselo kufanele sithathwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 kubonakala kanjani?

Ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 kuvame ukubonakala ngokukhathala, izinhlungu zamathambo nemisipha, kanye nokugula njalo. Kodwa ukuqinisekiswa kudinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale izinga le-vithamini.

2. I-vithamini D3 itholakala kuphi ngokwemvelo?

I-vithamini D3 itholakala ngokwemvelo ikakhulukazi ezinhlanzini ezinothe ngamafutha, esibindini, ku-yolk leqanda, ebisini nasemikhiqizweni yobisi. Ukukhanya kwelanga nakho kuyimithombo yemvelo ebalulekile.

3. Iyini inani le-vithamini D3 elidingekayo nsuku zonke?

Isidingo sansuku zonke siyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu, iminyaka, izimo zokuphila kanye nezimo zempilo ezikhethekile. Izikhungo eziningi zomhlaba jikelele ziveza ukuthi abantu abadala badinga phakathi kuka-600-800 IU ngosuku. Ukunquma umthamo ofanele kufanele kwenziwe ngokubonisana nodokotela.

4. Ingabe kudingeka ukubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izithasiselo ze-vithamini D3?

Yebo, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izithasiselo ze-vithamini D3 kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuze kutholakale ukuntuleka kanye nomthamo odingekayo, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela.

5. Ingabe ukukhanya kwelanga kwanele ukukhiqiza i-vithamini D3?

Kubantu abaningi, ukuthola ukukhanya kwelanga njalo nangokuqondile kwanele ukukhiqiza i-vithamini D3 edingekayo emzimbeni. Kodwa kulabo abangakwazi ukuthola ilanga ngokwanele (njengabahlala ezindaweni ezivaliwe, asebekhulile noma abanesikhumba esimnyama) kungadingeka izithasiselo ezengeziwe ze-vithamini D3.

6. Ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini D3 kungaholela ziphi izinkinga zempilo?

Ukuntuleka kungaholela i-rickets ezinganeni, i-osteomalacia kubantu abadala kanye ne-osteoporosis kwabadala. Kuphinde kubangele ukwehla kwamandla amasosha omzimba, izifo eziphindaphindayo, izinhlungu zemisipha namathambo.

7. Kwenzekani uma izinga le-vithamini D3 liphezulu kakhulu?

Ukudla ngokweqile kungaholela ekwandeni kwekhalisiyamu egazini okubizwa ngokuthi i-hiperkalsemi. Lesi simo singaba nezingozi ezithile empilweni, ikakhulukazi empilweni yamathumbu omchamo. Kubalulekile ukuthi isinqumo sokusebenzisa izithasiselo sithathwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela.

8. Yiziphi izigaba zabantu ezisengozini enkulu yokushoda kwevithamini D3?

Abantu asebekhulile, labo abahlala ezindaweni ezivaliwe, abanesikhumba esimnyama, abanezinkinga zokudla, abesifazane abancelisayo nabakhulelwe kanye nalabo abanezifo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona basengozini enkulu yokushoda kwevithamini D3.

9. Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo zevithamini D3 ngaphandle kwempilo yamathambo?

Ingase isize ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba, ekusekeleni ukusebenza kwemisipha, ibe nomthelela omuhle kwezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo futhi ibe nendima yokuvikela kwezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona.

10. Ingabe kufanele kunikezwe izingane izithasiselo zevithamini D3?

Ngokwelulekwa udokotela, kungadingeka ukunikeza izithasiselo zevithamini D3 ezinganeni ezikhulayo kanye nezingane ezincane. Umthamo nendlela yokusebenzisa kunqunywa udokotela.

11. Ingabe abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathathe ivithamini D3?

Esikhathini sokukhulelwa, izinga elanele le-vithamini D3 libalulekile empilweni yomama kanye nengane. Umthamo nobuningi bokusebenzisa kufanele kunqunywe ngokubonisana nodokotela.

12. Yini ubudlelwano phakathi kwevithamini D3 nesifo sikashukela?

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izinga elanele le-vithamini D3 lingakhuphula ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi lisize ekulawuleni ushukela egazini. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kukashukela kusekelwa ukudla, ukuzivocavoca kanye nemithi. I-vithamini D3 ingangezwa kuphela njengokweseka.

13. Ingabe ivithamini D3 ibalulekile empilweni yamazinyo?

Yebo, ivithamini D3 eyanele isekela ukumuncwa kwekhalisiyamu futhi inegalelo ekuvimbeleni izifo zamazinyo namathambo amazinyo.

14. Ingabe ivithamini D3 ingatholakala emithonjeni yezitshalo?

Ivithamini D3 itholakala ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yezilwane. Izitshalo ziqukethe ikakhulukazi i-vithamini D2. Kubantu abangadli imikhiqizo yezilwane, izithasiselo zevithamini D3 zingatholakala ikakhulukazi kumafomu avela kuma-microalgae noma kumakhowe.

15. Ingabe izithasiselo zevithamini D3 ziphephile kwabancelisayo?

Ngokuvamile, ziphephile uma zisetshenziswa ngemithamo elulekwa udokotela futhi zingadlulela nobisi lukamama. Abesifazane abancelisayo abafuna ukuthatha izithasiselo kufanele benze kanjalo ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) – Ishidi Lamaqiniso le-Vithamini D

• US National Institutes of Health – Ishidi Lamaqiniso le-Vithamini D lochwepheshe bezempilo

• Endocrine Society – Imihlahlandlela Yokusebenza Kwezokwelapha ngeVithamini D

• Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health – Umthombo Wokudla: Vithamini D

• Mayo Clinic – Vithamini D: Izinzuzo Nezidingo

Iyini Ukuluma?

Ukuluma, eyaziwa ngokuthi "pruritus" kwezokwelapha, yisimo esivamile esingavela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba noma kuwo wonke umzimba. Noma imvamisa kuba lula futhi kudlula ngokushesha, kwezinye izimo kungaba nzima futhi kuqhubeke ngendlela engathinta kabi impilo yansuku zonke. Nakuba ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nenkinga yesikhumba, kungavela futhi njengesibonakaliso sezifo noma izimo ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici zokuluma nokuthola usizo lochwepheshe ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo olufanele lokuphatha.

Iyini Imizwa Yokuluma? Ibonakala Kanjani?

Ukuluma kudala umuzwa ongemuhle esikhumbeni, ongabonakala njengokushisa noma ukubaba. Ngezinye izikhathi kungacasula njengobuhlungu futhi kwehlise kakhulu izinga lempilo yomuntu. Ukuluma okuqhubekayo kungaholela ezinkingeni zokulala, ukulimala kwesikhumba, ukuhoxiswa emphakathini kanye nokukhathazeka ngokwengqondo. Izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukubomvu noma imihuzuko esikhumbeni ezihambisana nokuluma zinganikeza imikhondo ngesizathu esiyisisekelo.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuluma?

Izimbangela zokuluma zibanzi kakhulu. Izimo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa izifo zesikhumba, ukusabela kokungezwani, izifo zamagciwane, izifo zesikhunta, ukungalingani kwamahomoni, izifo zesibindi noma zomzimba, izifo zethyroid, ingcindezi kanye nezizathu zengqondo. Futhi, imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile, ukushoda kwegazi, izifo zomzimba (isb. isifo sikashukela, izifo zegazi, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza) kanye nezizathu zemvelo kungadala ukuluma.

Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwezifo Zesikhumba Nokuluma

Ukuluma kuvame kakhulu njengophawu lwezifo zesikhumba. Isikhumba esomile, i-eczema (i-dermatitis), i-urticaria (ukushiswa), izifo zesikhunta kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane (isb. isifo sika-scabies) yizimbangela ezivamile zokuluma okukhulu esikhumbeni.

• Isikhumba Esomile (Xerosis): Ukuphela kwesikhumba, ukuqhekeka, kuvame ukubonakala ezandleni, emikhonweni nasemilenzeni. Isimo sezulu esibandayo noma esomile, ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo njalo kanye nokungaphuzi amanzi okwanele kungavusa isikhumba esomile.

• I-Eczema: Isifo sesikhumba esingapheli esihambisana nokuluma, ukubomvu kanye nezinye izikhathi nezilonda ezigcwele amanzi.

• Isifo Sika-Scabies: Ukutheleleka okubangelwa yimpethu ebizwa ngokuthi Sarcoptes scabiei, okuvela ngokuluma okukhulu ikakhulukazi ebusuku, futhi kuyathathelwana.

• I-Urticaria: Isimo esibonakala ngokuvuvukala okushesha nokuqhamuka kokubomvu esikhumbeni, okuhambisana nemihuzuko enokuluma okukhulu kodwa edlula ngokushesha.

Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwezifo Zangaphakathi Nokuluma

Ukuluma akubangelwa kuphela izinkinga zesikhumba; kungavela nasezifo zesibindi, zomzimba, zethyroid, zegazi kanye nezinye izifo zangaphakathi.

• Izifo Zomzimba: Uma imisebenzi yomzimba ingasebenzi kahle (ikakhulukazi uma kunokwehluleka komzimba okuqhubekayo), kungavela ukuluma okuvame kakhulu esikhumbeni.

• Izifo Zesibindi: I-Jaundice, i-cirrhosis kanye nokuvinjelwa kwemithambo yamafutha kungaholela ekulumeneni esikhumbeni namehlo aphuzi.

• Izinkinga Zethyroid: Kokubili ukusebenza kancane (hypothyroidism) noma ngokweqile (hyperthyroidism) kwe-thyroid kungadala ukuluma. Ikakhulukazi, izimpawu ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuguquka kwesisindo nokulahlekelwa izinwele zingavela kanye nokuluma.

• Isifo Sikashukela Nezifo Zegazi: Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma izifo zegazi, kungavela ukuluma okuvame noma okungaphakathi endaweni ethile.

Izimpawu Zokuluma Nezimo Okufanele Uqaphele

Ubukhulu bokuluma, isikhathi sokuqhubeka kwaso, isikhathi sokuvela (isb. ukwanda ebusuku) kanye nezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nakho kubalulekile ekuhlolweni. Ukuphuzi noma ukubomvu kwamehlo noma isikhumba, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, buthakathaka, ukuvuvukala noma ukubomvu kungabonisa izifo ezingaphansi.

Ukuluma Okubangelwa Uhlelo Lwamasosha Omzimba (Neurogenic) Kanye Nokuluma Okubangelwa Ingqondo

Kwezinye izimo, imbangela yokuluma ingaba wuhlelo lwezinzwa. Ikakhulukazi ukuluma okuvela endaweni ethile, okuhambisana nomuzwa wokushisa noma ukucasuka, okuvame ukuvuselelwa ingcindezi nokukhathazeka, kubhekwa njengokuluma kwengqondo noma okwe-neurogenic. Izinkinga zokulala nazo zivame ukubonakala.

Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwezimbangela Zokuluma?

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqonda imbangela yokuluma ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe izikhalo kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uma kudingekile, lezi zivivinyo ezingezansi zingacelwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele (ukuhlola izifo zegazi)

• Amazinga ensimbi, amavithamini

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, somzimba kanye ne-thyroid

• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani (ikakhulukazi uma kusolwa ukusabela kokungezwani)

• Isithombe se-X-ray sesifuba (ikakhulukazi uma kunezimpawu ezifana nokukhula kwamathumba noma ukuluma okungachazeki)

• Ezinye izivivinyo ezidingekayo zocwaningo kanye nezokuvivinya

Kuyelulekwa ukuthi wonke umuntu obhekene nokuluma aqale axhumane nodokotela. Ukuthola imbangela kungathatha isikhathi, ngakho kubalulekile ukuba nesineke nokulandela izincomo ngokucophelela.

Kuphathwa Kanjani Futhi Kwelashwa Kanjani Ukuluma?

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kokuluma ukuthola isizathu esiyinhloko esibangela ukuluma. Impumelelo yokwelashwa ixhomeke ekutholeni kahle imbangela nasekuyisuseni. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zimi kanje:

• Ukuluma Okubangelwa Ukungezwani: Uma imbangela kungukungezwani, imithi ye-antihistamine enconywa udokotela kanye namakhrimu asetshenziswa endaweni yokuluma (ama-topical agents) angasetshenziswa.

• Izindlela Ezihloselwe Izifo Zesikhumba: Ukusebenzisa njalo imikhiqizo evikela futhi emanzisa isikhumba, ukukhetha insipho nemikhiqizo yezimonyo efanele, nokugqoka izingubo zemvelo nezikhululekile kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile.

• Amakhrimu/Imithi Ye-Corticosteroid Noma Ezinye: Imithi enconywa udokotela yezifo zesikhumba; kufanele kuqapheleke ngemiphumela emibi.

• Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yomzimba Wonke: Kwezinye izimo, imithi ye-antidepressant noma eminye imithi yomzimba wonke ingasetshenziswa.

• I-Phototherapy (Ukwelashwa Ngokukhanya): Ikakhulukazi ekulumeneni okuqhubekayo, kungasetshenziswa ngokwelulekwa udokotela wesikhumba.

• Ukuluma Okubangelwa Ingqondo: Ukuphatha ingcindezi, ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo kanye nokwelashwa kwezingqondo uma kudingekile kubalulekile.

Izinyathelo Ezilula Ongazithatha Ekhaya

• Gwema izinto ezibangela ukuluma kanye nezindwangu ezicasulayo,

• Sebenzisa imanzisi enobumnene, engenaphunga futhi engabangeli ukungezwani,

• Gwema ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo ngokweqile, ugeze ngamanzi afudumele,

• Gwema ukuluma isikhumba njalo, ugcine izinzipho zifushane futhi uma kudingeka usebenzise amagilavu ebusuku,

• Gcina umswakama wendawo (ukusebenzisa umshini wokufutha kungasiza),

• Khetha izingubo ezilula nezibandayo,

• Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha ingcindezi ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukwelulekwa,

• Qaphela ukuhlanzeka kokulala.

Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Kanye Nezinkinga Zokuluma

Ukuluma okukhulu noma okuqhubekayo (imvamisa okudlula amasonto ayisithupha), kungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwekhwalithi yokuphila. Ukuluma njalo kungadala ukulimala kwesikhumba, ukutheleleka kanye nokwakheka kwezibazi. Futhi, ukuphazamiseka kokulala nengcindezi kungathinta kabi impilo yansuku zonke.

Ukubaluleka Kosizo Lochwepheshe

Ukuluma, nakuba kwezinye izikhathi kubukeka njengento encane, kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwezifo ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi uma ukuluma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kuvamile noma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yini Ongayenza Ekhaya Uma Uluma Umzimba?

Ukuze unciphise ukuluma ekhaya, gcina isikhumba simanzi, gwema ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo ngokweqile, sebenzisa imanzisi engenaphunga noma amakhemikhali, phatha ingcindezi futhi ugweme izingubo ezibangela ukuluma. Kodwa uma izimpawu zingadluli, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

2. Ukuluma Kungaba Uphawu Lwezifo Zini?

Ukuluma kungaba uphawu lwezifo zesikhumba, ukusabela kokungezwani, izifo zomzimba nesibindi, izinkinga zethyroid, isifo sikashukela, izifo zegazi, nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

3. Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuluma Okuvela Ebusuku?

Ukuluma okwanda ebusuku kungabangelwa isifo sika-scabies, i-eczema, izifo zesibindi noma zomzimba, ukusabela kokungezwani kanye nengcindezi. Ikakhulukazi uma ukuluma ebusuku kuqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi kunzima, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

4. Kwelashwa Kanjani Ukuluma Okubangelwa Ukungezwani?

Kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela yokuluma okubangelwa ukungezwani. Imithi ye-antihistamine kanye namakhrimu asetshenziswa endaweni yokuluma angasetshenziswa ngokwelulekwa udokotela. Uma kudingeka, izinguquko empilweni yansuku zonke kufanele zenziwe.

5. Yiziphi izimo okufanele uye kudokotela ngenxa yokuluma?

Uma ukuluma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside (kungapheli emasontweni ambalwa), kuba kubi ebusuku, kunezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nakho (umkhuhlane, ukwehla kwesisindo, isifo sikagolide, ukuvela kwezilonda, noma buthakathaka) noma uma kuthinta impilo yomphakathi ngendlela enkulu, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe.

6. Ingabe ukuluma ezinganeni kungaba yingozi?

Ukuluma ezinganeni kuvame ukubangelwa izifo zesikhumba, ukungezwani noma izinambuzane. Uma ukuluma kusabalele, kunzima noma kuholela ekulimaleni kwesikhumba, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela wezingane.

7. Ingabe ukuluma njalo kungalimaza isikhumba?

Yebo, ukuluma njalo kungacasula isikhumba, kuholele ekulimaleni; lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nokwakheka kwezibazi.

8. Ingabe ukuluma kunobudlelwano nengcindezi?

Ingcindezi ngokwayo ingaba yimbangela yokuvusa noma yokwandisa ukuluma. Ngakho ukuphatha ingcindezi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kokuluma okuqhubekayo.

9. Ingabe i-Pruritus iyathathelwana?

Ukuluma ngokwalo akuthathelwana; kodwa ezinye izimbangela ezifana nesifo sika-uyuz (izinambuzane), ziyizifo ezingadluliselwa kumuntu nomuntu.

10. Kwenzeni uma kweluma iso?

Ukuluma kwamehlo kuvame ukubangelwa ukungezwani noma ukutheleleka. Kungcono ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo kunokusebenzisa imithi yamehlo noma imithi ngaphandle kokwazi imbangela.

11. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ukuthola imbangela yokuluma?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, izinso kanye ne-thyroid, ukuhlolwa kokungezwani, kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola zingasiza ekutholeni imbangela. Uma ukuluma kubonakala, kuqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi kungapholi, ukuhlolwa kungandiswa.

12. Imithi efakwa esikhumbeni noma ephuzwayo isetshenziswa nini ekulumen?

Amakhrimu, ama-ointment noma imithi ephuzwayo, kukhethwa ngokuvumelana nembangela nobunzima bokuluma, ngokuhlolwa kodokotela wakho. Gwema ukusebenzisa imithi ngaphandle kokwelulekwa.

13. Ukuluma okubangelwa izinzwa (neurogenic) kuqondakala kanjani?

Uma kungekho okunye okubonakalayo esikhumbeni, ukuluma kuseyingxenye ethile futhi kuhambisana nokushisa noma ukucasuka, noma kuvuswa ingcindezi noma ukukhathazeka, kungaba ukuluma okubangelwa izinzwa. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukubonana nochwepheshe kule ndawo.

14. Kwenzeni uma kukhona ukuvuvukala noma ukuvela kwezilonda kanye nokuluma?

Kulesi simo, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuphenya imbangela nokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, ukubonana nochwepheshe bezifo zesikhumba.

15. Kwenzeni uma ukuluma kungapheli naphezu kokwelashwa ekhaya?

Uma izindlela zasekhaya zingalethi ukuthuthuka noma kunezimpawu ezintsha, kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO), "Itch (Pruritus) – Amaqiniso Abalulekile Nezibuko Zomhlaba"

• Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Kwezifo eMelika (CDC), "Isikhumba Esilumayo – Izimbangela Nokuphathwa Kwazo"

• Inyuvesi YaseYurophu Yezifo Zesikhumba Nezocansi (EADV), "Imihlahlandlela Yokwelapha Ukuluma"

• Inyuvesi YaseMelika Yezifo Zesikhumba (AAD), "Pruritus: Bheka Ngale Kwesikhumba"

• I-Mayo Clinic, "Isikhumba Esilumayo: Izimbangela, Ukuhlolwa, Nokwelashwa"