Ukuluma Emzimbeni: Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nezindlela Zokuphatha
Iyini Ukuluma?
Ukuluma, eyaziwa ngokuthi "pruritus" kwezokwelapha, yisimo esivamile esingavela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba noma kuwo wonke umzimba. Noma imvamisa kuba lula futhi kudlula ngokushesha, kwezinye izimo kungaba nzima futhi kuqhubeke ngendlela engathinta kabi impilo yansuku zonke. Nakuba ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nenkinga yesikhumba, kungavela futhi njengesibonakaliso sezifo noma izimo ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici zokuluma nokuthola usizo lochwepheshe ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo olufanele lokuphatha.
Iyini Imizwa Yokuluma? Ibonakala Kanjani?
Ukuluma kudala umuzwa ongemuhle esikhumbeni, ongabonakala njengokushisa noma ukubaba. Ngezinye izikhathi kungacasula njengobuhlungu futhi kwehlise kakhulu izinga lempilo yomuntu. Ukuluma okuqhubekayo kungaholela ezinkingeni zokulala, ukulimala kwesikhumba, ukuhoxiswa emphakathini kanye nokukhathazeka ngokwengqondo. Izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukubomvu noma imihuzuko esikhumbeni ezihambisana nokuluma zinganikeza imikhondo ngesizathu esiyisisekelo.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuluma?
Izimbangela zokuluma zibanzi kakhulu. Izimo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa izifo zesikhumba, ukusabela kokungezwani, izifo zamagciwane, izifo zesikhunta, ukungalingani kwamahomoni, izifo zesibindi noma zomzimba, izifo zethyroid, ingcindezi kanye nezizathu zengqondo. Futhi, imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile, ukushoda kwegazi, izifo zomzimba (isb. isifo sikashukela, izifo zegazi, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza) kanye nezizathu zemvelo kungadala ukuluma.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwezifo Zesikhumba Nokuluma
Ukuluma kuvame kakhulu njengophawu lwezifo zesikhumba. Isikhumba esomile, i-eczema (i-dermatitis), i-urticaria (ukushiswa), izifo zesikhunta kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane (isb. isifo sika-scabies) yizimbangela ezivamile zokuluma okukhulu esikhumbeni.
Isikhumba Esomile (Xerosis): Ukuphela kwesikhumba, ukuqhekeka, kuvame ukubonakala ezandleni, emikhonweni nasemilenzeni. Isimo sezulu esibandayo noma esomile, ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo njalo kanye nokungaphuzi amanzi okwanele kungavusa isikhumba esomile.
I-Eczema: Isifo sesikhumba esingapheli esihambisana nokuluma, ukubomvu kanye nezinye izikhathi nezilonda ezigcwele amanzi.
Isifo Sika-Scabies: Ukutheleleka okubangelwa yimpethu ebizwa ngokuthi Sarcoptes scabiei, okuvela ngokuluma okukhulu ikakhulukazi ebusuku, futhi kuyathathelwana.
I-Urticaria: Isimo esibonakala ngokuvuvukala okushesha nokuqhamuka kokubomvu esikhumbeni, okuhambisana nemihuzuko enokuluma okukhulu kodwa edlula ngokushesha.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwezifo Zangaphakathi Nokuluma
Ukuluma akubangelwa kuphela izinkinga zesikhumba; kungavela nasezifo zesibindi, zomzimba, zethyroid, zegazi kanye nezinye izifo zangaphakathi.
Izifo Zomzimba: Uma imisebenzi yomzimba ingasebenzi kahle (ikakhulukazi uma kunokwehluleka komzimba okuqhubekayo), kungavela ukuluma okuvame kakhulu esikhumbeni.
Izifo Zesibindi: I-Jaundice, i-cirrhosis kanye nokuvinjelwa kwemithambo yamafutha kungaholela ekulumeneni esikhumbeni namehlo aphuzi.
Izinkinga Zethyroid: Kokubili ukusebenza kancane (hypothyroidism) noma ngokweqile (hyperthyroidism) kwe-thyroid kungadala ukuluma. Ikakhulukazi, izimpawu ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuguquka kwesisindo nokulahlekelwa izinwele zingavela kanye nokuluma.
Isifo Sikashukela Nezifo Zegazi: Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma izifo zegazi, kungavela ukuluma okuvame noma okungaphakathi endaweni ethile.
Izimpawu Zokuluma Nezimo Okufanele Uqaphele
Ubukhulu bokuluma, isikhathi sokuqhubeka kwaso, isikhathi sokuvela (isb. ukwanda ebusuku) kanye nezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nakho kubalulekile ekuhlolweni. Ukuphuzi noma ukubomvu kwamehlo noma isikhumba, ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, buthakathaka, ukuvuvukala noma ukubomvu kungabonisa izifo ezingaphansi.
Ukuluma Okubangelwa Uhlelo Lwamasosha Omzimba (Neurogenic) Kanye Nokuluma Okubangelwa Ingqondo
Kwezinye izimo, imbangela yokuluma ingaba wuhlelo lwezinzwa. Ikakhulukazi ukuluma okuvela endaweni ethile, okuhambisana nomuzwa wokushisa noma ukucasuka, okuvame ukuvuselelwa ingcindezi nokukhathazeka, kubhekwa njengokuluma kwengqondo noma okwe-neurogenic. Izinkinga zokulala nazo zivame ukubonakala.
Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwezimbangela Zokuluma?
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqonda imbangela yokuluma ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe izikhalo kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uma kudingekile, lezi zivivinyo ezingezansi zingacelwa:
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele (ukuhlola izifo zegazi)
Amazinga ensimbi, amavithamini
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, somzimba kanye ne-thyroid
Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani (ikakhulukazi uma kusolwa ukusabela kokungezwani)
Isithombe se-X-ray sesifuba (ikakhulukazi uma kunezimpawu ezifana nokukhula kwamathumba noma ukuluma okungachazeki)
Ezinye izivivinyo ezidingekayo zocwaningo kanye nezokuvivinya
Kuyelulekwa ukuthi wonke umuntu obhekene nokuluma aqale axhumane nodokotela. Ukuthola imbangela kungathatha isikhathi, ngakho kubalulekile ukuba nesineke nokulandela izincomo ngokucophelela.
Kuphathwa Kanjani Futhi Kwelashwa Kanjani Ukuluma?
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kokuluma ukuthola isizathu esiyinhloko esibangela ukuluma. Impumelelo yokwelashwa ixhomeke ekutholeni kahle imbangela nasekuyisuseni. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zimi kanje:
Ukuluma Okubangelwa Ukungezwani: Uma imbangela kungukungezwani, imithi ye-antihistamine enconywa udokotela kanye namakhrimu asetshenziswa endaweni yokuluma (ama-topical agents) angasetshenziswa.
Izindlela Ezihloselwe Izifo Zesikhumba: Ukusebenzisa njalo imikhiqizo evikela futhi emanzisa isikhumba, ukukhetha insipho nemikhiqizo yezimonyo efanele, nokugqoka izingubo zemvelo nezikhululekile kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile.
Amakhrimu/Imithi Ye-Corticosteroid Noma Ezinye: Imithi enconywa udokotela yezifo zesikhumba; kufanele kuqapheleke ngemiphumela emibi.
Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yomzimba Wonke: Kwezinye izimo, imithi ye-antidepressant noma eminye imithi yomzimba wonke ingasetshenziswa.
I-Phototherapy (Ukwelashwa Ngokukhanya): Ikakhulukazi ekulumeneni okuqhubekayo, kungasetshenziswa ngokwelulekwa udokotela wesikhumba.
Ukuluma Okubangelwa Ingqondo: Ukuphatha ingcindezi, ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo kanye nokwelashwa kwezingqondo uma kudingekile kubalulekile.
Izinyathelo Ezilula Ongazithatha Ekhaya
Gwema izinto ezibangela ukuluma kanye nezindwangu ezicasulayo,
Sebenzisa imanzisi enobumnene, engenaphunga futhi engabangeli ukungezwani,
Gwema ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo ngokweqile, ugeze ngamanzi afudumele,
Gwema ukuluma isikhumba njalo, ugcine izinzipho zifushane futhi uma kudingeka usebenzise amagilavu ebusuku,
Gcina umswakama wendawo (ukusebenzisa umshini wokufutha kungasiza),
Khetha izingubo ezilula nezibandayo,
Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha ingcindezi ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukwelulekwa,
Qaphela ukuhlanzeka kokulala.
Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Kanye Nezinkinga Zokuluma
Ukuluma okukhulu noma okuqhubekayo (imvamisa okudlula amasonto ayisithupha), kungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwekhwalithi yokuphila. Ukuluma njalo kungadala ukulimala kwesikhumba, ukutheleleka kanye nokwakheka kwezibazi. Futhi, ukuphazamiseka kokulala nengcindezi kungathinta kabi impilo yansuku zonke.
Ukubaluleka Kosizo Lochwepheshe
Ukuluma, nakuba kwezinye izikhathi kubukeka njengento encane, kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwezifo ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi uma ukuluma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kuvamile noma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Yini Ongayenza Ekhaya Uma Uluma Umzimba?
Ukuze unciphise ukuluma ekhaya, gcina isikhumba simanzi, gwema ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo ngokweqile, sebenzisa imanzisi engenaphunga noma amakhemikhali, phatha ingcindezi futhi ugweme izingubo ezibangela ukuluma. Kodwa uma izimpawu zingadluli, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
2. Ukuluma Kungaba Uphawu Lwezifo Zini?
Ukuluma kungaba uphawu lwezifo zesikhumba, ukusabela kokungezwani, izifo zomzimba nesibindi, izinkinga zethyroid, isifo sikashukela, izifo zegazi, nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.
3. Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuluma Okuvela Ebusuku?
Ukuluma okwanda ebusuku kungabangelwa isifo sika-scabies, i-eczema, izifo zesibindi noma zomzimba, ukusabela kokungezwani kanye nengcindezi. Ikakhulukazi uma ukuluma ebusuku kuqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi kunzima, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
4. Kwelashwa Kanjani Ukuluma Okubangelwa Ukungezwani?
Kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela yokuluma okubangelwa ukungezwani. Imithi ye-antihistamine kanye namakhrimu asetshenziswa endaweni yokuluma angasetshenziswa ngokwelulekwa udokotela. Uma kudingeka, izinguquko empilweni yansuku zonke kufanele zenziwe.
5. Yiziphi izimo okufanele uye kudokotela ngenxa yokuluma?
Uma ukuluma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside (kungapheli emasontweni ambalwa), kuba kubi ebusuku, kunezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nakho (umkhuhlane, ukwehla kwesisindo, isifo sikagolide, ukuvela kwezilonda, noma buthakathaka) noma uma kuthinta impilo yomphakathi ngendlela enkulu, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe.
6. Ingabe ukuluma ezinganeni kungaba yingozi?
Ukuluma ezinganeni kuvame ukubangelwa izifo zesikhumba, ukungezwani noma izinambuzane. Uma ukuluma kusabalele, kunzima noma kuholela ekulimaleni kwesikhumba, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela wezingane.
7. Ingabe ukuluma njalo kungalimaza isikhumba?
Yebo, ukuluma njalo kungacasula isikhumba, kuholele ekulimaleni; lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nokwakheka kwezibazi.
8. Ingabe ukuluma kunobudlelwano nengcindezi?
Ingcindezi ngokwayo ingaba yimbangela yokuvusa noma yokwandisa ukuluma. Ngakho ukuphatha ingcindezi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kokuluma okuqhubekayo.
9. Ingabe i-Pruritus iyathathelwana?
Ukuluma ngokwalo akuthathelwana; kodwa ezinye izimbangela ezifana nesifo sika-uyuz (izinambuzane), ziyizifo ezingadluliselwa kumuntu nomuntu.
10. Kwenzeni uma kweluma iso?
Ukuluma kwamehlo kuvame ukubangelwa ukungezwani noma ukutheleleka. Kungcono ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo kunokusebenzisa imithi yamehlo noma imithi ngaphandle kokwazi imbangela.
11. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ukuthola imbangela yokuluma?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, izinso kanye ne-thyroid, ukuhlolwa kokungezwani, kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola zingasiza ekutholeni imbangela. Uma ukuluma kubonakala, kuqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi kungapholi, ukuhlolwa kungandiswa.
12. Imithi efakwa esikhumbeni noma ephuzwayo isetshenziswa nini ekulumen?
Amakhrimu, ama-ointment noma imithi ephuzwayo, kukhethwa ngokuvumelana nembangela nobunzima bokuluma, ngokuhlolwa kodokotela wakho. Gwema ukusebenzisa imithi ngaphandle kokwelulekwa.
13. Ukuluma okubangelwa izinzwa (neurogenic) kuqondakala kanjani?
Uma kungekho okunye okubonakalayo esikhumbeni, ukuluma kuseyingxenye ethile futhi kuhambisana nokushisa noma ukucasuka, noma kuvuswa ingcindezi noma ukukhathazeka, kungaba ukuluma okubangelwa izinzwa. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukubonana nochwepheshe kule ndawo.
14. Kwenzeni uma kukhona ukuvuvukala noma ukuvela kwezilonda kanye nokuluma?
Kulesi simo, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuphenya imbangela nokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, ukubonana nochwepheshe bezifo zesikhumba.
15. Kwenzeni uma ukuluma kungapheli naphezu kokwelashwa ekhaya?
Uma izindlela zasekhaya zingalethi ukuthuthuka noma kunezimpawu ezintsha, kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO), "Itch (Pruritus) – Amaqiniso Abalulekile Nezibuko Zomhlaba"
Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Kwezifo eMelika (CDC), "Isikhumba Esilumayo – Izimbangela Nokuphathwa Kwazo"
Inyuvesi YaseYurophu Yezifo Zesikhumba Nezocansi (EADV), "Imihlahlandlela Yokwelapha Ukuluma"
Inyuvesi YaseMelika Yezifo Zesikhumba (AAD), "Pruritus: Bheka Ngale Kwesikhumba"
I-Mayo Clinic, "Isikhumba Esilumayo: Izimbangela, Ukuhlolwa, Nokwelashwa"