Umhlaza Webele: Ulwazi Olusha, Ukuhlolwa, Ukwelashwa Nokubaluleka Kokutholwa Kusenesikhathi
Umdlavuza wamabele, ungomunye wemikhakha yomdlavuza evame kakhulu kwabesifazane emhlabeni jikelele futhi uyinkinga enkulu kwezempilo yomphakathi. Nakuba izinga lokuvama kwawo lingahluka emazweni nasezizweni ezahlukene, ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, cishe ingxenye yesine yomdlavuza otholakala kwabesifazane ivela kumdlavuza wamabele. Ingxenye enkulu yokufa okubangelwa umdlavuza kwabesifazane nayo ivela kulesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezindlela zesimanje zokuthola nokwelapha, imiphumela ethembisayo iyatholakala ekulweni nomdlavuza wamabele. Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokutholakala kusenesikhathi, amathuba okwelashwa kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kuyanda kakhulu.
Kuyini Umdlavuza Wamabele?
Umdlavuza wamabele uyisifo esivela ngenxa yokwanda okungaphephile kwezicubu zamabele. Lokhu kukhula okungajwayelekile kuvame ukuqala ezindleleni zobisi noma ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ubisi futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwesilonda. Lezi zilonda zivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuzihlola ngesandla, okwenza kube lula ukuthola umdlavuza wamabele kusenesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, amathuba okuthi lesi sifo selashwe ngempumelelo aphezulu kakhulu.
Izimpawu Ezivamile Zomdlavuza Wamabele
Umdlavuza wamabele kwesinye isikhathi ungathuthuka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu ezingezansi zingavela ezigabeni ezahlukene zesifo:
Izilonda Ezitholakala Ngesandla: Ukuzwa izilonda eziqinile, ezingabuhlungu esifubeni noma ngaphansi kwengalo kuyizimpawu ezivame kakhulu.
Ukuphuma Koketshezi Esithweni Sobisi: Ukuphuma koketshezi okuvela ohlangothini olulodwa, okuvela ngokwemvelo, kwesinye isikhathi okungaba negazi, kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela.
Ushintsho Esimeni Noma Osayizi Wesifuba: Ukuvela kokungalingani okucacile kosayizi noma kwesimo phakathi kwamabele kubalulekile.
Izinguquko Ezibonakalayo Esikhumbeni: Ukujiya kwesikhumba sesifuba, ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, ukwakheka kwesilonda noma ukubukeka "kwekhasi likalamula" kungavela.
Ukudonswa Phansi Kwephuzu Lesifuba Noma Ukungena Ngaphakathi: Ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza useduze kwephuzu lesifuba noma uthinta izicubu ezithile, lezi zinguquko zingavela.
Uma uqaphela noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuya kuchwepheshe wezempilo ukuze kutholakale kusenesikhathi.
Ukuzihlola Isifuba Nokusebenzisa I-Mammogram Ukuze Kutholakale Kusenesikhathi
Ukuzihlola isifuba kuyindlela ebalulekile esiza abesifazane ukuthi baqaphele izinguquko ezisifubeni sabo kusenesikhathi. Kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ngosuku oluthile lwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini noma njalo ngenyanga ngosuku olufanayo emva kokungasayi esikhathini. Ngesikhathi sokuzihlola kufanele kubhekwe izinguquko ezisicubini sesifuba, ukuvuvukala, ukudonswa phansi kanye nezinguquko zombala.
I-mammogram iyindlela yokuthwebula isithombe esamukelwa njengelijwayelekile ekutholeni umdlavuza wamabele, esetshenziswa i-X-ray enedosi ephansi. Ochwepheshe bavame ukuncoma ukuthi abesifazane abangenayo ingozi ekhethekile baqale ukwenza i-mammogram minyaka yonke kusukela eminyakeni engama-40. Kwabesifazane abasesigabeni esiphezulu sengcuphe, ukuhlolwa kungadingeka ukuthi kuqale ngaphambi kwalokho futhi kwenziwe kaningi, ngokwelulekwa udokotela.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinga Lomdlavuza Wamabele Nokuhamba Kwesifo
Umdlavuza wamabele uhlukaniswa ngokuya ngosayizi wesilonda, ukusabalala ezindaweni zamangqamuzana egazi kanye nokuthi ususabalele kwezinye izitho zomzimba noma cha:
Isigaba Sokuqala (Isigaba 1): Isilonda sincane kuno-2 cm futhi asikasabalali ezindaweni zamangqamuzana egazi.
Isigaba Esiphakathi (Isigaba 2): Isilonda singaba sikhulu kuno-2 cm, kungase kube khona noma kungabi khona ukusabalala ezindaweni zamangqamuzana egazi.
Isigaba Esithuthukile (Isigaba 3): Isilonda sikhulu kuno-5 cm futhi ukusabalala ezindaweni zamangqamuzana egazi kubonakala ngokusobala.
Ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, umdlavuza ungase usabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Kwabathola umdlavuza wamabele kusenesikhathi futhi baphathwa, amazinga okuphila aphezulu kakhulu. Yingakho ukuhlolwa nokuzihlola njalo kubalulekile.
Ukuhlinzwa Komdlavuza Wamabele Nezindlela Zokwelapha
Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela evame kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamabele. Izindlela zokuhlinza ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinga lesifo, usayizi wesilonda kanye nokusabalala kwaso:
Ukuhlinzwa Okugcinayo Isifuba: Isilonda nesicubu esizungezile siyasuswa, kodwa isifuba sonke siyagcinwa. Kuvame ukwenziwa ezigabeni zokuqala.
I-Mastectomy: Ukuhlinzwa okususa sonke isifuba. Kwenziwa ezigabeni ezithuthukile noma uma isilonda sisabalele kakhulu.
Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Oncoplastic: Isicubu esinomdlavuza siyasuswa kanti nokubukeka kwesifuba kuyagcinwa ngokubheka ubuhle besifuba.
I-Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Izindawo zokuqala umdlavuza osabalala kuzo zitholakala ngopende okhethekile bese ziyasuswa.
Ukuhlanzwa Kwamangqamuzana Egazi Ngaphansi Kwengalo: Uma umdlavuza ususabalele kulezi zindawo, ziyasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
Zonke izindlela zokuhlinza zenzeka ngaphansi kokulaliswa okufanele futhi zivame ukuthatha phakathi kwehora elilodwa nengxenye kuya kwamabili. Isimo sezempilo sesiguli siyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ububanzi bokuhlinzwa kanye nesikhathi sokululama.
Izingozi Zokuhlinzwa Nezinkinga Ezingavela
Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele, njengazo zonke izindlela zokuhlinza, kungaba nezingcuphe ezithile; phakathi kwazo kukhona:
Ukuthuthuka kokutheleleka endaweni ehlinyiwe
Ukopha nokwakheka kwe-hematoma
Ukuqoqeka koketshezi endaweni ehlinyiwe (seroma)
Ukuphazamiseka kwesimo sesifuba okwesikhashana noma okwesikhathi eside
Ingozi yokusabalala komdlavuza kwezinye izindawo ngokuya ngezici zesilonda
Izinkinga zingahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezempilo somuntu, iminyaka kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezikhona. Ukuqapha eduze nokulandela izeluleko zodokotela kudlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni lezi zingozi.
Okufanele Kucatshangelwe Ngemva Kokuhlinzwa
Ukuphumula ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwepansela kanye nokuhlolwa kodokotela kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kugwenywe ukusebenzisa ugwayi notshwala, kudliwe ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo futhi kwenziwe ukuzivocavoca okuncane nsuku zonke. Uma kudingeka, ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo kungasiza ekululameni nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila kwesiguli.
Isikhathi sokululama singahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezempilo jikelele sesiguli, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwe kanye nezinkinga ezivela. Iziguli zivame ukukhululwa esibhedlela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ukululama okuphelele kungathatha amasonto ambalwa.
Umkhuba Wokuzihlola Nokuhlolwa Njalo
Ukuzihlola isifuba njalo nokwenza i-mammogram ngezikhathi ezelulekiwe kubalulekile ekutholeni umdlavuza wamabele kusenesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi labo abanomlando womdlavuza wamabele emndenini noma abanezici zengozi, kufanele baqhubeke nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezinqunywe udokotela.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, akusona sonke isilonda noma ushintsho esifubeni esisho umdlavuza, kodwa uma kutholakala ushintsho kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ngale ndlela, uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa kusenesikhathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Yiziphi izimpawu ezicacile zomdlavuza wamabele?
Izilonda ezingabuhlungu ezitholakala esifubeni noma ngaphansi kwengalo, ukuphuma koketshezi esithweni sobisi, ukujiya kwesikhumba noma izinguquko zesimo, ukudonswa kwephuzu lesifuba kanye nezinguquko kosayizi wesifuba yizona zimpawu ezivame kakhulu.
2. Kumele ngizihlola kangaki isifuba sami?
Kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe njalo ngenyanga ngosuku oluthile lwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini noma ngosuku oluqokiwe ngenyanga uma ungaseyanga esikhathini.
3. I-mammogram iqala nini ukwenziwa?
Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ukuthi iqale eminyakeni engama-40 kwabesifazane abangenazo izici zengozi, kube kanye ngonyaka. Kwabanezizathu zengozi noma umlando womdlavuza emndenini, kungaqalwa ngaphambi kwalokho ngokwelulekwa udokotela.
4. Ngizolulama nini ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Iningi lezifo likhululwa esibhedlela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ukululama okuphelele kuvame ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa. Isikhathi sokululama sihluka ngokuya ngobubanzi bokuhlinzwa olwenziwe.
5. Ingabe kunengozi yokuphinda umdlavuza ngemva kokwelashwa?
Kwezinye iziguli ingozi yokuphinda ikhona; yingakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa kodokotela njalo nokulandela izinhlelo zokuhlolwa ezelulekiwe.
6. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kuyingozi?
Njengazo zonke izindlela zokuhlinza, kunezingozi ezithile (ukutheleleka, ukopha njll.); kodwa ngokusebenza nethimba elinolwazi kanye nokunakekelwa okufanele, lezi zingozi zingancishiswa kakhulu.
7. Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokuthwebula isithombe ngaphandle kwe-mammogram?
Izindlela ezifana ne-ultrasound ne-MR zingasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi uma i-mammogram inganiki isithombe esicacile. Indlela efanele izonqunywa udokotela wakho.
8. Ingabe umdlavuza wamabele uphila ngokuphelele uma utholwe kusenesikhathi?
Uma kugqashuka ngokushesha futhi kwenziwa ukwelashwa okufanele ezigulini, amathuba okuphila aphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, esigabeni esithuthukile, ukwelashwa kungaba nzima kakhulu, kodwa ngezindlela ezintsha, isikhathi sokuphila kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kungathuthukiswa.
9. Ingabe ukudla nokuphila kuthinta ingozi yomdlavuza wamabele?
Ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukunciphisa ugwayi notshwala kungasiza ekwehliseni ingozi kodwa akukuniki ukuvikelwa okuphelele.
10. Ingabe umdlavuza wamabele utholakala kuphela kwabesifazane?
Umdlavuza wamabele ungavela nakubantu besilisa, nakuba kuwenzeka kancane; amadoda kufanele aye kudokotela uma beqaphela ushintsho noma inqwaba esithweni samabele.
11. Ingabe ukuvuza kwesitho samabele njalo kuyisibonakaliso somdlavuza?
Akusona sonke ukuvuza kwesitho samabele okukhombisa umdlavuza; kungabangelwa izinguquko zamahomoni noma izifo. Kodwa ukuvuza okunegazi noma okuvela ohlangothini olulodwa kufanele kuhlolwe kahle.
12. Ingabe kungenzeka ukwenza ukuhlinzwa kobuhle ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamabele?
Uma kudingekile, izindlela zokuhlinzwa kobuhle noma zokwakha kabusha (ukwakha ibele elisha) zingacatshangelwa.
13. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwekholoidal lymph node futhi kwenziwa ngani?
Ngale nqubo, kutholakala izindlala zokuqala lapho umdlavuza usakazeka khona bese zikhishwa uma kudingeka. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola ukusabalala kwesifo nokwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa.
14. Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke uma imiphumela ye-pathology ithatha isikhathi?
Imiphumela ye-pathology ingathatha isikhathi ukuphuma. Uma imiphumela isifikile, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ngenqubo.
15. Ingabe ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo kuyadingeka ngemva kokutholakala komdlavuza wamabele?
Izinkinga zemizwa zingavela ngemva kokutholakala kwesifo. Ukuthola ukwesekwa kochwepheshe kungasiza ekululameni nasekulungeni nesimo esisha.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO): Imininingwane ngomdlavuza wamabele
Inhlangano Yomdlavuza YaseMelika (American Cancer Society): Uhlolojikelele lomdlavuza wamabele
Ikolishi LaseMelika LeRadiology (ACR): Iziqondiso zeMammography
Inhlangano Yezokwelapha YaseYurophu Yomdlavuza (ESMO): Iziqondiso Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamabele
CDC (Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo): Ulwazi ngomdlavuza wamabele