Izilonda Zesisu Nesiwula Esincane: Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nezinketho Zokwelashwa

Izilonda zesisu kanye nesishubhu sokuqala sesitho sokugaya ukudla (duodenum), ziyizilonda ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwalezi zitho ngenxa yomthelela we-asidi yesisu kanye nama-enzyme okugaya ukudla. Lesi simo, ngenxa yomthelela we-asidi kanye nezinto zokugaya, singangena kujule ezicutshini, kubangele amanxeba kanye nokuvuvukala. Izilonda, ziyisifo esivamile emhlabeni wonke, esingaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zempilo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zezilonda?

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sezilonda zesisu kanye nese-duodenum, ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya ebizwa nge-Helicobacter pylori. Omunye umthelela obalulekile ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi engesiyo i-steroid yokulwa nokuvuvukala (NSAID), ikakhulukazi i-aspirin kanye nemithi ehlukahlukene yokwelapha umkhuhlane wemithambo uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ukuthambekela kwezifo ngokofuzo, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, imithi efana ne-cortisone, ukusebenzisa ugwayi, imikhuba yokuphuza utshwala, ukusebenzisa kakhulu ikhofi noma ezinye izinto ezine-caffeine, kanye nezimo zemvelo nazo zingaba yingozi ekwakhekeni kwezilonda. Kodwa le miphumela ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

Izilonda Zivame Ukuvela Kubani Futhi Yimiphi Iminyaka?

Izilonda zingavela kunoma imuphi umuntu noma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa izilonda ze-duodenum zivame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-50 futhi zivame kakhulu kubantu besilisa. Kodwa-ke, izilonda zesisu zivame kakhulu ebudaleni obuphakeme, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60. Ngokocwaningo oluthile, isilinganiso sabantu abathola izilonda emphakathini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi siphakathi kuka-2% no-6%. Izilonda ze-duodenum zivame kakhulu kunezilonda zesisu.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zezilonda?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko sezilonda zesisu kanye ne-duodenum, ubuhlungu obushisa noma obuluma obuvame ukuzwa esifubeni esingenhla. Lobu buhlungu buvame ukukhula lapho umuntu elambile, buvela phakathi kokudla noma ebusuku, futhi bungaba bukhulu kangangokuthi buvuse umuntu ebuthongweni. Ngemva kokudla noma ukuthatha imithi ye-antacid, lobu buhlungu bungancipha. Kwezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza, isicanucanu, ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kokuhlela zingavela. Ikakhulukazi uma ubuhlungu buncipha ngemva kokuhlanza, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esivamile sezilonda. Kwezinye izikhathi (njengasehlobo nasekwindla) izimpawu zinganda.

Yiziphi Iziphetho Ezinzima Zezilonda?

Ukopha: Izilonda ziyimbangela evame kakhulu yokopha ohlelweni olungenhla lokugaya ukudla. Ukopha kungaba uphawu lokuqala kubantu abangakatholakali nezilonda. Uma umuntu enomchamo omnyama noma omnyama kakhulu (onjengamafutha kawoyela) noma ehlanza okubonakala njengamafutha ekhofi, lokhu kuwuphawu olukhulu lokuxwayisa. Uma umuntu ezwa buthakathaka ngokuzumayo noma ephuza umjuluko obandayo, kufanele kusolwe ukopha. Uma lezi zimpawu zibonakala, kufanele kusheshwe ukuya esikhungweni sezempilo.

Ukuqhuma (Perforation): Uma isilonda singena kujule sidlule odongeni lwesisu noma i-duodenum, i-asidi yesisu kanye nama-enzyme okugaya angangena esiswini, kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu nobushesha esiswini. Iminqumo yesisu iba lukhuni futhi umuntu uba nobunzima ekunyakazeni. Lesi simo sidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha kwezokwelapha.

Ukuvinjelwa: Ikakhulukazi endaweni yokuphuma kwe-duodenum noma yesisu (indawo ye-pylorus), isilonda esinzima, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu noma ukwakheka kwesibazi eside kungabangela ukuvinjelwa. Kulesi simo, ukudla nezinto eziphuza azikwazi ukuphuma esiswini, isiguli sihlanza kakhulu futhi kaningi. Ukungondleki kahle kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okusheshayo kungavela. Kulezi zimo, kudingeka ukutholakala ngokushesha nokungenelela kwezokwelapha.

Yiziphi Izindlela Ezisetshenziswa Ekutholeni Izilonda?

Ekutholeni izilonda, kubalulekile ukuthola umlando ophelele wezempilo kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Kodwa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma i-ultrasound ngokuvamile akukuniki ubufakazi obuqondile bezilonda. Ngokujwayelekile, kunconywa ukuzama imithi yehlisa i-asidi yesisu bese kubhekwa ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini. Ukuqinisekiswa kokugula kwenziwa nge-endoscopy yohlelo olungenhla lokugaya ukudla (esophagogastroduodenoscopy). Nge-endoscopy, umphimbo, isisu kanye ne-duodenum kubukwa ngqo, futhi uma kudingeka kuthathwe isampula yezicubu. Nakuba i-barium meal x-ray isasetshenziswa, namuhla i-endoscopy iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu.

Yiziphi Izindlela Ezisebenzayo Ekulashweni Kwezilonda?

Ukwelashwa Ngemithi:

Enkathini yanamuhla, imithi eyinhloko ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi yesisu njenge-proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole njll.) kanye ne-H2 receptor blockers (ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine njll.). Le mithi isiza ekuphulukiseni isilonda futhi inciphisa izimpawu. Uma kutholakala i-Helicobacter pylori, ukubulawa kwaleli bhaktheriya ngemithi efanele yokubulala amagciwane kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa. Isikhathi nokuhlanganiswa kokwelashwa kuncike endaweni yesilonda, usayizi waso kanye nesimo sezempilo jikelele sesiguli.

Ukungenelela Ngokuhlinzwa:

Izilonda eziningi ziphila kahle ngemithi. Kodwa uma kuba nezinkinga ezifana nokopha, ukuqhuma noma ukuvinjelwa, noma uma isilonda singapholi ngemithi, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa.

Ukudla Nokuphila Ngokuhlanzekile:

Esikhathini esedlule, iziguli ezinezilonda zazelulekwa ukuba zilandele ukudla okuqinile; kodwa namuhla akubona ubufakazi bokuthi ukudla okukhethekile kusiza ekuphulukiseni isilonda. Ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okwandisa izimpawu bese kuncishiswa, ngokuvamile kwanele. Futhi, ukusebenzisa ugwayi kubambezela ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, ngakho kunconywa ukuyeka. Ukugwema utshwala kanye nemithi engadingekile (ikakhulukazi i-aspirin ne-NSAID) kubalulekile ekwelashweni kwezilonda.

Ukwehlisa izici zokucindezeleka, ukudla ngendlela enempilo, nokulala okwanele nakho kusiza ekuphulukiseni isilonda.

Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kwe-Helicobacter pylori Nezilonda

I-Helicobacter pylori iyimbangela eyinhloko yezilonda eziningi. Ezilondeni ze-duodenum, leli bhaktheriya livame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, leli bhaktheriya likhona kodwa isilonda asithuthuki; yingakho kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezinye izici ezifana nezofuzo nezemvelo ezinomthelela. I-Helicobacter pylori ingabangela i-gastritis eqhubekayo futhi ucwaningo oluthile lukhombisa ukuthi leli bhaktheriya lingakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu kancane.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingaphulukiswa ngokuphelele isilonda?

Izilonda eziningi zingaphulukiswa ngokuphelele ngemithi efanele kanye nemithi yokubulala amagciwane uma kunokutheleleka. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqapha ingozi yokuphindaphinda.

2. I-Helicobacter pylori idluliselwa kanjani?

Leli bhaktheriya livame ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabantu ngomlomo noma ezindaweni ezingahlanzekile.

3. Yini okufanele inakwe ukuze isilonda singaphindi?

Noma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, kufanele kugwenywe ugwayi, imithi yokubulala izinhlungu engadingekile kanye notshwala; kudingeka ukudla okunempilo nokulandela imithetho yokuhlanzeka.

4. Iyini indima yokudla ekwelashweni kwesilonda?

Akukhona ukuthi kudingeka ukudla okukhethekile, kodwa kufanele kugwenywe ukudla okubangela ukungakhululeki kumuntu.

5. Ingabe ukopha kwesilonda kuyingozi empilweni?

Ukopha okukhulu kungaba yingozi empilweni. Uma kukhona umchamo omnyama noma ukuhlanza okubomvu, kufanele kusheshwe ukuya kudokotela.

6. Yimiphi imithi engabangela isilonda?

I-aspirin, i-ibuprofen kanye neminye imithi ye-NSAID uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside, yandisa ingozi yezilonda.

7. Ingabe ukucindezeleka kubangela isilonda?

Ukucindezeleka akuyona imbangela eyodwa yezilonda; kodwa kungakhuphula i-asidi yesisu noma kwehlise amasosha omzimba, kwenze kube lula ukuthuthuka kwesilonda.

8. Iyiphi impawu evelele kakhulu yesilonda?

Ngokuvamile ubuhlungu obushisa noma obuluma esifubeni esingenhla, ikakhulukazi lapho umuntu elambile.

9. Uma kutholakala i-Helicobacter pylori, kufanele kwelashwe?

Kubantu abanezilonda ezisebenzayo noma izimpawu ze-gastritis eqhubekayo, kunconywa ukwelashwa.

10. Ingabe izingane zingathola izilonda?

Yebo, nakuba kungavamile, izingane nazo zingathola izilonda. Uma kunezimpawu, kufanele kubonwe udokotela wezingane okhethekile kwezokugaya ukudla.

11. Ingabe i-endoscopy inzima?

I-endoscopy ngokuvamile iyashesha, iyabekezeleleka futhi ivame ukwenzeka kalula ngemithi yokuthulisa.

12. Ngabe kudingeka imithi impilo yonke ngemva kokwelashwa kwesilonda?

Iziguli eziningi azidingi imithi ngemva kokwelashwa. Kodwa uma izingozi (isb. ukusetshenziswa kwe-NSAID) ziqhubeka, kungadingeka ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ngokwelulekwa udokotela.

Imithombo

Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) – Imininingwane Ngezilonda Zesisu

American College of Gastroenterology – Imihlahlandlela Yokutholakala Nokuphathwa Kwegciwane Lesilonda Esiswini kanye Nokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori

Mayo Clinic – Isifo Sesilonda Esiswini

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) – Incazelo Neqiniso Ngezilonda Zesisu

Global Helicobacter pylori Study Group – H. pylori Nezifo Zesisu

American Gastroenterological Association – Izinsiza Zokunakekelwa Kweziguli Mayelana Nesifo Sesilonda Esiswini