Izifo Ezidalwa Ukuqoqana Kwephrotheni Engajwayelekile Ezingqondweni: Isifo SeMad Cow Nezithiyo Zaso Empilweni Yomuntu

Yini Isifo SeDeli Dana?

Izifo ezidalwa ukuqoqana kwamaprotheni angajwayelekile ebuchosheni zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Isifo seDeli Dana, esaziwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi "i-bovine spongiform encephalopathy", yize sivame ukubonakala ezinkomeni, singaba nomthelela obanzi kunalokho okucatshangwa. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi isifo iCreutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) esitholakala kubantu sifana ngokwemvelo nesifo seDeli Dana. Ngenxa yalokho, sibhekwa njengesifo esilandelwa ngokucophelela emhlabeni wonke futhi esibalulekile empilweni yezilwane nasempilweni yomphakathi.

Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Ngesifo SeDeli Dana

I-bovine spongiform encephalopathy, isifo esithinta izinkomo esivame ukuphetha ngokufa ngenxa yokonakala kwezinzwa. Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi sithinta izilwane kuphela, kodwa eminyakeni edlule kutholakale ukuthi singaxhunyaniswa nesifo iCreutzfeldt-Jakob kubantu (ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluhlukile, i-vCJD). Izifundo eziningi zesayensi zikhomba ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwesifo kungenzeka kubantu ngokudla izicubu zezilwane ezinesifo, ikakhulukazi izicubu zezinzwa. Umsuka wesifo ukwakheka kwamaprotheni angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-prion ebuchosheni nakwezinye izicubu. Lokhu kuqoqana kungaholela ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo kwamaseli ezinzwa, kuqale ngezimpawu ezifiphele ezifana nokushintsha kokuziphatha noma buthakathaka kwemisipha, bese kuba nokulahleka kwememori okuqhubekayo kanye nokulahleka okukhulu kwamakhono okucabanga.

Izimbangela Zesifo SeDeli Dana

Isifo seDeli Dana sivele lapho amaprotheni e-prion ajwayelekile eshintsha abe angajwayelekile futhi abe yingozi. Lawa ma-prion angakwazi ukuzikopisha futhi aphazamise amanye amaprotheni ajwayelekile emzimbeni, ewadlulisela isifo. Ngokungafani namagciwane, ama-prion awanawo ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo; indlela isifo esisebenza ngayo iqala ngokushintsha okubi kwesakhiwo samaprotheni omzimba wethu. Lapho lawa ma-prion angajwayelekile efika ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla noma lokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi ezicutshini zezinzwa, aqoqana ebuchosheni nasemaselini ezinzwa, adale ukulahleka okukhulu kwemisebenzi. Izifo ezidalwa ama-prion zivame ukuba yinqaba ezilwaneni nasebantwini kodwa ziba yingozi enkulu. Isifo iCreutzfeldt-Jakob kubantu yisibonelo esivame kakhulu seqembu lezifo zama-prion. Umehluko obalulekile ukuthi izifo zama-prion azidalwa amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya, kodwa zidalwa ukugoqa okungalungile kwamaprotheni omzimba womuntu.

Izimpawu Ezivame Ukubonakala Esifweni SeDeli Dana

Izifo ezihlobene nokuqoqana kwama-prion angajwayelekile ebuchosheni zivame ukuhamba kancane futhi zifihleke. Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo nezici zama-prion.

• I-Sporadic CJD: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi ngokushesha futhi zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zohlelo lwezinzwa kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ekuqaleni kungavela ukungazinzi, ubunzima ekukhulumeni, ukuluma, imizwa yokubanjwa yizinaliti, isiyezi nezinkinga zokubona.

• I-Variant noma i-CJD eguqukayo: Izimpawu zengqondo ziba phezulu. Kungavela ukudangala, ukukhathazeka, ukuzihlukanisa, izinkinga zokulala nokucasuka. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi yezinzwa kwenzeka ngokushesha.

• I-CJD Yomndeni (Yofuzo): Lolu hlobo luhlotshaniswa nokuthambekela kofuzo, izimpawu zivame ukuqala zisencane futhi ziqhubeke kancane.

Ngokuvamile, njengoba isifo siqhubeka kuba nokulahleka kokuhleleka komzimba, ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungajwayelekile, ubunzima bokugwinya, izinkinga zokubona nokukhuluma, kanye nokulahleka kwememori, ukungabi nandaba, ukudideka nokungakhululeki kwengqondo.

Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa KweDeli Dana?

Iziguli ezifika nezikhalo ezihlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa zivame ukuhlolwa uchwepheshe wezinzwa. Ukuze kungadidaniswa nezinye izifo ezihamba ngendlela efanayo (isb. iParkinson noma i-Alzheimer), kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe. Izindlela ezingasiza ekutholeni isifo yilezi:

• Ukutholwa kwezinguquko ebuchosheni ngokusebenzisa i-MRI

• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni nge-EEG

• Uma kudingeka, kuthathwa isampula yecubu lobuchopho ukuze lihlolwe elebhu

Ukuhlolwa kwebhayopsi yobuchopho kuyinqubo engena kakhulu emzimbeni, ngakho kuvame ukwenziwa kuphela uma ezinye izindlela zokuhlola zingakhiphi imiphumela ecacile, noma uma kudingeka ukuhlukanisa nezinye izifo.

Ukuphathwa Nokwelashwa KweDeli Dana

Okwamanje, akukho ukwelashwa okungaqeda ngokuphelele isifo seDeli Dana (i-BSE noma i-vCJD kubantu). Izindlela zokwelapha ezikhona zigxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu nasekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo lesiguli, kunokumisa inqubekela phambili yesifo. Ukubonisana nodokotela wengqondo kanye nemithi kunganconywa uma kunezimpawu zokudangala noma ukukhathazeka. Imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu ingasetshenziswa uma kunezinhlungu zemisipha noma ezinye izinkinga zomzimba. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, iziguli ezingasakwazi ukuzinakekela zidinga usizo ekudleni nasekuhlanzeni. Uma kuba nobunzima bokugwinya, kudingeka ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kokudla kanye nosizo lwe-palliative. Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kugxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu, ukusiza isiguli ukubhekana nengcindezi kanye nokuqinisekisa induduzo yesiguli ezigabeni zokugcina zesifo.

Ukuhlola Ngokombono Womhlaba Wonke

Isifo seDeli Dana kanye nezifo zabantu ezihlobene nama-prion zivame ukuba yinqaba emhlabeni wonke kodwa zibalulekile ekulawuleni impilo yomphakathi. Amazwe amaningi aqinisa ukulawulwa kokusabalala kwemikhiqizo yezilwane enobungozi futhi asebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela impilo yomphakathi. Uma kukhona ukusola isifo se-prion, kubalulekile ukuthi imindeni kanye nabantu bathole usizo ezikhungweni zezempilo ezikhethekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yini isifo seDeli Dana?

Isifo seDeli Dana yisifo esibulalayo esithinta ubuchopho, esidalwa ukuqoqana kwamaprotheni angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-prion, futhi sivame ukubonakala ezinkomeni. Uhlobo oluthile kubantu yiCreutzfeldt-Jakob.

2. Isifo seDeli Dana singadlulela kubantu kanjani?

Kucatshangwa ukuthi singadlulela kubantu ngokudla imikhiqizo equkethe ubuchopho noma izicubu zezinzwa ezivela ezilwaneni ezinesifo. Kodwa-ke, izingozi zokudlulisela ziye zehliswa ngezinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ukudla nokufuya ezweni.

3. Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo?

Ekuqaleni kungavela ukudangala, ukungaziphathi kahle, buthakathaka kwemisipha nezinkinga zokulinganisela. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka kuba nokulahleka kokuhleleka, izinkinga zokubona nokukhuluma, ukulahleka kwememori kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kokucabanga.

4. Ingabe iCreutzfeldt-Jakob ifana nesifo seDeli Dana?

Uhlobo oluthile lweCreutzfeldt-Jakob kubantu (ikakhulukazi i-vCJD) luhlobene ne-prion edala isifo seDeli Dana, kodwa i-CJD yakudala ne-BSE zingavela emithonjeni ehlukile.

5. Ingabe isifo seDeli Dana singelapheka?

Okwamanje asikho ukwelashwa okungamisa noma kuqede isifo. Ukwelashwa kugxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu nasekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo lesiguli.

6. Ingabe isifo seDeli Dana siyingozi kubo bonke abantu?

Isifo sivame ukuba yinqaba futhi sihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokudla imikhiqizo yezilwane enobungozi. Izinyathelo ezithathwa emazweni amaningi zehlisa kakhulu ingozi yokudlulisela.

7. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa ekutholeni isifo?

Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, i-MRI, i-EEG kanye nezinye izivivinyo zokubona nokusebenza kobuchopho. Kwezinye izimo, kuthathwa ibhayopsi yobuchopho ukuze kutholakale isifo ngokuphelele.

8. Ingabe isifo siyathathelwana?

Izifo zama-prion azidluliselwa kalula phakathi kwabantu. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokudlulisela uma kuthintwa izicubu ezinegciwane noma amathuluzi ezokwelapha athinta uhlelo lwezinzwa.

9. Uma kukhona isifo se-prion emndenini, ingabe ingozi iyanda?

Kuma-formu ofuzo, ingozi inganda. Izifo zama-prion ezidluliselwa ngokofuzo zingaqala zisencane futhi ziqhubeke kancane.

10. Kumele kunakekelwe kanjani isiguli?

Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, kudingeka ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu, ukudla kanye nokuhlanza. Kunconywa ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kanye nosizo oluvela kochwepheshe.

11. Yini imvamisa ye-BSE ne-CJD emhlabeni wonke?

Kuyizifo ezingavamile kakhulu, kodwa zingaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Amazwe amaningi ahlola njalo imikhiqizo yezilwane kanye nokuphepha kokudla.

12. Kungenzeka yini ukuvimbela isifo se-deli dana?

Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwemikhiqizo yezilwane kanye nokudla kwezilwane, kanye nokususwa kwezingxenye zezilwane eziyingozi ekudleni kwabantu kuye kwehlise kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka.

13. Ingabe noma yikuphi ukukhathala kwekhanda noma buthakathaka kwemisipha kusho ukusolwa kwesifo se-prion?

Cha. Lezi zimpawu zingavela kwezinye izifo eziningi. Ikakhulukazi uma kunezinkinga zezinzwa ezithuthuka ngokushesha noma ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.

14. Yini edingekayo ukuze kutholakale isiqiniseko sokuxilonga?

Imvamisa izimpawu zokwelashwa, izithombe kanye nokuhlolwa kwegumbi lokuhlola kuyanele; kodwa ezimweni ezisolisayo, i-biopsy ingacatshangelwa. Ukuhlolwa kodokotela onguchwepheshe kubalulekile.

15. Yisiphi isiqondiso okufanele ngisithathe ukuvikelwa kulesi sifo?

Kuyelulekwa ukuthi ulandele izincomo zezikhulu zezempilo, ukhethe ukudla okuphephile futhi ugweme imikhiqizo yezilwane esolisayo.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO): Izifo ze-Prion

• Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC): I-Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) & Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

• Igunya Lokuphepha Kokudla LaseYurophu (EFSA): I-BSE nezifo ze-prion ezilwaneni nakubantu

• Prusiner SB. Ama-Prion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1998

• United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Ulwazi lwe-BSE & vCJD