Okufanele Ukwazi Ngomkhuhlane Wezifo Zomoya (I-Pneumonia)
Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-Pneumonia?
I-pneumonia ivamise ukuthinta amathumbu omoya, iyisifo esinzima futhi uma ingelashwa ingaba yingozi empilweni. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukushisa komzimba okuphakeme okuqala ngokuzumayo, ukuzamazama nokuzwa umqhaqhazelo, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwephlegm eningi enemibala (ensundu, eluhlaza noma ephuzi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia ziqala ngokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, buthakathaka, izinhlungu zemisipha nezamathambo ezithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese kuhamba kuhambisana nokukhwehlela okomile, ukwanda kokushisa komzimba, isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuphalaza. Ikakhulukazi, ukushesha kokuphefumula, ukugquma esifubeni, ukujuluka kanye nomuzwa wokukhathala okuvamile nakho kungabonakala.
Lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingadidaniswa nezifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, uma izikhalo ziba zimbi noma zingalulami ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengcupheni, kubalulekile ukuya kuchwepheshe wezempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akuyona i-pneumonia.
I-Pneumonia Ihlonzwa Kanjani?
Uma uya kudokotela, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komzimba okujulile futhi uma kutholakala izimpawu ezijwayelekile, imvamisa kuqinisekiswa ngesithombe samaphaphu. Kwezinye izimo, kungacelwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma isampula yephlegm. Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yokwelashwa.
Ingabe I-Pneumonia Iyathathelwana?
Imbangela ye-pneumonia imvamisa amagciwane, amavayirasi noma ngezinye izikhathi isikhunta. Izifo ezithinta izindlela zokuphefumula ezingenhla (njengomkhuhlane) ziyathathelwana kakhulu futhi zisakazeka kalula ngokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula. Futhi, ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nengilazi, isipuni noma ithawula ezisetshenziswa umuntu ogulayo kwandisa ukusabalala kwegciwane.
I-pneumonia ingaba nzima ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, abantu abadala, labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona, futhi ingozi yokuba nezinkinga iphezulu. Emhlabeni wonke, i-pneumonia ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezibangela ukufa okuningi.
Yiziphi Izinto Ezandisa Ingozi Yokuthola I-Pneumonia?
Kunezimo ezithile ezenza kube lula ukuthola i-pneumonia. Phakathi kwazo:
Ukuguga: Ingozi iyanda kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65.
Izifo Ezihlala Njalo: I-asthma, i-COPD, i-bronchiectasis, izifo zamaphaphu noma zenhliziyo, izifo zesibindi noma zomchamo, isifo sikashukela kanye nobuthakathaka bamasosha omzimba (isb. i-AIDS, izifo zegazi, ukufakelwa kwezitho).
Ukusebenzisa Ugwayi Nothwala: Kubuthakathaka ukuvikelwa kwamaphaphu.
Ubunzima Bokugwinya: Ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka isifo sohlangothi, izifo zezinzwa, noma izinkinga ezithinta imisipha noma uhlelo lwezinzwa.
Ukuphalaza Okuphindaphindiwe noma Ukuwela Kokuqukethwe Kwesisu Ezindleleni Zokuphefumula (Aspiration)
Ukuhlinzwa Okukhulu Okusanda Kwenzeka
Izikhathi lapho ukusabalala kwezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kuvamile
Ukuqaphela lezi zinto nokuzama ukuzilawula lapho kungenzeka, kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-pneumonia.
Yini Engenziwa Ukuze Kuvikelwe I-Pneumonia?
Amasu okuvikela i-pneumonia angahlanganiswa ngezihloko eziningana:
Ukulashwa kahle kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona nokuhlolwa njalo kudokotela
Ukudla okunempilo nokwanele, ukugwema ukucindezeleka
Ukuhlonipha imithetho yokuhlanzeka (ukugeza izandla njalo, ukugwema izindawo ezixakekile)
Ukulwa nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, utshwala nezidakamizwa
Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo uma kunezimo ezibangela ubunzima bokugwinya
Ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zomkhuhlane, ukugwema izindawo ezixakekile, ukusebenzisa imaski
Ukusebenzisa imithetho yokuhlanzeka ngokucophelela kubantu abanezingozi noma abanezifo ezibuthakathaka amasosha omzimba
Ezinye izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ne-pneumonia zingavinjelwa ngomjovo wokugoma. Ikakhulukazi i-virus yomkhuhlane ingadala i-pneumonia yodwa noma yandise amathuba okuhlaselwa i-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ukugomela umkhuhlane ngesikhathi esinconyiwe minyaka yonke (imvamisa phakathi kukaSepthemba noNovemba) kubalulekile kubantu abanezingozi noma abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.
Imaphi Amaphuzu Okufanele Kugonywe I-Pneumococcal?
I-Streptococcus pneumoniae ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-pneumonia emhlabeni jikelele. Umjovo we-pneumococcal unconywa ikakhulukazi kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, abanezifo zenhliziyo namaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona, abanesifo sikashukela, labo abasuswe isitho se-spleen, abanezifo zegazi ezithile, abanezifo zomchamo ezingamahlalakhona noma abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Kubalulekile futhi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kanye nabantu abadala abane-AIDS. Umjovo wenziwa emsipheni futhi imvamisa uphindaphindwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Ukugoma akufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokugula okukhulu noma umkhuhlane onokushisa okuphezulu. Futhi, umjovo womkhuhlane awufaneleka kubantu abane-allergy yamaqanda. Imiphumela emibi yomjovo womkhuhlane kanye ne-pneumococcal imvamisa imnene futhi idlula ngokushesha; kungase kube nobuhlungu noma ukubomvu endaweni yomjovo, buthakathaka okwesikhashana noma ukushisa komzimba okuncane.
I-Pneumonia Iwelashwa Kanjani?
Izimo eziningi ze-pneumonia zingelashwa ekhaya, kodwa izimo ezinzima noma abantu abasengcupheni bangadinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Ukwelashwa kuhlelwa udokotela kuye ngesizathu se-pneumonia, isimo somzimba jikelele kanye nobunzima bezimpawu. Imithi enconywayo imvamisa ama-antibiotic (ku-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane), imithi yokwehlisa ukushisa komzimba kanye nokuphuza amanzi amaningi. Ezimweni ezinzima, lapho kudingeka ukwesekwa kokuphefumula noma ukunakekelwa okukhulu, ukulandela esibhedlela kuyadingeka.
Ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba empumelelo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka noma isimo sibi, ingozi yezinkinga noma ukufa iba phezulu. Ngakho-ke, iziguli kufanele zilandele izeluleko zodokotela ngesikhathi sokululama.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathathelwana?
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia ezibangelwa amavayirasi namagciwane zingadluliselwa komunye umuntu. Ikakhulukazi izifo ezingenhla zokuphefumula (isb. umkhuhlane) ziyathathelwana kakhulu, kodwa akuzona zonke izimbangela ze-pneumonia ezithathelwana ngendlela efanayo.
2. I-pneumonia iyingozi kubani kakhulu?
Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisencane, izingane ezincane, abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, i-pneumonia ingaba nzima futhi ibe yingozi kakhulu.
3. Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ze-pneumonia?
Ekuqaleni kungavela ukushisa komzimba, ukuzamazama, umqhaqhazelo, ukukhwehlela kanye ne-phlegm. Buthakathaka, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla kanye nobuhlungu bekhanda nakho kungavela.
4. I-pneumonia ihlolwa kanjani?
Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kudokotela, kuthathwa isithombe samaphaphu (i-x-ray) futhi uma kudingeka kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma kwe-phlegm.
5. Yiziphi izimo okufanele ngiye ngazo kudokotela?
Uma unokushisa komzimba okuphezulu, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, ukuguquka kombala kwe-phlegm, ukuphelelwa umoya noma uzizwa ubuthakathaka kakhulu, kufanele uye kudokotela ngokushesha.
6. Kungenzeka yini ukwelapha i-pneumonia ekhaya?
Ezimweni ezilula, ukulandela imithi kanye nokunakekelwa okunconywe udokotela kungalulama. Kodwa uma izimpawu ziba zimbi, usesengcupheni noma isimo siba sibi, kufanele uye esibhedlela.
7. Ubani okufanele agonywe umjovo womkhuhlane noma i-pneumococcal?
Ikakhulukazi abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona, abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kanye nabo bonke abasengcupheni. Ungathola ulwazi oluthe xaxa kudokotela wakho mayelana nobungozi bakho.
8. Kunjani inqubo yokululama ngemva kwe-pneumonia?
Iningi labantu liphila ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uneminyaka eminingi, unezifo ezingamahlalakhona noma isimo sakho sibi, isikhathi sokululama singaba side. Ukuphumula okwanele nokuhlolwa kudokotela kuyelulekwa.
9. Ingabe i-pneumonia ingaphinda?
Yebo, kwabanye abantu i-pneumonia ingavela izikhathi eziningi. Ukuba khona kwezinto ezandisa ingozi kungakwenza kube lula lokhu.
10. Ingabe imiphumela emibi yomjovo iyingozi?
Imvamisa imnene futhi idlula ngokushesha; kungase kube nobuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, ukushisa komzimba okuncane, noma ukuzizwa ungakhululekile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma kuvela ukusabela okukhulu, kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha.
11. Ingabe ukusebenzisa ugwayi notshwala kwandisa ingozi ye-pneumonia?
Yebo, ukusebenzisa ugwayi kanye notshwala ngokweqile kubuthakathaka ukuvikelwa kwamaphaphu futhi kwandisa ingozi ye-pneumonia.
12. Ngitholakale ne-pneumonia, ngingazivikela kanjani?
Pumula, phuza amanzi amaningi, sebenzisa imithi enikezwe udokotela njalo; gwema imisebenzi enzima futhi ugweme ukusondelana nabanye abantu ngangokunokwenzeka.
13. Iyiphi indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia?
Ukugonywa, ukulandela imithetho yokuhlanzeka, ukulawula izici zobungozi nokungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa kwezempilo njalo njalo kuyizindlela ezisebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni i-pneumonia.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO), Uhlolojikelele lwezifo ze-Pneumonia nemibiko yomhlaba wonke ye-pneumonia
Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC), I-Pneumonia — Ukuvimbela, Izimpawu, Nokwelashwa
Inhlangano Yezifo Zokuphefumula YaseYurophu (ERS), I-Pneumonia: Iziqondiso Nezincomo
Inhlangano YaseMelika Yezifo Zokuphefumula (ATS), Iziqondiso ze-Pneumonia Ezuziwe Emphakathini
I-Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Umthwalo womhlaba wonke nowesifunda wokwamukelwa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-pneumonia