Ukuzwakala Kwezindlebe (Tinnitus): Kuyini, Kubangelwa Yini Futhi Kumele Kwenzekani?
Yini Ukuzwakala Kwezwi Ezindlebeni?
Ukuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni noma igama lalo lezokwelapha elithi tinnitus, kuwuphawu oluvamile oluvele ngokuthi umuntu ezwe umsindo ezindlebeni zakhe noma ekhanda lakhe njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle komthombo wangaphandle womsindo. Lo msindo ungachazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene njengokuzwakala kwezingqikithi, umsindo ongapheli, ukuxokozela, ukushaya kwe-Pulse, noma ukuxokozela. Le misindo engazwakali kwabanye abantu abaseduze, ingaba nemiphumela emikhulu ekwazini komuntu ukuphila kahle.
I-Tinnitus ivamise kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile; kodwa ingathinta noma iyiphi iminyaka futhi ingatholakala nasezinganeni. Kuyinto evamile ukuthi wonke umuntu azwe ukuzwakala kwezwi okwesikhashana ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa uma sekuba njalo njalo, kungaba uphawu oludingekayo ukuthi kunakwe.
Ukuzwakala Kwezwi Ezindlebeni Kuzwakala Kanjani?
I-Tinnitus ivamise ukuzwakala endlebeni eyodwa (kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele) noma kuzo zombili izindlebe. Kwesinye isikhathi umsindo ungazwakala ngaphakathi ekhanda. Umuntu angachaza lo msindo njengokuzwakala kwezingqikithi, umsindo wewashi, umsindo womshini noma umsindo ofana nokushaya kwegazi. Amandla nomsindo kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu; kwabanye kungaba kancane futhi kudlule ngokushesha, kwabanye kungaba njalo njalo futhi kube yinkinga enkulu.
Ukuzwakala kwezwi okukhulu kungathinta kabi impilo yansuku zonke nomsebenzi, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kungaholela ekucindezelekeni, ukukhathazeka nezinkinga zokulala. Ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma endaweni ethule, ukuzwakala kungaba kukhulu kakhulu.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zokuzwakala Kwezwi Ezindlebeni?
I-Tinnitus ingavela ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezahlukene. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa: Ikakhulukazi okuhambisana nokuguga noma ukulimala ngenxa yomsindo omkhulu.
Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside emsindweni omkhulu: Umsindo wezimboni, amakhonsathi, imishini yokusebenza, noma umsindo wezibhamu kungalimaza amaseli endlebeni yangaphakathi.
Ukutheleleka ezindlebeni: Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi, ukuvuvukala noma ukulimala kwe-eardrum kungaholela ekuzwakaleni kwezwi.
Ubumba bezindlebe (wax): Ukuqoqana okweqile kobumba kungavala indlebe futhi kubangele i-tinnitus yesikhashana.
Izifo zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi: Ikakhulukazi ukuzwakala okuhambisana nokushaya kwegazi (‘pulsatile tinnitus’), kungabonakala ezinkingeni ezifana nokuvinjelwa kwemithambo, i-aneurysm noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Ukulimala ekhanda, entanyeni noma ezimatheni: Ikakhulukazi okuhambisana nezifo ze-temporomandibular joint.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile (imithi ye-ototoxic): I-aspirin eningi, amanye ama-antibiotic, ama-diuretic, nemithi ye-chemotherapy engalimaza izinzwa zokuzwa ingabangela ukuzwakala kwezwi.
Izinkinga ze-metabolic ne-neurological: Isifo sikashukela, izifo ze-thyroid, i-anemia, i-meniere syndrome, ezinye izifo zezinzwa kanye nezifo zengqondo nazo zingaba yizici ezandayo.
Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka: Nakuba kungabangeli ngokwalo, kungandisa ukuzwakala okukhona futhi kwenze kube nzima ukubekezelela.
Kwezinye izikhathi ezingavamile, izinkinga ezinzima ezifana nomdlavuza noma ukungajwayelekile kwemithambo yegazi zingaba yimbangela ye-tinnitus.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo ze-Tinnitus?
Ukuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni kuhlukaniswa ngokwesizathu esingaphansi kanye nomsindo ozwa ngumuntu:
I-Tinnitus Yomuntu: Luhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luzwakala kuphela kumuntu onesifo. Imvamisa luhlobene nenkinga ohlelweni lokuzwa.
I-Tinnitus Ebonakalayo: Izwakala kumuntu onesifo kanye nodokotela osebenzisa imishini ekhethekile. Ivame kakhulu ngenxa yezimbangela zemithambo noma zamathambo (isb., ukungajwayelekile kwemithambo eduze kwendlebe).
Ngokwemvelo yokukhononda, ukuzwakala kungaba ngezikhathi ezithile noma njalo, kungazwakala endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili, futhi uhlobo nomsindo kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokuzwakala Kwezwi Ezindlebeni?
Uphawu olukhulu kakhulu, ukuthi umuntu uzwa umsindo ezindlebeni noma ekhanda ngaphandle komthombo wangaphandle. Kungenzeka futhi kube nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Ubunzima bokugxila
Izinkinga zokulinganisela
Kwabanye abantu, ukuzwela okukhulu emisindweni yangaphandle (hyperacusis)
Ukungalali kahle nokungakhululeki
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuzwakala kungahambisana nokuzulazula ikhanda, umuzwa wokugcwala endlebeni noma ukukhathazeka.
Inqubo Yokuthola Ukuzwakala Kwezwi Ezindlebeni Isebenza Kanjani?
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthola i-tinnitus, kuthathwa umlando ophelele futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe, ikhala nomphimbo. Udokotela uzobuza isikhathi sokuzwakala, uhlobo, ukuthi kukhona yini ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ezinye izimpawu. Ngemva kwalokho;
Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa (audiological assessment)
Uma kudingekile, ukuhlolwa kwe-radiology (njenge-MRI, CT)
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kokulinganisela uma kudingeka.
Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa ukuthola imbangela yokuzwakala futhi uma kudingeka, kudluliselwe eminye imikhakha yezokwelapha.
Izindlela Zanamuhla Zokubhekana Nokuzwakala Kwezwi Ezindlebeni
Yize kungahlali kungenzeka ukususa ngokuphelele i-tinnitus, imvamisa kungenzeka ukunciphisa izikhalo nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila. Ukwelashwa kubhekwa kulezi zihloko:
Ukwelapha Imbangela Engaphansi: Ukuhlanzwa kobumba bezindlebe, ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukulawula umfutho wegazi noma izifo ze-thyroid njll.
Ukuhlela Imithi: Imithi enezingozi ezingaba khona ibuyekezwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.
Izinsiza Zokuzwa Kubantu Abalahlekelwe Ukuzwa: Uma i-tinnitus ihambisana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, izinsiza zokuzwa zingathuthukisa kokubili ukuzwa nokunciphisa ukuzwakala.
Imishini Yokufihla Tinnitus (white noise devices): Isebenza ukunciphisa ukuzwakala; ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma endaweni ethule ingasiza ekudambiseni.
Izindlela Zomsindo Nezokuziphatha: I-cognitive behavioral therapy, izindlela zokuphumula, ukuzindla nezindlela zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ziyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula ukungakhululeki okubangelwa i-tinnitus.
Izinguquko Emaphilweni: Ukuvikelwa emsindweni omkhulu, uhlelo lokulala oluhle, ukuzivocavoca njalo nokudla okunempilo kungasiza ekulawuleni izikhalo.
Ukwelashwa Okusekelayo: Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungadingeka imithi noma izindlela zokwelapha eziphambili.
Izindlela Zokuhlinza: Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma kunenkinga yemithambo noma yezakhiwo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungacatshangelwa.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-tinnitus kwesinye isikhathi ingaba uphawu lokuqala lwenkinga yezempilo enkulu. Uma izikhalo ziqhubeka isikhathi eside noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, kufanele uthintane nodokotela onguchwepheshe.
Yini Engenziwa Ukuvimbela Ukuzwakala Kwezwi Ezindlebeni?
Ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuvikela izindlebe ezindaweni ezinomsebenzi omkhulu womsindo
Ukugwema ukulalela umculo onomsindo omkhulu isikhathi eside
Ukunaka ukuhlanzeka kwezindlebe, ukungasebenzisi izinti zendlwana
Ukuqapha izifo ezingamahlalakhona njalo
Ukungasebenzisi imithi engadingekile noma ngaphandle kokuqonda
Ukulawula ukucindezeleka
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Kungani kuvela ukuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni?
Ukuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni kuvamise ukubangelwa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukuvezwa emsindweni omkhulu, ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukuqoqana kobumba, izinkinga zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi noma imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile. Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela ayitholakali.
2. Ingabe ukucindezeleka kwandisa ukuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni?
Yebo, ukucindezeleka kungandisa ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-tinnitus namandla azo. Ukulawula ukucindezeleka kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuzwakala.
3. Ingabe ukuzwakala kwelinye uhlangothi kuphela kuyethusa?
Ukuzwakala okuqala ngokuzumayo noma okuqhubekayo endlebeni eyodwa kungaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu njengomdlavuza wezinzwa zokuzwa noma ukungajwayelekile kwemithambo, nakuba kungavamile. Kulesi simo kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.
4. Ingabe ukuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni kungaphela ngokuphelele?
Kwezinye izimo imbangela yokuzwakala ingelashwa bese izikhalo ziphela. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, noma kungapheli ngokuphelele, kungenziwa kube ngaphansi kolawulo ngezindlela ezifanele.
5. Yimiphi imithi engabangela ukuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni?
Ezinye izibulala-magciwane (isb. ama-aminoglycosides), imithi ye-chemotherapy, i-aspirin eningi namanye ama-diuretic angabangela i-tinnitus ngenxa yomphumela wawo we-ototoxic.
6. Ingabe i-tinnitus ihamba njalo nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa?
Cha, i-tinnitus ayihambi njalo nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Kodwa uma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kukhona, ingozi yokuzwakala iyanda.
7. Yimuphi umkhakha okufanele uthintwe uma umuntu enokuzwakala kwezwi ezindlebeni?
Okokuqala, kunconywa ukuhlolwa uchwepheshe wezindlebe, ikhala nomphimbo (KBB). Uma kudingeka, kungadluliselwa emkhakheni we-audiology nakwezinye izifundo zobungcweti.
8. Yiziphi izeluleko zokunciphisa ukukhala kwezinhliziyo ekhaya?
Ukudala umsindo omncane omhlophe endaweni ethule (njengomsakazo, ifeni, noma umsindo wamanzi), ukuphatha ingcindezi, ukuthola ubuthongo obanele nokugwema umsindo ophakeme kunganciphisa izikhalo.
9. Ingabe imishini yomsindo omhlophe iyasebenza?
Imishini yomsindo omhlophe noma amadivayisi akhipha imisindo yemvelo inganciphisa ukuqaphela ukukhala kwezinhliziyo futhi inikele ekutholeni ubuthongo obunokuthula.
10. Ingabe ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo noma ukwelashwa kuyadingeka?
Uma ukukhala kwezinhliziyo kuhambisana nokungakhululeki, ukukhathazeka noma ukudangala, kungasiza ukuthola ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha nokucabanga.
11. Ingabe ukukhala kwezinhliziyo kwenzeka ezinganeni?
Ukukhala kwezinhliziyo kungavela ezinganeni kodwa kuvame ukuba yinto engavamile uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Kwesinye isikhathi kungadalwa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, izifo noma into engaphandle engena endlebeni.
12. Ngingaya nini kudokotela?
Uma ukukhala kwezinhliziyo kuqale ngokuzumayo, kwenzeka endlebeni eyodwa futhi kunamandla, noma kuhambisana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, isiyezi noma ezinye izimpawu zezinzwa, kunconywa ukuya kudokotela ngokushesha.
13. Ingabe ukukhala kwezinhliziyo kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza?
Kwesinye isikhathi okungavamile, emithanjeni yokuzwa noma esimisweni sobuchopho kungavela izimila ezibonakalisa ukukhala kwezinhliziyo. Uma ukukhala kwezinhliziyo kuhlala isikhathi eside, kusehlangothini olulodwa futhi kuya ngokuya kukhula, kudinga ukuhlolwa.
14. Ingabe ukukhala kwezinhliziyo kungavela emva kokulimala ekhanda noma entanyeni?
Yebo, emva kokulimala, ukukhala kungavela endlebeni noma ekhanda; kuleli cala kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokuhlaziywa.
15. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza namuhla ku-tinnitus?
Izindlela zakamuva zihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwesifo esiyimbangela, amadivayisi okuzwa, ukwelashwa ngomsindo, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha nokucabanga, amadivayisi omsindo omhlophe kanye nezinguquko empilweni.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (World Health Organization) – Ukungezwa kahle nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa
Izikhungo Zezempilo ZaseMelika (NIH) – Tinnitus: Izimbangela, Ukuhlolwa Nokwelashwa
I-Academy YaseMelika Yezindlebe, Ikhala Nomphimbo Kanye Nezokuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo (American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery)
Mayo Clinic – Uhlolojikelele lwe-Tinnitus
British Tinnitus Association – Amashidi amaqiniso e-Tinnitus