Okufanele Kwaziwe Mayelana NeZona (Ukushiswa Kobusuku)

Yini iZona?

IZona, egameni lezokwelapha elithi herpes zoster, iwukugula okubangelwa yigciwane iVarisella Zoster (VZV), okuvame ukuhambisana nobuhlungu kanye nezilonda ezinamathumba esikhumbeni. Leli gciwane lingahlala lifihlakele emzimbeni wakho ngemva kokuba ugulile ngesifo somkhuhlane wesikhumba ebuntwaneni. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, uma amasosha omzimba ebuthaka, lingase liphinde lisebenze futhi libangele isifo seZona. Izilonda zivame ukuvela engxenyeni eyodwa yomzimba, ikakhulukazi esifubeni, emhlane, esiswini, ebusweni noma ezinqeni. IZona ingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu esikhumbeni, ukushisa kanye nokuluma.

Yiziphi Izimpawu ZeZona?

Ukuqala kweZona kuvame ukubonakala ngobuhlungu obukhulu, obushisayo ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Ezinye izimpawu zesifo yilezi:

• Ukushisa, ukuluma nokuluma endaweni enezilonda

• Ukuzwela esikhumbeni kanye nokuba manqikanqika

• Ukubomvu, izilonda ezishintsha zibe amathumba agcwele uketshezi ngesikhathi esifushane

• Ubuhlungu bendawo kanye nomuzwa wokubhoboka

• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni

• Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nobuhlungu bekhanda

• Ukukhathala okuvamile nokudinwa

Izilonda zivela cishe ezinsukwini ezi-2–3 emva kobuhlungu bokuqala nokuzwela. Lezi zilonda zingaqhubeka cishe izinsuku eziyi-10–15. Uma seziba amagobolondo, ukutheleleka kwehla.

IZona Ivela Kanjani?

IZona ivela kubantu asebephatheke ngesifo somkhuhlane wesikhumba ngaphambilini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane iVarisella Zoster lingahlala lifihlakele ezimpandeni zezinzwa ngemva kokugula. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, uma amasosha omzimba ebuthaka, igciwane lingase liphinde lisebenze. Ikakhulukazi:

• Kubantu abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu

• Kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka (isibonelo; abelashwa umdlavuza, abathole ingxenye yomzimba, abane-HIV/AIDS)

• Kubantu abahlangabezana nengcindezi yomzimba noma yengqondo

kuyenzeka kakhulu. Wonke umuntu angathola iZona okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe, kodwa ukuphindaphinda kwenzeka kancane. Kubantu abanezinkinga zamasosha omzimba, ingozi yokuphindaphinda iyanda.

Izindlela Eziqondiswa Ekulashweni KweZona

Namuhla, awekho amakhambi aqeda ngokuphelele iZona. Kodwa imithi yesimanje inikeza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa imiphumela yesifo nokuvimbela izinkinga. Izinhloso eziyisisekelo zokwelashwa wukunciphisa izikhalo nokuvimbela imiphumela engafuneki.

Imithi elwa namagciwane, uma iqala phakathi namahora angu-72 kusukela izimpawu zokuqala zivele, iyashesha ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwegciwane futhi ifinyeze isikhathi sokululama. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela wesikhumba ngokushesha uma izimpawu zokuqala zeZona zibonakala.

Kwezinye izimo, imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu, amakhrimu anesidakamizwa sokubulala ubuhlungu noma amaloshini, kanye nokwelashwa okuthambisa isikhumba ngemva kokugeza kunganconywa. Ukuze izilonda zingatheleleki, kunconywa ukuhlanza ngesisombululo esibulala amagciwane futhi ukunakekela amathumba kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, imithi yokwehlisa izinga lokushisa ingangezwa ekwelashweni.

Ubuhlungu obukhulu nobuqhubekayo (obungaqhubeka izinyanga noma iminyaka embalwa) obubangelwa iZona bubizwa ngokuthi i-postherpetic neuralgia. Ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile nabanezinkinga zamasosha omzimba, imithi yokucindezela imizwa, eminye imithi yezinzwa kanye namabhande okukhethekile obuhlungu kungasetshenziswa.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abathola iZona kufanele baxhumane nodokotela mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane. Ikakhulukazi labo abathola imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba bangadinga ukwelashwa ngemithi efakwa emithanjeni esibhedlela.

IZona Engenazilonda: Izimpawu Zibonakala Kanjani?

IZona engenazilonda, okungukuthi "herpes zoster sine herpete", iyindlela engavamile yesifo. Kulokhu, izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukushisa noma ukuluma emzileni wezinzwa zingavela ngaphandle kwezilonda noma amathumba esikhumbeni. Nakuba kungase kungabikho ukulimala okubonakalayo endaweni ethintekile, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo nokuzwela kungathinta impilo yomuntu kabi. Ukuhlolwa kodokotela kubalulekile ekutholeni lolu hlobo lweZona futhi ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kungenziwa ngemithi efanayo neyeZona evamile.

Okufanele Ukwaziwe Ngokutheleleka KweZona

Isifo seZona asitheleleki kubantu asebephatheke ngesifo somkhuhlane wesikhumba noma abathole umgomo wakhona. Kodwa, umuntu ongakaze agule noma agonyelwe, uma ethintana ngokuqondile noketshezi olusezilondeni zomuntu oneZona, angathola isifo somkhuhlane wesikhumba. IZona isakazeka ngokuthintana phakathi kwabantu; yingakho kunconywa ukuthi abantu abanezilonda ezisebenzayo bavale lezo zindawo futhi banciphise ingozi yokuthintana. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele kugwenywe ukuthintana namaqembu abuthaka njengabakhulelwe, izingane ezingaphansi kwenyanga eyodwa nabanezinkinga zamasosha omzimba.

Izindlela Zokuvikela IZona kanye Nolwazi Lomgomo

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu nevivinyiwe yokuvikela iZona umgomo. Imigomo yeZona (herpes zoster) esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke futhi evunywe yi-FDA, yehlisa kakhulu ukuvela nokuba nzima kwesifo. Umgomo unconywa kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwengozi ngemva kweminyaka engu-60. Umgomo weZona uhlukile kumgomo wesifo somkhuhlane wesikhumba (varicella) futhi uvame ukusetshenziswa izikhathi ezi-1–2.

Imiphumela emincane (ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, ukubomvu, ubuhlungu bekhanda obuncane, ukukhathala) ingavela ngemva komgomo. Le miphumela ivame ukuba yesikhashana; kodwa uma kuvela uphawu olungalindelekile, kufanele uthinte uchwepheshe wezempilo.

Izinto Okufanele Uzinake KwiZona

• Gcina indawo enezilonda yomile futhi ihlanzekile, gwema ukuklwebha amathumba.

• Ukuvala izilonda kwehlisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwabanye. Kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuthi okusetshenziswayo kungathinti ngokuqondile isikhumba.

• Amakhrimu ama-antibiotic akufanele asetshenziswe phezu kwamathumba, angabambezela ukululama.

• Sebenzisa ithawula elithambile ukuhlanza futhi ungabelani ngalo nabanye.

• Khetha izingubo ezenziwe ngotshani futhi ezikhululekile.

• Uma usebenzisa iqhwa, faka indwangu phakathi kwalo nesikhumba, ungaliqondisi ngqo.

• Gwema ukusondelana nabantu abangenawo amasosha omzimba, abakhulelwe, abasanda kuzalwa noma abagulayo kakhulu.

• Kubalulekile ukunaka ukuhlanzeka kwezandla ezindaweni zomphakathi, ungabelani ngezingubo noma izinto zomuntu siqu.

• Kunconywa ukugwema imidlalo yokuthintana kuze kuphele izilonda ezisebenzayo.

IZona Ihlala Isikhathi Esingakanani Futhi Ingaphinda Yenzeke?

Ngokuvamile, isifo seZona siphola sodwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14–28. Uma kuqale ukwelashwa, izikhalo zivame ukuncipha phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-14. Kodwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile nabanezinkinga zamasosha omzimba, isikhathi sokululama singelula futhi kungavela i-postherpetic neuralgia. Uma usuqedele isifo seZona, ukuphindaphinda kwenzeka kancane, kodwa kungavela futhi kubantu abanezinkinga zamasosha omzimba. Uma izimpawu zakho zihlala isikhathi eside noma ubuhlungu bungalawuleki, kunconywa ukuthi uthinte uchwepheshe wezempilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe isifo seZona siyatheleleka?

IZona ingatheleleka kumuntu ongakaze agule noma agonyelwe uma ethintana ngokuqondile nezilonda. Uketshezi olusezilondeni lomuntu ogulayo lunegciwane elisebenzayo; yingakho kufanele kugwenywe ukuthintana nalezi zilonda. Kodwa, iZona ayidluliselwa ngokuqondile phakathi kwabantu; idluliselwa njengesifo somkhuhlane wesikhumba ngokuthintana.

2. Ingabe iZona iphinda kubo bonke abantu?

Iningi labantu lithola iZona kanye kuphela empilweni. Kodwa, kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka, ingozi yokuphindaphinda iyanda.

3. Ngiyibona kanjani iZona?

Ubuhlungu obukhulu bendawo, ukushisa, ukuluma kanye nezilonda ohlangothini olulodwa kuyizimpawu ezivelele ekuqaleni. Uma unezikhalo ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela wesikhumba ukuze kutholakale isifo.

4. Ukwelashwa kweZona kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Uma kuqale ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi, izimpawu zivame ukuncipha phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Isikhathi esiphelele sesifo sithatha phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14–28.

5. Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswa kwiZona?

Imithi elwa namagciwane iyona ndlela eyinhloko yokwelapha. Ikakhulukazi uma kuqale phakathi nezinsuku ezintathu zokuqala, ukusebenza kwayo kuyanda. Imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu, imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu bezinzwa kanye kwezinye izimo imithi yokucindezela imizwa kungasetshenziswa.

6. Kungenzeka yini ukuhlala nomuntu oneZona ekhaya?

Yebo, kodwa kufanele kugwenywe ukuthintana ngokuqondile nendawo enezilonda futhi abantu abasengozini (abakhulelwe, izingane, abanezinkinga zamasosha omzimba) bavikelwe.

7. Ingabe umgomo uvimbela iZona ngokuphelele?

Awukho umgomo onikeza ukuvikelwa okungu-100%, kodwa ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, imigomo yeZona yehlisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nesifo kanye nobunzima baso.

8. Ingabe izimpawu zezona zishiya imihuzuko?

Ngemva kokuphola kwezilonda, kwabanye abantu kungase kube khona ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba noma imihuzuko emincane. Ukungaklwebheki kanye nokunakekelwa kahle kwezilonda kwehlisa ingozi yokushiyeka kwemihuzuko.

9. Kungani izinhlungu zezona zihlala isikhathi eside?

Ukutheleleka kwamagumbi ezinzwa (postherpetic neuralgia) kwabanye abantu kungaholela ezinhlungeni ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi ezibuthakathaka. Kulesi simo, ukwelashwa okufanele kwezinhlungu kungathuthukisa izinga lempilo.

10. Ingabe umgomo wezona unezinhlangothi ezingezinhle?

Ngemva komgomo, ngokuvamile kubonakala imiphumela emincane (ukubomvu, izinhlungu, umkhuhlane omncane). Le miphumela emibi ivamise ukuphela esikhathini esifushane.

11. Ingabe i-zona iyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Nakuba i-zona ingavamile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuhlolwa kodokotela kubalulekile ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngemithi. Ngaphambi kokungenelela ekwelashweni, kufanele kuthintwe udokotela.

12. I-zona engenazo izilonda itholakala kanjani?

Uma izimpawu ezijwayelekile zingekho, ukuthola lesi sifo kuba nzima. Uma unezinhlungu ezinzima endaweni ethile, kuwusizo ukubonana nochwepheshe bezifo zesikhumba noma bezinzwa.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO), "Herpes Zoster (Shingles) – Fact sheets".

• Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC), "Shingles (Herpes Zoster)".

• Inhlangano Yezifo Zesikhumba YaseMelika, “Shingles: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention”.

• I-Mayo Clinic, "Shingles: Symptoms and Causes".

• Inhlangano Yezidakamizwa YaseYurophu (EMA), "Herpes Zoster vaccines".