Ukuphefumula Ngokunzima (i-Dispne): Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nezindlela Zokuxazulula

Yini Ukuphelelwa Umoya?

Ukuphelelwa umoya noma ngokwesayensi okubizwa ngokuthi i-dispne, kuyisimo lapho umuntu ezwa ukuthi akakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuphelele amandla akhe okuphefumula futhi aqaphele kakhulu inqubo yokuphefumula. Izinyakatho zokuphefumula ezingavamile empilweni yansuku zonke ziba sobala kubantu abaphethwe ukuphelelwa umoya. Imvamisa lesi simo sichazwa ngokuthi "ukuzwa sengathi umoya awanele", "ukulangazelela umoya" noma "ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuphelele". Lokhu kungavela lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi, uhamba ngokushesha noma kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasemphumeleni. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angazizwa engakhululekile nakuba ephefumula ngokwanele. Ukuphelelwa umoya kuyisibonakaliso okufanele kuhlolwe ngezindlela eziningi ngoba kungabangelwa izimbangela zomzimba noma ezingokwengqondo.

Ukuphelelwa Umoya Kuvela Ngezimo Zini?

Ukuphelelwa umoya kuyisikhalo okungathinta imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuphila futhi kubangele ukwehla kwekhwalithi yokuphila. Nakuba kungavela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, izici eziyinhloko zifaka ubunzima ekuphefumuleni kanye nokuqaphela kakhulu le nqubo. Ukuphelelwa umoya kungadalwa izifo zesifuba noma zenhliziyo, noma ngenxa yezimo zengqondo kanye nezinye izifo zomzimba.

Ngokwezokwelapha, ukuphelelwa umoya kuvame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Izimbangela ezivela esifubeni: Izifo noma ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuphefumula.

2. Izimbangela ezingaphandle kwesifuba: Ikakhulukazi izifo zenhliziyo, ukushoda kwegazi, ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba kanye nezimo zengqondo.

Ukuphelelwa umoya okuqala ngokushesha kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo zenhliziyo nesifuba. Izikhalo eziqala kancane futhi zande ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zikhombisa izimbangela ezingapheli noma ezingezona eziphuthumayo. Futhi izinkinga zesakhiwo emathunjini noma ezindleleni zokuphefumula eziphezulu zingadala ubunzima bokungena komoya.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezivame Ukuhlotshaniswa Nokuphelelwa Umoya?

Ukuphelelwa umoya kungavela nezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nakho. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubunzima ekuphefumuleni

• Ukuzwa sengathi umoya awanele noma ukuphelelwa umoya

• Ukuphefumula okunephimbo, okungajwayelekile noma okufana nomsindo wokuhlokoma

• Ukuzizwa kunokucindezeleka noma ubuhlungu esifubeni

• Ukuvuka ebusuku ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuphefumula

• Ukukhathala ngokushesha emisebenzini edinga umzamo njengokukhuphuka izitebhisi, nokudinga ukuphumula kaningi

• Ukukhwehlela okuhambisana negazi

• Ukukhwehlela okungazelelwe noma okuqhubekayo

• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo noma ukukhathala okukhulu

• Ukujikeleza ikhanda, nobuhlungu bekhanda

• Ukukhukhumala ezithweni ezinjengamathanga noma izinyawo (ukuvuvukala)

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

• Ukudideka kwengqondo noma ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda okwesikhashana

• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Uma noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu ihambisana nokuphelelwa umoya, kubalulekile ukubonana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze kutholakale ubucayi besimo.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuphelelwa Umoya?

Izimbangela zokuphelelwa umoya ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa zaba yizigaba ezimbili: ezihlobene nesifuba kanye nezingaphandle kwesifuba.

Izimbangela ezivela esifubeni zingafaka phakathi:

• Izifo ezinciphisa izindlela zokuphefumula ezifana nesifuba somoya (asthma) kanye ne-bronchitis

• Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvinjelwa Kwezindlela Zokuphefumula (KOAH)

• Umkhuhlane wesifuba (zatüre/pneumonia)

• Pneumothorax (ukwehla noma ukuwa kwesifuba)

• I-Pulmonary embolism (ukwakheka kweqhwa egazini lesifuba)

• Umdlavuza wesifuba

• Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ezintweni ezilimazayo noma amakhemikhali

• Izimpendulo zokungezwani komzimba

• Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kanye nokungcola komoya

• Ukuvinjelwa kwezindlela zokuphefumula ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni)

Izimbangela ezingaphandle kwesifuba zivame ukufaka:

• Izifo zenhliziyo (njengesifo senhliziyo noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo)

• Ukushoda kwegazi (anemia)

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kokujikeleza kwegazi

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (obesity)

• Izifo zemithambo yegazi (isb. Guillain-Barre syndrome, Myasthenia gravis)

• Izimbangela zengqondo (isb. i-panic attack, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka)

• Ukulahlekelwa igazi noma ukwehla kokusebenza komzimba

• Ukuguga

Kwezinye izimo lezi zimbangela zingavela ndawonye. Kungakhathalekile imbangela, ukuphelelwa umoya kufanele kuthathwe ngokubaluleka futhi kudingeka ukubonana nodokotela ukuze kutholakale imbangela yakhona.

Yiziphi Izindlela Esetshenziswa Ekutholeni Ukuphelelwa Umoya?

Uma umuntu ekhala ngokuphelelwa umoya, kuqala kuthathwa umlando ogcwele wesiguli. Ngemva kwalokho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi uma kudingeka kwenziwe lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-X-ray yesifuba

• Izivivinyo zokusebenza kokuphefumula

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

• I-CT scan

• I-bronchoscopy

• I-EKG kanye nezivivinyo zenhliziyo (uma kusolwa imbangela yenhliziyo)

• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo uma kudingeka

Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa, imbangela yokuphelelwa umoya ichazwa ngokucacile futhi kwakhiwa uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nesiguli.

Yiziphi Izingxenye Zobuchwepheshe Ezithinta Ukuphelelwa Umoya?

Abantu abaphethwe ukuphelelwa umoya bangabheka udokotela womndeni noma udokotela wezifo zangaphakathi kuqala. Ngokwezimbangela, udokotela wezifo zesifuba (pulmonology) angahlola izifo zesifuba, kanti udokotela we-cardiology angahlola izinkinga zenhliziyo. Uma kudingeka, kungatholakala usizo lwezisebenzi eziningi zezempilo.

Yiziphi Izifo Zesifuba Ezibangela Ukuphelelwa Umoya?

Ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuphelelwa umoya ezivela esifubeni zifaka i-asthma, i-bronchitis kanye ne-KOAH. I-asthma ikakhulukazi ibangela ukuvinjelwa kwezindlela zokuphefumula kanye nomuzwa wokucindezeleka esifubeni. Ukuphefumula okunephimbo noma okufana nomsindo wokuhlokoma kuvame kakhulu. Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukungezwani komzimba, ukuzivocavoca okunzima noma umoya ongcolile kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwezindlela zokuphefumula. Futhi amagciwane ayingozi, amakhemikhali okuhlanza noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokuhlanza kungabangela ukuphelelwa umoya.

I-pneumothorax (ukwehla kwesifuba) ivela ngobuhlungu kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula okungazelelwe, kanti i-pulmonary embolism (ukwakheka kweqhwa egazini lesifuba) ivela ngobuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ukukhwehlela okunezimpawu zegazi, ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda kanye nokuphelelwa umoya okukhulu.

Izifo Zenhliziyo Ezibangela Ukuphelelwa Umoya

Izifo zenhliziyo nazo ziyimbangela ebalulekile yokuphelelwa umoya. Ku-heart attack esigabeni sokuqala kanye nesifo senhliziyo esingapheli, ukuphelelwa umoya kuvame ukuvela. Futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, izifo zamavalvu enhliziyo ezingabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kokujikeleza kwegazi kungabangela umuzwa wokungakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwanele. Ukukhukhumala kwesifuba okubangelwa inhliziyo kuyisimo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okuhambisana nokuphelelwa umoya okukhulu kanye nokuvuvukala.

Yini Engasiza Ukuphelelwa Umoya?

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ukuphelelwa umoya ukuqala ngokuthola imbangela bese kuqalwa ukwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Inqubo yokwelashwa kufanele ihlelwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ekulawuleni izikhalo:

• Gwema ngokuphelele ugwayi nemikhiqizo yotshwala

• Gwema umoya ongcolile kanye nokuphefumula amakhemikhali amaningi

• Qinisekisa ukuvuthela kahle izindawo zokuhlala

• Khulisa ukuzivocavoca ukuze uqine imisipha yokuphefumula, kodwa uqale uhlelo lokuzivocavoca ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela

• Qaphela isisindo somzimba

• Vikela ekuthintaneni nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba

• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwezempilo njalo

Futhi ukuphatha kahle ingcindezi, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphefumula ezifanele kanye nokulala kahle kunomthelela omuhle empilweni yokuphefumula.

Amasu Aphumelela Ukunciphisa Ukuphelelwa Umoya

Kubantu abaphethwe izifo zokuphefumula ezingapheli, ukungezwani komzimba noma ezinye izifo ezingapheli, ukulandela njalo nokuthatha imishanguzo efanele kubalulekile. Ukuyeka ugwayi, ukuzivocavoca njalo kanye nokulawula isisindo somzimba kudlala indima enkulu ekunciphiseni ukuphelelwa umoya. Ukufunda izivivinyo zokuphefumula kanye namasu okuphumula kungasiza ekuphefumuleni kahle nsuku zonke. Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo, ukuphelelwa umoya noma ubuhlungu besifuba kuvela ngisho nasemphumeleni, kufanele ngokushesha uye esikhungweni sezempilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kungani ukuphelelwa umoya kwenzeka?

Ukuphelelwa umoya kungavela ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezahlukene ezifaka izifo zesifuba noma zenhliziyo, ukushoda kwegazi, ukukhuluphala, izifo zemithambo yegazi, imithelela yemvelo kanye nezimbangela zengqondo.

2. Kumele ngibheke muphi udokotela uma ngiphelelwa umoya?

Udokotela womndeni, uchwepheshe wezifo zangaphakathi, uchwepheshe wezifo zomoya (pulmonology) noma uchwepheshe wekhadiyoloji bangakwazi ukuhlola lokhu. Ukuqondiswa kwenziwa ngokuya ngezinkinga zakho nezimbangela ezingaphansi.

3. Uma ukuphelelwa umoya kuqale ngokuzumayo, kufanele ngenzeni?

Uma ukuphelelwa umoya kuqale ngokuzumayo futhi kunamandla, noma kunezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba noma ukulahlekelwa umqondo, kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo.

4. Ngiphelelwa umoya kodwa anginayo imikhuhlane, kungaba yinto yengqondo?

Yebo, ingcindezi yengqondo, ukukhathazeka kanye ne-panic attack kungadala ukuphelelwa umoya. Kodwa kufanele kuqedwe izimbangela zezokwelapha kuqala.

5. Ngingenzenjani ekhaya ukuze nginciphise ukuphelelwa umoya?

Ukuyeka ukubhema nezinye izindlela eziyingozi, ukuvulela umoya endlini, ukuzivikela ezingcindezini nasezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani, nokwenza izivivinyo zokuphefumula ezifundiswa udokotela kungasiza.

6. Kwenzenjani uma ukuphelelwa umoya kwenzeka ngisalele?

Uma uphelelwa umoya ebusuku, ikakhulukazi uma kunokungaphefumuli kahle ngesikhathi sokulala, izifo zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu, kufanele uhlolwe; xhumana nodokotela wakho.

7. Kwenziwa kanjani ukulawula ukuphelelwa umoya ku-Asthma nase-KOAH?

Ukwelashwa okufanele ngemithi, ukuyeka ukubhema kanye nokuhlolwa njalo ngudokotela kungavimbela ukuhlasela. Izivivinyo zokuphefumula ezenzelwe umuntu zingasiza futhi.

8. Yini ebangela ukuphelelwa umoya ezinganeni?

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zifaka phakathi izifo zomoya ophezulu, i-asthma, ukungezwani nezinto ezithile kanye nokufakwa kwento engaphandle emgodleni wokuphefumula. Ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuzumayo kudinga ukungenelela ngokushesha.

9. Ubani ovame ukuphelelwa umoya?

Kubantu asebekhulile, abathanda ukubhema, abanezifo ezingapheli kanye nalabo abaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, ukuphelelwa umoya kungavela kakhulu.

10. Ingabe ukuphelelwa umoya kungaxhunyaniswa nesimo somzimba?

Yebo, kubantu abanesisindo esikhulu, amandla wamaphaphu angancipha futhi imisipha yokuphefumula ingase ibe sengcupheni; lokhu kungaba yimbangela yokuphelelwa umoya.

11. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa uma uphelelwa umoya?

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa komlando wesiguli nokuhlolwa komzimba, kungacelwa i-x-ray yamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, izivivinyo zokusebenza kwamaphaphu, i-EKG kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ezithuthukile uma kudingeka.

12. Ingabe ukuphelelwa umoya kungaba kwesikhashana?

Yebo, uma kubangelwa ukutheleleka noma umthelela wesikhashana wemvelo, kungaphola ngokuphelele. Kodwa uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) — Imininingwane Ngezifo Zokuphefumula Ezihlala Njalo

• Inhlangano YamaLung American (American Lung Association) — Kuyini Ukuphelelwa Umoya?

• Inhlangano Yenhliziyo YaseMelika (American Heart Association) — Ukuphelelwa Umoya

• IChest Journal — Ukuhlolwa Kokuphelelwa Umoya Ezibhedlela

• European Respiratory Society — Imihlahlandlela Yokuhlola Ukuphelelwa Umoya