Izikhathi Zokukhula Ezinganeni Ezincane: Zisho Ukuthini Futhi Imindeni Kumele Iqaphele Ini?
Osana kusukela ekuzalweni eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwabo bayashintsha futhi bathuthuke ngokushesha. Izikhathi zokukhula eziwumgogodla wale nqubekela phambili, yizikhathi zemvelo lapho osana benza izinyathelo ezibalulekile ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba esikhathini esifushane. Imvamisa, cishe wonke usana luhlangabezana nalezi zikhathi kuze kube seminyakeni emibili, kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwengane ngayinye kungahluka.
Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo Ngezikhathi Zokukhula
Izikhathi zokukhula; izikhathi ezimfishane kodwa ezinamandla lapho osana bethuthuka kakhulu emasontweni athile okukhula kwabo. Lezi zikhathi zivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine, kanti ngezinye izikhathi zinganweba ziye emasontweni ambalwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho okucatshangwa, izikhathi zokukhula aziyona uphawu lwesifo noma ukugula; kunalokho, ziyingxenye yokukhula okunempilo.
Abazali abaningi bangabona izinguquko ezisheshayo ezenzakalayo ekuziphatheni kwengane ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokukhula. Ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokulala, ukwanda noma ukuncipha kokudla, ukungakhululeki, ukufuna ibele kakhulu noma ukulinqaba, ukukhala kakhulu kuyizimpawu ezivamile kulezi zikhathi. Nakuba lezi zinguquko zingakhathaza abazali, ngokuvamile ziyadlula ngokushesha.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Eziyinhloko Zezikhathi Zokukhula?
Izinguquko ezingabonakala ezinganeni ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokukhula zingaba:
Ukungafuni ukudla noma ukwanda kokudla ngokuzumayo
Ukufuna ukusondelana kakhulu kunina noma kuyise
Ukufuna ukuncela kaningi noma ukwenqaba ukuncelisa
Ukukhala kakhulu nokungakhululeki
Ubunzima ekulaleni noma ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokulala
Ukucasuka nokukhala okuphindaphindiwe
Ukungabi nentshisekelo emidlalweni noma emisebenzini ayeyithanda
Izikhalo zokugaya ukudla ezifana nokushisa komzimba, isifo sohudo noma ukungakwazi ukuya endlini (akuvamile)
Ukungafuni ukuhlala yedwa, ukwanda kokuncika kwabazali
Akuzona zonke izingane ezibonisa zonke lezi zimpawu. Futhi, kwezinye izingane kungavela izikhalo ezifana nesikhumba esinamabala noma izimpawu ezifanayo nokutheleleka okuncane. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezikhathi zokukhula; kodwa uma zihlala isikhathi eside noma ziba zimbi, kubalulekile ukubonana nochwepheshe bezempilo.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Zezikhathi Zokukhula?
Izimbangela eziqondile zezikhathi zokukhula azikacaci ngokwesayensi. Nokho, kunezizathu ezithile ezihlobene nenqubekela phambili yomzimba nengqondo ezinganeni:
Ukukhula Kwekhanda: Iminyaka emibili yokuqala iyisikhathi lapho ikhanda likhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Kule nkathi, amaseli obuchopho axhumana kabusha futhi izingane zithola amakhono amaningi engqondo nomzimba.
Amahormone: Izikhathi zokukhula zingahambisana nokwanda kokukhishwa kwehomoni yokukhula namanye amahomoni okuthuthuka. Lokhu kungabangela izinguquko zengqondo.
Uhlelo Lokulala: Ukukhula kwengane kungenza kube nzima ukugcina uhlelo lokulala. Amanye amaprotein akhishwa ngesikhathi sokulala kucatshangwa ukuthi asiza ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho.
Ukudla: Ukungondleki kahle noma ukungalingani kokudla kungathinta izikhathi zokukhula. Ukungalingani kokudla kuvamile kulezi zikhathi.
Izinguquko Zemvelo: Izinguquko empilweni ezifana nokuthuthela kwenye indawo noma ukufika komuntu omusha emndenini zingabangela izimpawu zokukhula ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwezinye izingane.
Umehluko Ngokomuntu: Izimo zofuzo nezemvelo zomntwana ngamunye zihlukile. Yingakho isikhathi, amandla nezimpawu zezikhathi zokukhula kungahluka.
Izikhathi zokukhula imvamisa ziyinkomba yokuthuthuka okunempilo. Kodwa abazali bangaxhumana nodokotela wezingane uma bekhathazekile ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwengane yabo.
Izikhathi Ezivame Ukuvela Ngazo Izikhathi Zokukhula
Ochwepheshe babika ukuthi osana bahlala bedlula cishe ezikhathini eziyishumi zokukhula ezinyangeni ezingama-20 zokuqala zokuphila. Lezi zikhathi zivame ukuvela emasontweni athile. Kodwa, isikhathi singahluka ngezinsuku noma amasonto kuye ngengane, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, lapho kubhekwa usuku olwalulindelwe lokuzalwa.
Izikhathi Ezivame Ukuvela Ngazo Izikhathi Zokukhula:
Isonto loku-1: Ukuqala kokuthuthuka kwemizwa. Ingane iqala ukusabela emvelweni ngezwi noma ngezimpawu zobuso.
Isonto loku-5: Ukwanda kokuqaphela imizwa. Ingane ingakhala noma ingakhululeki.
Isonto loku-8: Isikhathi sokusabela. Ingane iphendula ebusweni bomzali, ilandele izinto.
Isonto loku-12: Amakhono okulingisa ayathuthuka. Ingane iqala ukulingisa imisindo nezimpawu zobuso, kuthuthuka amakhono okunyakaza.
Isonto loku-19: Ukuqala kokwelula izandla, ukubamba nokubamba izinto.
Isonto loku-26: Amakhono okuxhumana nabanye ayathuthuka; ingane ingaqala ukusho "mama" noma "baba", idlale futhi isabele kwabantu ongabazi.
Isonto loku-37: Ukunyakaza komzimba nokulinganisela kuthuthuka; ingane izama ukuvuka futhi ithathe izinyathelo zokuqala.
Isonto loku-46: Intuthuko ekukhuleni kolimi, ukuqala kwamagama amasha nemisho elula.
Isonto loku-55: Amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga ayathuthuka; ingane ingakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga ezilula.
Isonto loku-64 no-75: Izimpawu zokuzimela nokusungula ziyanda; ingane ingenza izinto ezithile yodwa futhi ikhombise umcabango emidlalweni.
Ezingeneni ezidlule iminyaka emibili, izikhathi zokukhula zivame ukuba zihlukaniswe futhi zibe buthakathaka.
Yini Engenziwa Ngabazali Ngesikhathi Sezikhathi Zokukhula?
Kuyinto evamile ukuthi kube nezinguquko ohlelweni lwansuku zonke lwengane ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokukhula. Kule nkathi, ukubekezela, ukuqonda nokusekela kuyasiza ingane ukuthi idlule kalula kulesi sikhathi. Ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lokulala nokudla lungashintsha; ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nezinga lokuguquguquka nokunakekela izidingo zengane.
Ezinye izindlela ezinconyiwe kule nkathi:
Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho izizwa iphephile, yazi ukuthi ukhona eduze kwayo.
Yamukela ukungafuni ukudla noma ukwanda kokudla; yondla ingane ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokuyiphoqa.
Yiba nezinga lokuguquguquka uma uhlelo lokulala luguquka; hlala eduze ngesikhathi sokulala esengeziwe noma uma ivuka kakhulu.
Uma ingane ingafuni ukuncela noma ibhodlela, zama ukuba nokuthula nokubekezela.
Uma kubonakala izimpawu ezisheshayo noma ezinzima (ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu, ukuhlanza isikhathi eside, isifo sohudo, ukungakhululeki okukhulu), xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.
Ukuze uthole izeluleko zezokwelapha noma ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngezikhathi zokukhula, kubalulekile ukuba uxhumane nodokotela wezingane njalo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Izikhathi zokukhula zivame ukwenzeka nini ezinganeni?
Izikhathi zokukhula zivame ukuvela emasontweni athile phakathi nezinyanga ezingama-20 zokuqala zokuphila. Kodwa, isikhathi singahluka kuye ngengane.
2. Kubakhona isikhathi esingakanani sokungakhululeki noma ukungafuni ukudla okuhlotshaniswa nezikhathi zokukhula?
Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine futhi ngokuvamile ziyadlula zodwa. Uma zihlala isikhathi eside noma ziba zimbi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
3. Ingabe izikhathi zokukhula ziyisifo?
Cha, izikhathi zokukhula ngokuvamile aziyona uphawu lwesifo. Ziyingxenye yemvelo yokuthuthuka okunempilo.
4. Kumele ngenzeni uma ingane yami idlula esikhathini sokukhula?
Kubalulekile ukuba nokubekezela nokuqonda, futhi wenze ingane yakho izizwe ukuthi ukhona eduze kwayo. Uma kudingeka, cela usizo kudokotela wezingane.
5. Ingabe izikhathi zokukhula zenzeka ngendlela efanayo ezinganeni zonke?
Cha, izikhathi zokukhula ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezingane. Isikhathi, izimpawu nesikhathi zihluka kumuntu nomuntu.
6. Kungani kubalulekile ukuqonda izimpawu zezikhathi zokukhula enganeni yakho?
Ukuqonda izinguquko ezenzeka kulezi zikhathi kusiza abazali ukuthi bangakhathazeki futhi kube lula ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zengane ukuze iqhubeke nokuthuthuka kahle ngokomoya nangokomzimba.
7. Kumele ngenzeni uma ingane yami iba nokushisa komzimba noma amabala esikhunjeni ngesikhathi sokukhula?
Ukushisa komzimba okuncane namabala kungase kuhlotshaniswe nezikhathi zokukhula. Kodwa uma kuba nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuhlanza isikhathi eside, isifo sohudo noma amabala amaningi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
8. Izikhathi zokukhula zibalwa kanjani ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi?
Ezingeneni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izikhathi zokukhula zibhekwa kusukela osukwini olwalulindelwe lokuzalwa, hhayi osukwini lwangempela lokuzalwa.
9. Kungani izikhathi zokukhula zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ingane?
Lezi zikhathi yizikhathi lapho amakhono amaningi engqondo nomzimba eqala ukutholakala, futhi ukukhula kobuchopho nomzimba kubonakala kakhulu.
10. Ngingenzenjani uma uhlelo lokuncelisa lushintsha ngesikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo?
Ingane yakho ingase ingafuni ukuncela noma ifune ukuncela njalo. Yiba nesineke, ungayiphoqi futhi uma kudingeka, xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze nithole indlela efanele.
11. Isikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo sithatha isikhathi esingakanani?
Ngokuvamile sithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi singathatha isonto noma isikhathi eside. Uma isimo siqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi siba sibi, kudingeka uthole usizo lwezokwelapha.
12. Yiziphi izinto okufanele ngizinake ukuze nginciphise imiphumela yokukhula okusheshayo?
Yondla ingane yakho ngaphandle kokuyicindezela, nikeza indawo ephephile nenethezekile, unake izidingo zayo zokulala ezishintshayo nezidingo zayo zengqondo.
13. Ingabe izinguquko zemvelo zithinta ukukhula okusheshayo?
Yebo, izinguquko zokuphila nengcindezi zingavusa ukukhula okusheshayo noma zithinte isikhathi sako.
14. Yiziphi izinguquko ezingabonakala enganeni emva kokukhula okusheshayo?
Kungavela amakhono amasha okunyakaza nawokuxhumana nabanye, ukuqaphela okwengeziwe kwemvelo, ukuthuthuka kolimi kanye nesifiso sokuzimela.
Imithombo
World Health Organization (WHO). “Infant and young child feeding: Model Chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals.”
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Child Development: Infants (0-1 year).”
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). “Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5.”
Pediatrics (Hakemli dergi): “Patterns of growth and development in infants and young children.”
HealthyChildren.org, American Academy of Pediatrics.