Okufanele Ukwazi NgeMigreni: Incazelo Yayo, Izinhlobo, Izimpawu Nokuphathwa Kwayo
Yiziphi Izici Eziyinhloko Ezihlukanisa Umkhuhlane Wekhanda Womgogodla Nezinye Izinhlobo Zobuhlungu Bekhanda?
Umkhuhlane womgogodla, uhlobo lobuhlungu bekhanda olungaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi empilweni, luvame ukuphindaphinda futhi kwesinye isikhathi luthatha amahora noma izinsuku. Luvame ukuthinta abantu abasebenza kakhulu futhi luhamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele njengomunye wemikhuhlane eqhubekayo ebangela ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi. Ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, lutholakala kaningi kunakwabesilisa; ngokocwaningo, cishe owesifazane oyedwa kwabahlanu utholakala nomkhuhlane womgogodla, kuyilapho kwabesilisa kuba oyedwa kwabashumi amabili. Nakuba lungaqala ebuntwaneni, luvame ukuqala ngesikhathi sokuthomba futhi luvame ukwehla ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphela kokuya esikhathini.
Yiziphi Izici Zokwelashwa KweMigraine?
Umkhuhlane womgogodla uyisifo sezinzwa esingapheli esihambisana nokuphindaphinda kobuhlungu bekhanda ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokujwayelekile, ubuhlungu bekhanda obuvame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuhlasela bungagxila ohlangothini olulodwa, buvame ukuba busemkhawulweni ophakathi nendawo noma obukhulu, futhi buvame ukuba buhlokoma. Izimpawu ezivame ukuhambisana nobuhlungu zihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukugabha, nokuzwela ekukhanyeni noma emsindweni. Kwesinye isikhathi, iziguli zingaba nesikhathi esingenabo ubuhlungu phakathi kokuhlasela.
Izici zofuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komkhuhlane womgogodla. Abantu abanomlando womndeni banengozi enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Kodwa akugcini nje ngokufuzo kuphela, izici zemvelo nazo zibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwalesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umkhuhlane womgogodla akusona isifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo kuphela, kodwa izici zofuzo nezemvelo zombili ziyasebenza.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zomkhuhlane Womgogodla?
Umkhuhlane womgogodla uhlukaniswa waba amaqembu amabili amakhulu ekulandeleni kwezokwelashwa:
Umkhuhlane Womgogodla Ongekho Aura: Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ukuhlasela kobuhlungu bekhanda kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-72. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuba buseceleni olulodwa futhi bungakhula uma umuntu enza imisebenzi ethile. Ukuhlasela kungahambisana nokuzwela ekukhanyeni noma emsindweni.
Umkhuhlane Womgogodla One-Aura: Uhlanganisa cishe u-10% weziguli zomkhuhlane womgogodla. Ngaphambi kokuqala kobuhlungu bekhanda – ngokuvamile cishe ihora elilodwa ngaphambi – izimpawu zesikhashana ezifana nokuphazamiseka kombono (imigqa eqondile, ukukhanya okukhazimulayo, izikhala embonweni), ukuzwa ukuluma noma ubuthakathaka, isiyezi noma ukuphazamiseka kokukhuluma kungavela. Ukuhlasela okune-aura noma okungenayo kungaba nobukhulu obufanayo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinhlobo ezingavamile ezifana nomkhuhlane womgogodla oqhubekayo (okuchazwa ngokuba nobuhlungu bekhanda okungenani izinsuku eziyi-15 ngenyanga kanye nezinsuku eziyi-8 zokuhlasela komkhuhlane womgogodla), kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile.
Yini Ebanga Umkhuhlane Womgogodla? Yiziphi Izici Ezibangela Ukuhlasela?
Nakuba kungakacaci ngokuphelele ukuthi yini ebangela umkhuhlane womgogodla, kucatshangwa ukuthi lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yezinguquko zokusebenza phakathi kwemithambo yegazi nezinzwa ebuchosheni. Uhlelo lwezinzwa lwabantu abane-migraine luzwela kakhulu kwezinye izikhuthazo futhi izici ezahlukene zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle zingaqalisa ukuhlasela.
Izici zofuzo zidlala indima ekwakhekeni komkhuhlane womgogodla; ikakhulukazi labo abanomndeni onalesi sifo banengozi enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezeleka, ukungalali kahle, izinguquko zamahomoni, izinguquko zesimo sezulu noma isizini, ukudla noma iziphuzo ezithile, iphunga elithile noma umsindo kungaba yizimbangela ezithile eziqala ukuhlasela komkhuhlane womgogodla kumuntu ngamunye.
Ungazibona Kanjani Izimpawu Zomkhuhlane Womgogodla?
Umkhuhlane womgogodla uvame ukuvela ngezikhathi ezine eziyinhloko ezilandelanayo:
1. Isikhathi se-Prodrom:
Ezihoreni ngaphambi kokuhlasela noma ngosuku olwandulela, izimpawu ezifana nokucasuka okuncane, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sengqondo, ukungabi nentshisekelo, izinguquko ekulaleni nasekudleni, noma ukuqina endaweni yentamo kungavela.
2. Isikhathi se-Aura:
Akubona bonke abanesifo ababa nalezi zimpawu, kodwa kwabanye, ngaphambi kobuhlungu bekhanda noma ngesikhathi sokuqala kwabo, kungavela ukuphazamiseka kombono, ukuzwa noma izimpawu zezinzwa (isibonelo ukukhanya okukhazimulayo, izikhala embonweni, ukuluma, ukuzwa ukuluma noma ngisho nobunzima bokukhuluma). Izimpawu ze-aura zivame ukuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwehora elilodwa.
3. Isikhathi Sobuhlungu (Ubuhlungu Bekhanda):
Ubuhlungu bekhanda buvame ukuba buseceleni olulodwa, buhlokoma futhi bukhulu; kodwa bungathinta ikhanda lonke. Izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ukugabha, ukuzwela ekukhanyeni, emsindweni noma ngisho nasephungwini zivame ukuhambisana nobuhlungu. Ukuhlala endaweni emnyama, ethule noma ukulala kuvame ukusiza. Lesi sikhathi singathatha amahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa.
4. Isikhathi se-Postdrom:
Ngemuva kokwehla kobuhlungu, abantu bangazizwa bekhathele, bedidekile, benezinga elincane lobuhlungu bekhanda noma benokungakwazi ukugxila, okungathatha amahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Singawuhlukanisa Kanjani Umkhuhlane Womgogodla Futhi Siqinisekise Ukuxilongwa?
Ukuxilongwa komkhuhlane womgogodla kuvame ukwenziwa ngokubona izimpawu ezijwayelekile. Ikakhulukazi iminyaka yokuqala yokuhlasela, izici zezimpawu kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo kuyahlolwa. Imvamisa asikho isidingo sokwenza izivivinyo zokuthwebula noma ezelabhorethri; kodwa uma kudingeka ukuhlukanisa nezinye izifo noma uma kukhona okunye okungajwayelekile, izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingenziwa. Kunconywa ukuthintana nochwepheshe wezinzwa uma kudingeka.
Yiziphi Izici Ezibangela Ukuhlasela Komkhuhlane Womgogodla?
Izimbangela zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu kodwa ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
Ukweqa ukudla noma ukulamba
Ukungalali kahle
Ukucindezeleka
Ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni okukhazimulayo, umsindo omkhulu noma amaphunga aqinile
Uphuzo oludakayo (ikakhulukazi iwayini elibomvu)
Ukudla okuthile njengoshokholethi, inyama eqhathanisiwe, ushizi ovuthiwe
Izinguquko zamahomoni (isb: isikhathi sokuya esikhathini)
Izinguquko zesimo sezulu, ukungcola komoya
Ukubhema noma ukuphefumula intuthu kagwayi
Ukuqaphela lezi zimbangela nokuzigwema ngangokunokwenzeka kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwehliseni ukuvama kokuhlasela.
Iyini Imiphumela Yokudla KuMigraine?
Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinto ezithile zokudla ezihlobene nokuhlasela komkhuhlane womgogodla. Inyama eqhathanisiwe enama-nitrate njengososeji, isalami, noma i-sucuk; ushizi one-tiramine ephezulu; iziphuzo ezinephunga noma ezibandayo; ukudla okuthosiwe okunamafutha kungabangela ubuhlungu bekhanda. Futhi inani likakhofi, itiye noma uphuzo oludakayo kungathinta ingozi yokuhlasela. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokudla ezibangela ubuhlungu kumuntu ngamunye nokuthatha izinyathelo kuyasiza.
Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Ezisetshenziswa Ekuphathweni Komkhuhlane Womgogodla?
Yize kungakatholakali ukwelashwa okuqinisekile, okungapheli komkhuhlane womgogodla, kunezindlela eziningi ezisebenzayo zokwehlisa ukuvama nobukhulu bokuhlasela nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo. Indlela yokwelapha yenziwa ngokwezifiso ngumelaphi kuye ngokuvama kokuhlasela, ubukhulu bezimpawu kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezihambisana nazo.
Ukwelashwa Ngemithi
Imithi yokwelapha umkhuhlane womgogodla ihlukaniswa yaba amaqembu amabili amakhulu:
Ukwelashwa kokuhlasela okuphuthumayo: Kusetshenziswa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda obuqala ngokuzumayo nezimpawu ezihambisana nabo. Imithi elula yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, ama-NSAID, ama-triptan kanye nezinye izindlela ezikhethekile zingaqalwa ngeluleko likadokotela.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo (prophylactic): Kusetshenziswa ezigulini ezihlaselwa okungenani kabili ngenyanga, ezinezikhathi ezinde zokuhlasela noma lapho ukuhlasela kuthinta kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke. Ama-beta blocker, ama-antidepressant, ama-antiepileptic, ama-calcium channel blocker kanye ne-botulinum toxin type A ziwuhlobo lwemithi esetshenziswa kuleli qembu. Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqhubeke ngendlela ehlelekile nengaphansi kokulawulwa.
Kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo, imithi kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela nangomthamo obekiwe. Uma isicanucanu noma ukugabha kukhona kakhulu, udokotela angancoma imithi yokulwa nokugabha.
Izindlela Zokuphatha Ezingezona Ezomuthi Kanye Nezinguquko Eziphila Kwansuku Zonke
Izinguquko empilweni yansuku zonke ezigulini zomkhuhlane womgogodla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuhlasela:
Ukulala okuhle nokuvamile
Ukudla okulinganiselayo nokunempilo
Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka, izindlela zokuphumula nokuphefumula
Ukuzivocavoca njalo nokuzilolonga
Ukuthola izici ezibangela ukuhlasela nokuzigwema ngangokunokwenzeka
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo eziphakamisa ukuthi izithasiselo ezifana ne-magnesium, i-vitamin B2, ne-coenzyme Q10 zingaba usizo ekulawuleni umkhuhlane womgogodla. Kodwa lezi zithasiselo azisebenzi kubo bonke abantu futhi kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela ngeluleko lochwepheshe. Uma kukhethwa imikhiqizo yemvelo noma izithasiselo, kufanele kubhekwe imiphumela engemihle, kugcinwe impilo yamathumbu nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Yini Okufanele Iqapheleke Ukuze Kuvikelwe Ukuhlasela Komkhuhlane Womgogodla?
Ukuze wehlise ukuhlasela, ungazilandela lezi zeluleko:
Gwema ukulamba isikhathi eside futhi zama ukungaphuthelwa ukudla.
Gcina uhlelo lokulala oluhle, ugweme ukulala ngokweqile noma ukungalali kahle.
Thatha isikhathi sokuphumula, yoga noma izivivinyo zokuphefumula ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka.
Shintsha komoya, umoya oshisayo, amakha adala ukucasuka noma ukukhanya okukhulu njengabavusa imizwa yemvelo kufanele kugwenywe uma kungenzeka.
Bhalela phansi ukudla okungabazayo ukuze wakhe uhlu lwakho lwezinto ezivusa imizwa.
Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala notshwala obhemayo futhi uzame ukugwema intuthu kagwayi.
Ukubhekana NeMigraine Nokubaluleka Kokwesekwa Nguchwepheshe
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma i-migraine ingelashwa noma ingaphathwa kahle, ingaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwekhwalithi yokuphila. Uma izimpawu zakho ziba njalo noma zenza kube nzima ukuphila kwansuku zonke, ukufuna usizo kudokotela onguchwepheshe wezifo zengqondo kuyindlela efanele. Ngokuhlolwa nguchwepheshe, ungazuza ekwelashweni okwenziwe ngokwezifiso nemiyalelo ekhethekile ye-migraine.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Ingabe i-migraine iyelapheka?
Nakuba i-migraine ingesona isifo esinganyamalala ngokuphelele, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, imvamisa nobukhulu bokuhlasela kungancishiswa kakhulu. Ingxenye enkulu yeziguli ingathola ukukhululeka ngemiyalelo kadokotela.
2. Ingabe i-migraine ihlobene nomdlavuza wengqondo?
Cha, izinhlungu zekhanda ze-migraine ngokuvamile azihlobene nomdlavuza wengqondo. Kodwa uma izinhlungu zekhanda zakho zishintsha ngokuzumayo, ziba namandla, ziba nezimpawu ezintsha noma okunye okungajwayelekile, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
3. Ingabe i-migraine enama-aura iyingozi kakhulu?
I-migraine enama-aura ngokuvamile ayiyona eyingozi kakhulu kune-migraine engenawo ama-aura. Kodwa, ngesikhathi se-aura, kungavela izimo ezifana nokulahlekelwa okwesikhashana kombono noma ukuphazamiseka kokukhuluma. Ukuqapha kudokotela kubalulekile.
4. Ingabe i-migraine ingavela ezinganeni?
Yebo, i-migraine ingaqala ebunganeni. Kodwa izikhalo zingahluka futhi kungaba nzima ukuthola isifo ezinganeni. Uma kukhona ukusola i-migraine enganeni, ukuhlolwa nguchwepheshe kuyadingeka.
5. Yiziphi izinto ezivusa i-migraine?
Ukucindezeleka, ukungalali kahle, ukudla okungashiwongo, ukudla neziselo ezithile, izinguquko zamahomoni, ukukhanya okukhulu, amakha nemisindo yemvelo, izinguquko zesimo sezulu yizona ezaziwa kakhulu njengabavusa i-migraine.
6. Yiziphi izidlo okufanele kugwenywe nge-migraine?
Imikhiqizo yenyama esetshenzisiwe, ushizi ovuthiwe, ushokoledi, izinhlobo ezithile zotshwala, ukudla okunamafutha nokuphekiwe, ukudla okuqukethe i-nitrate noma i-tyramine ephezulu kungagwenywa.
7. Ingabe i-migraine idala umonakalo unomphela?
I-migraine ayibangeli umonakalo omkhulu wesitho isikhathi eside; kodwa uma ingelashwa, inganciphisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila.
8. Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise imithi yami njalo?
Kufanele usebenzise imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, ngenani nesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Gwema izinguquko ezingazelelwe futhi ungayeki imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
9. Ingabe imikhiqizo yokwengeza iyasiza kwi-migraine?
Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi imikhiqizo ethile yokwengeza efana ne-magnesium, i-vitamin B2, ne-coenzyme Q10 ingaba usizo, kodwa kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
10. Nini okufanele ngiye kudokotela?
Uma izinhlungu zekhanda zakho zishintsha ngokuzumayo futhi ziba namandla, ulahlekelwa umqondo, ukhwehlela, ubona kabili, unenkinga yokuhamba noma yokulinganisela, kufanele uye esikhungweni sezempilo.
11. Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kuyasiza kwi-migraine?
Ukuzivocavoca okuncane okuvamile kungaba usizo ekulawuleni i-migraine njengokuthuthukisa impilo yonke. Kodwa ukuzivocavoca okunzima kungavusa ukuhlasela kwe-migraine, ngakho hlela uhlelo lokuzivocavoca ngokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
Imithombo
World Health Organization (WHO) — Headache disorders: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders
International Headache Society (IHS) — The International Classification of Headache Disorders
American Migraine Foundation — Migraine Overview
American Academy of Neurology — Migraine Guidelines
Silberstein SD, et al. "Migraine prevention." The Lancet, 2017.
The Global Burden of Disease Study, The Lancet, 2017.