Ukopha Kwekhanda: Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nezindlela Zamanje Zokwelashwa
Ukopha Kwekhanda Kwenzeka Kanjani?
Ukopha kwekhanda kuyisimo esinzima futhi esingabeka impilo engcupheni, okuvela ngenxa yokuba buthaka noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi ekhanda. Ikakhulukazi, ubuthakathaka ezindongeni zemithambo bungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-aneyurizimu (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo). Ama-aneyurizimu avame ukwenzeka lapho imithambo yegazi ihlangana khona, futhi lezi zindawo zivame ukuba sengozini enkulu uma ziqhathaniswa nemithambo ejwayelekile enempilo. Lezi zakhiwo ezivuvukalayo zingaqhuma ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, kuholele ekutheni igazi lingene ezicutshini zobuchopho noma ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Ukopha kwekhanda kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokuya ngendlela okuvela ngayo:
Ukopha kwekhanda okubangelwa ukulimala: Kwenzeka ngenxa yengozi, ukushaywa noma olunye uhlobo lokulimala ngokomzimba.
Ukopha kwekhanda okuzenzakalelayo: Kuvela ngokwemvelo ngenxa yezifo zemithambo yegazi, i-aneyurizimu noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo.
Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuya ngendawo ye-anatomy lapho ukopha kwenzeka khona:
Ukopha ngaphakathi kwezinhlangothi ezinegazi eliqukethe uketshezi ekhanda.
Ukopha ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho.
Ukopha phakathi kobuchopho nezindwangu ezincane ezizungezile.
Ukopha phakathi kwezindwangu zobuchopho ezithile.
Ukopha phakathi kwendwangu yangaphandle yobuchopho nesikhumba sekhanda.
Ekupheni kwekhanda okubangelwa ukulimala, izindawo eziningi zingathinteka ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanti ukopha okuzenzakalelayo kuvame ukuba sendaweni eyodwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza nazo zingabuthakathisa imithambo yegazi ekhanda, zikhuphule ingozi yokopha; kodwa uma isiguli silandela ukwelashwa okuvamile, le ngozi ivamise ukuba phansi kakhulu.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokopha Kwekhanda?
Izimpawu zokopha kwekhanda ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo, ubukhulu kanye nokusabalala kokopha. Izimpawu eziqala masinyane futhi ezinzima zivame ukufuna ukungenelela ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
Ukukhubazeka noma buthakathaka kwemisipha ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso
Ukuzizwa ungazizwa kahle noma ukuluma emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni noma ezingalweni
Ubunzima ekuphakamiseni ingalo noma umlenze, noma buthakathaka ekunyakazeni
Izinkinga zokubona, ukuwa kwephaphalazi noma ukunyakaza okungaphephile kwamehlo
Ubunzima ekukhulumeni nasekuqondeni
Ubunzima bokugwinya
Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza noma ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka
Ukhanda olubuhlungu kakhulu, isiyezi
Ukudideka kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa ukuqaphela noma ukufisa ukulala masinyane
Izinkinga zokulinganisela nokuhambisana
Ukunganaki noma ukungaphenduli endaweni ezungezile
Lezi zimpawu zingaba sobala kakhulu uma ukopha kubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Uma izinguquko zengqondo zenzeka masinyane futhi ziba zimbi ngokushesha, kufanele kusheshwe kufunwe usizo lwezempilo ngaphandle kokulibala.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokopha Kwekhanda?
Izimbangela zokopha kwekhanda ziningi kakhulu. Iminyaka, ifa kanye nesimo sempilo esikhona kuthinta ingozi. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi:
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu.
Aneyurizimu (ukuvuvukala kodonga lwemithambo yegazi)
Izinkinga zokubopha igazi kanye nemithi esetshenziswa kulezi zifo
Izifo ezinzima ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukwehluleka kwemiphunga noma izifo zegazi
Ukubhema kanye nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile
Ezinye izifo zesibindi kanye nobuthakathaka bemithambo yegazi obuzalwa nakho
Umdlavuza wobuchopho, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezithinta imithambo yegazi
Ukulimala ekhanda, ukuwa noma izingozi
Izici zefa
Ezinye zalezi zimbangela zingavinjelwa (njengokubhema nokuphuza utshwala), kanti ezinye zingancishiswa ingozi yazo ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila noma ukuhlolwa kwezempilo njalo.
Ukutholakala Nokwelashwa Kokopha Kwekhanda
Ukopha kwekhanda kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukutholakala masinyane nokungenelela ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi uma kunezimpawu ezingalindelekile, ukufinyelela eqenjini lezempilo ngokushesha kubalulekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukopha kungabonakali izimpawu ekuqaleni; yingakho abantu abasengozini kufanele bagadwe okungenani amahora angama-24 uma bethole ukulimala ekhanda noma uma kusolwa ukopha kwekhanda.
Uhlelo lokwelapha luhluka ngokuya ngohlobo nokuthi kuphi ukopha. Izinhloso eziyinhloko yilezi:
Ukuthola imbangela yokopha nokuyilawula
Ukunciphisa ukulimala kwezicubu zobuchopho
Ukususa ingozi yokufa nokuvimbela izinkinga
Iziguli ezitholakala zinekhanda elopha zivame ukufakwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okukhulu. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba ukuhlinzwa ukuze kumiswe ukopha, kodwa kwezinye izimo ezilula ukwelashwa okusekelayo kwanele. Isikhathi sokululama kwalesi sifo sincike ebunzimeni bokopha, indawo yaso kanye nohlobo lokungenelela okwenziwe.
Esigabeni sokwelashwa, ukuqaphela isimo sengqondo sesiguli, ukuphefumula, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kanye nemisebenzi yomzimba kubhekwa eduze. Ezihlinzweni, akufuneki isiguli silale emahoreni okuqala emva kokuhlinzwa, futhi isimo sengqondo sihlolwa njalo. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo kufaka ukulawula umfutho wegazi, kanye nemithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
Abantu abaphilele ukopha kwekhanda bangazuza ekwelashweni kokuvuselela, njengokwelashwa kwemisipha, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma nokugwinya. Ukuqapha njalo neqembu lochwepheshe kukhuphula amathuba okuphila kahle kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini ukopha kwekhanda?
Ukopha kwekhanda kuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo, lapho igazi lingena ezicutshini zobuchopho noma phakathi kwezindwangu zobuchopho ngenxa yokuphuka noma ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi.
Iyini imbangela evame kakhulu yokopha kwekhanda?
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, uyimbangela evame kakhulu yokopha kwekhanda emhlabeni wonke.
Izimpawu zokopha kwekhanda ziqala masinyane?
Yebo, ezimweni eziningi izimpawu zivela ngokushesha nangokuzumayo. Ukhanda olubuhlungu masinyane, ukungazizwa kahle emzimbeni, izinkinga zokukhuluma noma izinguquko engqondweni kuvame ukwenzeka ngokushesha.
Kufanele kwenziweni uma ushaye ikhanda?
Uma ushaye ikhanda noma uthole ukulimala okukhulu, uma uzwa ukhanda olubuhlungu, ukuhlanza, izinguquko engqondweni noma buthakathaka, shesha uye esibhedlela. Ikakhulukazi amahora angama-24 okuqala abalulekile kakhulu.
Ukopha kwekhanda kungadala ukulimala okungapheli?
Ngokuya ngendawo nobukhulu bokopha, ukulimala kwengqondo kungenzeka, kodwa ukutholakala masinyane nokwelashwa okufanele kukhuphula amathuba okululama kakhulu.
Obani abasengozini yokopha kwekhanda?
Abane-high blood pressure, abanezifo ezinzima, abathatha ugwayi notshwala, abanezinkinga zokubopha igazi kanye nabadala basengozini enkulu.
Ukopha kwekhanda kungavinjelwa?
Ezinye izici zengozi zingalawulwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi. Ukuqapha umfutho wegazi njalo, ukudla okunempilo, ukuyeka ugwayi notshwala, ukwelashwa kwezifo ezinzima kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo njalo kungasiza ukuvikela.
Umuntu ophilele ukopha kwekhanda angalulama ngokuphelele?
Kuyahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ukutholakala masinyane nokwelashwa kukhuphula amathuba okululama. Izinhlelo zokuvuselela zisiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukwelashwa kokopha kwekhanda kwenziwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa?
Cha. Uhlobo, ubukhulu kanye nesimo sesiguli kunquma uhlelo lokwelapha. Ezimweni ezilula ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwanele; kwezinye izimo kudingeka ukuhlinzwa.
Ingabe wonke ukhanda olubuhlungu luyisibonakaliso sokopha kwekhanda?
Cha, kunezimbangela eziningi zokukhanda okubuhlungu. Kodwa uma ukhanda olubuhlungu luqala masinyane, luba lukhulu futhi lungajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinye izimpawu, ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kuyadingeka.
Ukulala emva kokopha kwekhanda kuyingozi?
Yebo, ukufisa ukulala noma ukudideka kwengqondo kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile. Kulesi simo kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
Ingabe ukopha kwekhanda kungavela ezinganeni?
Yebo, nakuba kungavamile, ezinganeni kungavela ngenxa yokulimala, izinkinga zemithambo ezizalwa nazo noma ezinye izifo.
Yini okufanele yenziwe njengosizo lokuqala kumuntu ophilele ukopha kwekhanda?
Beka umuntu ohlangothini ngendlela ephephile, uqinisekise ukuthi umoya udlula kahle, uma kungenzeka shayela i-ambulensi. Uma kunokulahlekelwa ukuqaphela noma ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile, linda usizo lwezokwelapha.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) – Ishidi Lamaqiniso Ngokushaywa Uhlangothi
Inhlangano Yenhliziyo YaseMelika (AHA) – Ulwazi Ngokopha Kwekhanda
Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo zaseMelika (CDC) – Izinsiza Zokushaywa Uhlangothi
Izincomo Zezinqubomgomo Zenhlangano YaseYurophu Yokushaywa Uhlangothi
I-Lancet Neurology – Ukopha Kwangaphakathi Ekhanda: Izindlela Zamanje Zokutholakala Nokuphathwa Kwayo