Uhudo: Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nezindlela Ezivikelekile Zokubhekana Nazo

Yini Ukuqunjelwa Kwesisu Futhi Kuthuthuka Kanjani?

Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu, inkinga evamile ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla echazwa ngokwanda kokuphuma kwendle, okuba buthaka nokuba manzi kakhulu kunokuvamile. Imvamisa kubangelwa amagciwane angena emathunjini, ukungabekezeleli ukudla okuthile noma ezinye izifo zohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Njengoba kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okusheshayo kwamanzi kanye nama-electrolyte emzimbeni, kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisencane, izingane ezincane, abantu abadala kanye nalabo abanohlelo lokuzivikela emzimbeni olubuthakathaka.

Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu ezinganeni kuyinto evamile, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwamanzi (ukoma). Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, izimpawu zokoma zingavela ngesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuqala kokuqunjelwa; yingakho kubalulekile ukuba ziqapheke eduze. Ukwehla komchamo, umlomo owomile, ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, amehlo acwila kanye nokungakhululeki ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane kungaba izimpawu ezibalulekile zokulahlekelwa amanzi.

Kutholakala Kanjani Ukuqunjelwa Kwesisu Okuyingozi Futhi Okukhulu?

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqunjelwa kwesisu zibangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamanzi kanye nama-electrolyte emzimbeni ngokushesha futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa amagciwane akhiqiza ubuthi afana nekolera (Vibrio cholerae), Clostridium difficile noma ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithile. Kulokhu amathumbu awakwazi ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni futhi umzimba ulahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha. Izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokoma okukhulu, ukwehla kwegazi, buthakathaka, ukuquleka kwemisipha, ukudideka kwengqondo ngisho neshokhi zingavela. Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kunokuzama ukuphatha ekhaya, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, abantu abadala kanye nalabo abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zexwayiso Zokuqunjelwa Kwesisu Okuyingozi?

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingabonisa ukuthi ukuqunjelwa kwesisu sekuphenduke inkinga enkulu:

• Isisu sivuvukala, sibuhlungu noma siquleka

• Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwendle

• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphezulu

• Igazi noma umucu endleni

• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokuzumayo nangokubonakalayo

• Ukugabha noma isicanucanu

• Ukoma okubonakalayo, umlomo owomile, ukwehla komchamo kanye nomchamo omnyama

• Ukungakhululeki, isiyezi, ukwehla kwegazi kanye nokushintsha kwengqondo

Ukungakhululeki ezinganeni, ukujika kwefontanelle, umlomo owomile, ukungashintshi izigqoko ngendlela evamile kungaba izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi. Ikakhulukazi njengoba izingane nezingane ezincane zingakwazi ukuveza izikhalo zazo, kubalulekile ukuthi abadala abaphethe ukunakekela baqaphele kahle.

Izinhlobo Zokuqunjelwa Kwesisu

Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu kuvame ukuhlukaniswa kanje:

Ukuqunjelwa okukhulu (akut): Ukuqala ngokuzumayo, kuvame ukubangelwa izifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi kuvame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwesonto elilodwa.

Ukuqunjelwa okungamahlalakhona: Kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki amane futhi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimbangela ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo samathumbu esicasulayo, isifo se-celiac noma izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo.

Ukuqunjelwa okukhishwa amanzi amaningi: Kubangelwa ukukhishwa kwamanzi amaningi emathunjini; amagciwane akhiqiza ubuthi afana nekolera angaba yimbangela.

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-osmotic: Kwenzeka uma izinto ezingagayiwe emathunjini ziheha amanzi, isibonelo ekungabekezeleleni i-lactose.

Ukuqunjelwa okune-mafutha (steatoreic): Kubangelwa ukungakwazi ukugaya amafutha kahle, indle iba namafutha, icwebe futhi inuka kabi.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuqunjelwa Kwesisu?

Emhlabeni jikelele, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuqunjelwa kwesisu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane namabhaktheriya. Ngaphezu kwalokho:

• Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amapharasayithi

• Ukudla okungaziwa kahle imvelaphi, okungaphekiwe kahle noma okungahlanzekile kanye namanzi okuphuza angahlanzekile

• Izinguquko ezenziwa emathunjini imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic

• Ukungabekezeleli ukudla (isibonelo i-lactose noma i-gluten)

• Izifo zamathumbu ezingamahlalakhona (isibonelo isifo sikaCrohn, ulcerative colitis)

• Ukucindezeleka kanye nezimbangela zengqondo zingathinta ukuhamba kwamathumbu.

Yiziphi Izingcuphe Zokuqunjelwa Kwesisu Uma Kungelashwa?

Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu zokushisa komzimba, ukugabha kanye nokuqunjelwa kwesisu bese ingatholi ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngesikhathi, kungavela izingozi ezahlukene:

• Ukukhathala, ukungabi nentshisekelo yokudla, ukwehla kwekhwalithi yokuphila

• Umlomo owomile, ukwehla kokuphuma komchamo

• Ukulahlekelwa ukuqonda, ezimeni ezinzima ukulahlekelwa umqondo noma ukufa

Ubukhulu bokoma bungakhula ngokushesha okukhulu ezinganeni ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Yingakho kungafanele kudlalwe ngakho.

Ukuphathwa Kokuqunjelwa Kwesisu Ezinganeni Nasebebaneni

Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu ezinganeni kuvame ukubangelwa amagciwane futhi imvamisa awekho ama-antibiotic adingekayo. Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu okuhambisana nokugabha kwandisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa amanzi. Uma ingane igabha kaningi, ingakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela.

Kufanele Kwenziwe Kanjani Ukusekelwa Kwamanzi Ekhaya?

Uma ukuqunjelwa kwesisu kungelula noma kungaphakathi, inhloso enkulu ukuvuselela amanzi namaminerali alahlekile. Izixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi ngomlomo ezitholakala emithini zingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ngalolu hlobo. Ngokweminyaka yengane, kunconywa kanje:

• Ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-2: Ngemuva kokuphuma kwendle okumanzi ngakunye, inkomishi encane yamanzi

• Iminyaka emi-2 nangaphezulu: Inkomishi eyodwa noma ingxenye yamanzi

• Izingane ezinkulu: Njengoba zingakwazi ukuphuza

Uma ukugabha kukhula, kunconywa ukunikeza amanzi kancane kancane kodwa kaningi.

Kufanele Kube Njani Ukudla?

Ukudla akufanele kumiswe ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa; kufanele kukhethwe ukudla okungakhathazi isisu njengebhana, iyogathi, uphaya werayisi, amazambane abilisiwe, inkukhu, isobho yemifino engenamafutha, u-ayirani kanye nesinkwa. Ukudla okunoshukela, okuthosiwe, okunezinongo noma okune-asidi kufanele kugwenywe ngoba kungandisa ukuqunjelwa.

Ukusekela I-Flora Yamathumbu

Odokotela abathile bangase batusa izithasiselo zeprobiotic noma imikhiqizo equkethe i-zinc esekela i-flora yamathumbu. Ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokwelulekwa uchwepheshe wezempilo.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezingane Ezincane Ezinekuqunjelwa Kwesisu

Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni ukuqunjelwa kwesisu ezinganeni ezincane ukuvuselela amanzi namaminerali alahlekile ngendlela efanele. Ezinganeni ezincelisa ibele, ukuncelisa kufanele kuqhubeke njalo. Izixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi ngomlomo ezinikezwa udokotela zingasetshenziswa. Uma iminyaka yengane ivuma, kungangezwa uphaya werayisi, amazambane abilisiwe, ibhana elicwengiwe noma iyogathi. Uma ukuqunjelwa kwesisu kuqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, kukhona ukushisa komzimba noma indle enegazi, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela.

Izinto Ezandisa Ingozi Yokuqunjelwa Kwesisu

Izinto ezilandelayo zandisa ingozi yokuqunjelwa kwesisu:

• Ukungancelisi (ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala)

• Ukungahlanzeki kwamabhodlela kanye namaphacaphaca

• Izimo ezingafanele zokulungisa/ukugcina ukudla namanzi

• Ukuhlanzeka okunganele kwemvelo

• Ubuthakathaka bohlelo lokuzivikela emzimbeni noma izifo ezingamahlalakhona

Izindlela Zokutheleleka Kanye Nokuvimbela Ukuqunjelwa Kwesisu

Izifo ezithathelwanayo zivame ukudluliselwa ngomgudu wendle-izandla-umlomo, futhi nangamanzi angaphephile noma ukudla okungaphekiwe kahle. Ukungabuyiseli ukudla okushisiwe efrijini, ukugwema amachibi agcwele abantu noma angahlanzekile, ukugwema ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi engakaze iphekwe kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni. Kumele kuhlonishwe imithetho yokuhlanzeka ekulungiseni nasekuphakeleni ukudla, ukudla kuphekwe kahle futhi kudliwe kusha.

Kufanele Ubonane Nini Nodokotela?

Kulezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ukuhamba kwendle okumanzi ngokuphindaphindiwe nangobuningi

• Ukungakwazi ukuphuza amanzi noma buthakathaka obukhulu

• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingaphezu kuka-38°C

• Ukugabha okuqhubekayo noma okwanda

• Igazi endleni

• Ukwehla kokuphuma komchamo, ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, isikhumba esomile nesigoqekile

Kubantu abadala, izingane ezincane kanye nalabo abanezifo ezingaphansi, kufanele kuqapheleke kakhulu.

Yiziphi Izindlela Ezisetshenziswa Ekuxilongweni?

Ekuxilongweni, kubhekwa isikhathi sezikhalo, umlando wokuhamba, imithi esetshenziswe muva kanye nemikhuba yokudla. Ngokohlobo lokuqunjelwa kwesisu, ukuhlolwa kwendle, izivivinyo zelayibhu kanye nezindlela zokuthwebula zingasetshenziswa. Uma kungukuqunjelwa okungamahlalakhona, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela engaphansi.

Izindlela Zokwelapha

Inhloso ekuguleni okusheshayo (akut) ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi namaminerali kanye nokugcina isimo somuntu sijwayelekile. Ukwelashwa ngamabiotikhi kudingeka kuphela lapho kudingwa udokotela futhi ezimweni ezithile zezifo. Ukudla kufanele kuqhubeke futhi izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi ziqaphe ngokuseduze. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kungasetshenziswa ngomjovo. Uma kutholakala isifo esingapheli, ukwelashwa kulungiswa ngokwesizathu esiyinhloko. Izindlela Zokuvikela Ukugula Kwesisu

• Ukuthuthukisa imikhuba yokuhlanzeka nokugeza izandla

• Ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile, aphephile kanye nokudla okuphekiwe kahle

• Ukukhetha ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi ephathwe kahle (ephephile)

• Ukunaka ukudla okudliwa ngaphandle ikakhulukazi ngezinyanga zasehlobo

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kuyini ukugula kwesisu futhi kuba yingozi nini?

Ukugula kwesisu kusho ukuthi indle iba manzi, ithambe futhi ivame kakhulu. Uma kushisa umzimba kakhulu, ukoma okukhulu, indle enegazi noma ukwehla kwesisindo ngokushesha kwenzeka, noma uma ingane/umntwana engakwazi ukuthola amanzi ngenxa yokuhlanza, kudinga ukungenelela ngokushesha.

2. Kwenziwa ini uma ingane inenkinga yokugula kwesisu?

Kubalulekile ukubuyisela amanzi namaminerali alahlekile enganeni, ukwandisa ukuncelisa, nokunikeza isixazululo sokubuyisela amanzi ngomlomo ngokwelulekwa udokotela. Ezimpawini ezinzima kufanele kubonwe udokotela.

3. Yini ebangela ukugula kwesisu ezinganeni?

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni amagciwane (isb. i-rotavirus, norovirus). Amanzi angcolile, ukudla okungahlanzekile, amanye amabiotikhi kanye nokungakwazi ukubekezelela ukudla nakho kungabangela ukugula kwesisu.

4. Kungenziwa kanjani ukuvikela ukugula kwesisu?

Kuyelulekwa ukugeza izandla njalo, ukuphuza amanzi aphephile nokudla ukudla okuphekiwe kahle, nokugwema imikhiqizo yobisi engaphathwanga kahle.

5. Kwelashwa kanjani ukugula kwesisu ekhaya?

Ekuguleni okuncane noma okumaphakathi, kufanele kunikezwe amanzi amaningi ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwamanzi futhi kukhethwe ukudla okulula ukugaya. I-probiotic noma izithasiselo ze-zinc zingasetshenziswa ngokwelulekwa udokotela.

6. Yiziphi izimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi emzimbeni?

Ukomo emlonyeni nasosikhumbeni, ukuncipha kokuchama, umchamo omnyama, ukuncipha kwezinyembezi, buthakathaka kanye nokungakhululeki/ukushintsha kwengqondo ezinganeni kuyizimpawu eziyinhloko zokulahleka kwamanzi.

7. Yikuphi ukudla okuwusizo ekuguleni kwesisu?

Ubhontshisi, irayisi, amazambane abilisiwe, iyogathi, ubisi oluxutshwe namanzi kanye nesinkwa njengemithombo elula ye-carbohydrate namaprotheni kuyelulekwa. Kubalulekile ukukhulisa ukuthatha amanzi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.

8. Ingabe amabiotikhi angabangela ukugula kwesisu?

Yebo, amanye amabiotikhi angaphazamisa i-flora yamathumbu abangele ukugula kwesisu. Akufanele kusetshenziswe amabiotikhi ngaphandle kokwelulekwa udokotela.

9. Kufanele ngiye kudokotela nini?

Uma kunokugula kwesisu okukhulu, ukuhlanza, ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu, indle enegazi, ukungakwazi ukuthatha amanzi kanye nezimpawu zokulahleka kwamanzi, kufanele uye esikhungweni sezempilo.

10. Kuyini ukugula kwesisu okungapheli, futhi kubonakala ziphi izifo?

Ukugula kwesisu okuqhubeka amasonto amane noma ngaphezulu kubhekwa njengokungapheli futhi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezifana ne-irritable bowel syndrome, i-celiac noma izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo.

11. Ingabe ama-probiotic awusizo ekuguleni kwesisu?

Ngokocwaningo oluthile, ama-probiotic angasiza ukufingqa isikhathi sokugula kwesisu okusheshayo futhi asekele i-flora yamathumbu; kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kufanele kube ngokubonisana nochwepheshe.

12. Ungakubona kanjani ukuthi ukugula kwesisu kuyathathelwana?

Ukugula kwesisu okubangelwa izifo eziningi (isb. i-rotavirus noma i-norovirus) kuyathathelwana. Kubalulekile ukuhlanzeka kwezandla nokungabelani ngezinto zomuntu siqu.

13. Yimiphi imithi engabangela ukugula kwesisu?

Amabiotikhi avame kakhulu, eminye imithi yamathumbu kanye nemithi ye-chemotherapy kungabangela ukugula kwesisu; njalo xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka imithi.

14. Kudinga uphuze amanzi angakanani uma ulahlekelwa amanzi?

Amanzi kanye nezixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi ngomlomo kufanele kusetshenziswe ukubuyisela ukulahleka. Inani elifanele ngehora noma ngokwendle lingachazwa udokotela wezingane.

15. Kufanele yini ukuyeka ukudla uma unezinkinga zesisu?

Ngokuvamile, akukhuthazwa ukuyeka ukudla. Uma kunokuhlanza okukhulu nokungakwazi ukuthatha amanzi, uhlelo lokudla kufanele lulungiswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO): Iqiniso NgeSifo Sokugula Kwesisu

• Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo eMelika (CDC): Ukubuka Konke Ngokugula Kwesisu

• Imihlahlandlela ye-European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)

• The New England Journal of Medicine: Ukuphathwa Kwe-Gastroenteritis Okusheshayo Ezinganeni

• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Ukwelashwa Kokubuyisela Amanzi Ngomlomo Ezinganeni

Yonke imininingwane kule ndatshana isekelwe emihlahlandleleni yakamuva yezokwelapha nemithombo ethembekile. Qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ezinqubweni zokuxilonga nokwelashwa.