Iyini Iphulse Futhi Kungani Ibalulekile?
I-Pulse, ngokuvamile yaziwa njengokushaya kwenhliziyo; empeleni, kusho ingcindezi egcizelelwa igazi odongeni lwemithambo ngesikhathi inhliziyo ishaya, kanye nokunyakaza okulinganayo okuvela kule ngxenye. Inhliziyo, lapho icindezela futhi iphumula, ithumela igazi ku-aorta okuyimithambo emikhulu, bese isakaza emzimbeni wonke. Njengoba imithambo inobunjalo obuguquguqukayo, iphendula ngokunwebeka noma ngokuncipha uma igazi lidlula kuyo. I-pulse ingatholakala kalula ngokuthinta izindawo eziseduze nesikhumba njengengalo, intamo, ithambo lekhanda noma esifubeni.
Inani le-pulse yomuntu ngamunye lingashintsha ngenxa yezinto eziningi ezifana neminyaka, ubulili, isimo sezempilo jikelele, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, izinguquko zamahomoni, imisebenzi yomzimba noma imizwa yansuku zonke, imithi esetshenziswayo kanye nezifo ezahlukene. Kwezinye izikhathi, ukwanda noma ukwehla kwe-pulse ngenxa yokucindezeleka, ukuzivocavoca, ukugula noma izinguquko zemizwa kuyinto evamile. Okubalulekile lapha ukuthi i-pulse ihlale ilinganayo futhi inomjikelezo.
Kubantu abenza imisebenzi yomzimba njalo, ikakhulukazi abasubathi, i-pulse elinganwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula ingaba phansi kunenani elijwayelekile emphakathini. I-pulse ayikhombisi kuphela isivinini sokushaya kwenhliziyo, kodwa futhi inikeza ulwazi ngomjikelezo wenhliziyo, isimo somzimba kanye nezinye izimo zezempilo. Izifo zenhliziyo namavalvu, ukopha okukhulu, izinkinga ze-thyroid, izifo zohlelo lwezinzwa kanye nokopha ebuchosheni kungaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwe-pulse.
Kubantu abadala abaphilile, isivinini senhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuphumula sivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-60-80 ukushaya/ngomzuzu.
I-Pulse Kumele Ibe Kanjani Ngokujwayelekile?
Ukuba nomjikelezo olinganayo nokuhlala ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile kuyisibonakaliso sohlelo lokujikeleza oluphile kahle. Nakuba inani le-pulse lingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kubantu abadala abaphilile, isivinini senhliziyo esijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuphumula sivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-60-100 ukushaya/ngomzuzu. Kubantu abenza imidlalo njalo, leli nani lingehla lifinyelele ku-45-60 ukushaya/ngomzuzu. I-pulse ephansi ngesikhathi sokuphumula ingasho ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Uma isivinini senhliziyo siphakeme, kungandisa ubungozi bokushaywa wumoya noma isifo senhliziyo, ngakho-ke ukukala njalo ngesikhathi sokuphumula kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga kusenesikhathi. Uma i-pulse yakho ngesikhathi sokuphumula iphakathi kuka-50-70, lokhu kubhekwa njengokuphelele; phakathi kuka-70-85 kuvamile; ngaphezu kuka-85 kubhekwa njenge-pulse ephakeme. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-pulse ayanele ekutholeni isifo yodwa futhi izici zezempilo zomuntu ngamunye ziyahlukahluka.
Ukukala i-pulse yakho ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi uma unokukhathazeka noma unezici zobungozi, kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izinkinga zezempilo kusenesikhathi. Kodwa uma i-pulse iphansi ngokungajwayelekile ihambisana nokukhathala, isiyezi, noma ukuquleka, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wenhliziyo ngokushesha. I-pulse ephakeme ivamise ukubangelwa izizathu zesikhashana (njengokuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka), kodwa uma ihlala iphakeme ngesikhathi sokuphumula kufanele kuphenywe. Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kanye ne-anemia nakho kungabangela ukwanda kwe-pulse. Ngokuvamile, ukwehla kwe-pulse ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi kubhekwa njengoshintsho oluhle.
I-Pulse Ikalwa Kanjani?
Ukukala i-pulse kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi uphumule futhi uzolile ukuze uthole imiphumela ethembekile. Ungakwenza lokhu ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngosuku ukuze uthole inani elijwayelekile. Ungayithola i-pulse entanyeni, ezinhlangothini zombili zomphimbo noma engalweni, ngemuva kwesithupha, ngokucindezela kancane ngemigqa emithathu yezinzwane zakho. Uma usuthole i-pulse, sebenzisa i-stopwatch noma iwashi ukubala ukushaya phakathi kwemizuzwana engama-60. Inani elitholakele yilona elimele i-pulse yakho ngaleso sikhathi.
Ungasebenzisa futhi amathuluzi kagesi wokukala umfutho wegazi noma amadivayisi ezempilo ahlakaniphile. Uma kunokungalingani komjikelezo wenhliziyo (okwaziwa njengokuthi 'ukweqa' emphakathini), kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wakho. Kubantu abanezinkinga zomjikelezo wenhliziyo, ukukala i-pulse ngokunembile kufanele kwenziwe ngokulalela inhliziyo ngqo uma kungenzeka. Ukuhlola i-pulse njalo kubalulekile ekutholeni izifo zenhliziyo nezinhlelo zomzimba kusenesikhathi.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Ze-Pulse Ephakeme (Tachycardia)?
Uma isivinini senhliziyo sidlula esijwayelekile kubizwa ngokuthi "tachycardia". I-pulse ephakeme ingavela ngenxa yezimo eziningi ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, izifo, izifo ze-thyroid, i-goiter engalawuleki, ukopha okukhulu noma ezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Uma kuba nokopha okukhulu, inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngokushesha ukuze ilethe umoya-mpilo owanele ezicutshini, kodwa uma ukopha kukhulu kakhulu i-pulse ingehla kakhulu futhi lokhu kungaba yingozi enkulu empilweni.
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, umzamo womzimba kanye nemisebenzi engazelelwe nakho kungakhuphula i-pulse. I-pulse ekhuphuka ngemva komsebenzi womzimba noma imizwa eqinile ivamise ukubuyela kokujwayelekile uma umuntu esepumule. Kodwa-ke, uma i-pulse ihlala iphakeme ngaphezu kuka-90 ukushaya/ngomzuzu ngesikhathi sokuphumula, kungaba uphawu lwesinye isifo esingaphansi futhi kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukuzivocavoca njalo kunganciphisa i-pulse yokuphumula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imikhuba efana nokuhamba kancane nsuku zonke inikeza izinzuzo ezinhle enhliziyweni futhi ingasiza ukugcina i-pulse ezingeni eliphansi.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Ze-Pulse Ephansi (Bradycardia)?
I-pulse ephansi ebizwa ngokuthi "bradycardia" isho ukuthi isivinini senhliziyo siphansi kunenani elijwayelekile. Uma i-pulse yehlile yehla ngaphansi kuka-40 ukushaya ngomzuzu, umzimba ungase ungatholi igazi nomoya-mpilo owanele, futhi lokhu kungabangela isiyezi, ukuquleka, ukubila kanye nezimpawu zezinzwa. Ukopha ebuchosheni, ama-tumor, izifo zenhliziyo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid, ukungalingani kwamahomoni, ukuguga, izinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo, ukuswela amaminerali, i-sleep apnea kanye nemithi ethile kungabangela i-bradycardia.
Kodwa-ke, kubantu abenza imidlalo njalo futhi abanezinga eliphezulu lokuzivocavoca, i-pulse ephansi ifinyelela ku-40 ukushaya ngomzuzu ingabhekwa njengokuvamile. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kahle futhi inamandla. Kubantu abajwayele ukuzivocavoca, i-pulse ephansi ngokwemvelo ayiyona inkinga yezempilo.
Yiziphi Izinani Ze-Pulse Ngokweminyaka?
I-pulse kufanele ihlale ilinganayo futhi inomjikelezo kuwo wonke amazinga eminyaka. Iyakhuphuka ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba, ngakho-ke ukuze uthole inani eliqondile, ukukala kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula noma ngemva kokuphumula okungenani imizuzu engu-5-10. Kukhona umehluko ezinanini ze-pulse kuye ngeminyaka nobulili. Ngokwesibonelo, kubafana abancane i-pulse ivamise ukuba phezulu kuneyamantombazane; kubantu abadala, awekho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nezifo ezingamahlalakhona nakho kungathinta i-pulse. Ukuze uphile kahle, kunconywa ukuthi uhlolwe njalo kwezempilo.
Izilinganiso ezinconyiwe ze-pulse ngokuya ngamaqembu eminyaka zimi kanje:
Kosanda kuzalwa: phakathi kuka-70-190 (isilinganiso 125 ukushaya/ngomzuzu)
Izinsana ezineminyaka engu-1-11 izinyanga: phakathi kuka-80-160 (isilinganiso 120)
Iminyaka engu-1-2: phakathi kuka-80-130 (isilinganiso 110)
Iminyaka engu-2-4: phakathi kuka-80-120 (isilinganiso 100)
Iminyaka engu-4-6: phakathi kuka-75-115 (isilinganiso 100)
Iminyaka engu-6-8: phakathi kuka-70-110 (isilinganiso 90)
Iminyaka engu-8-10: phakathi kuka-70-110 (isilinganiso 90)
Iminyaka engu-10-12: Amantombazane 70-110, abafana 65-105 (isilinganiso 85-90)
Iminyaka engu-12-14: Amantombazane 65-105, abafana 60-100 (isilinganiso 80-85)
Iminyaka engu-14-16: Amantombazane 60-100, abafana 55-95 (isilinganiso 75-80)
Iminyaka engu-16-18: Amantombazane 55-95, abafana 50-90 (isilinganiso 70-75)
Iminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu: phakathi kuka-60-100 (isilinganiso 80)
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinani zingashintsha kancane kuye ngeminyaka nezici zomuntu ngamunye, uma unokukhathazeka, ukuxhumana nochwepheshe bezempilo kuyindlela efanele kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (I.M.U)
1. I-pulse kufanele ibe yimalini?
Kubantu abadala abaphilile, i-pulse ngesikhathi sokuphumula ivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-60-100 ukushaya/ngomzuzu. Kubantu abenza imidlalo njalo, leli nani lingaba phansi. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi obuphelele be-pulse bungashintsha kuye ngesimo sezempilo somuntu ngamunye kanye neminyaka.
2. Ngingayikala kanjani i-pulse yami?
Ungayikala i-pulse yakho ngokucindezela kancane ngemigqa emithathu yezinzwane zakho emithanjeni eseduze nesikhumba njengentamo, ingalo noma esifubeni, bese ubala ukushaya phakathi kwemizuzwana engu-60. Amathuluzi kagesi wokukala umfutho wegazi noma amadivayisi ahlakaniphile agqokwayo nawo anikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo.
3. Ingabe i-pulse ephakeme iyingozi?
Uma isivinini senhliziyo siphezulu ngenxa yezizathu zesikhashana, ngokuvamile asibangeli ingozi enkulu futhi sibuyela esimeni esijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma isivinini senhliziyo siphakeme njalo noma umuntu ephumule, kungakhuphula ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo futhi kufanele kuhlolwe udokotela.
4. Ingabe isivinini senhliziyo esiphansi siyingozi?
Uma isivinini senhliziyo sehla sibe ngaphansi kuka-40 ngomzuzu futhi kuhambisana nezimpawu ezifana nokuzizwa uphaphatheka, buthakathaka noma ukulahlekelwa umqondo, kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kwabantu abenza imidlalo njalo, isivinini senhliziyo esiphansi akuvamile ukuba inkinga.
5. Kuchaza ukuthini uma isivinini senhliziyo sishintsha ngokuzumayo?
Izinguquko ezisheshayo zesivinini senhliziyo zingabangelwa ukucindezeleka, ukuzivocavoca, ukwethuka ngokuzumayo, umkhuhlane noma izifo ezithile zesikhashana. Kodwa izinguquko ezihlala njalo noma ezibonakalayo zingaba uphawu lwesifo esingaphansi, futhi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuyelulekwa.
6. Ingabe ugwayi uthinta isivinini senhliziyo?
Yebo, kuyaziwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ugwayi kukhuphula isivinini senhliziyo. Ukuyeka ugwayi ngokuvamile kuholela ekwehleni kwesivinini senhliziyo; lokhu kuwuthuthuko omuhle empilweni yenhliziyo.
7. Yiziphi izifo ezibangela ukungalingani kwesivinini senhliziyo?
Izifo ze-thyroid, izifo zamavalvu enhliziyo, i-anemia, izinkinga zohlelo lwezinzwa, izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nemiphumela emibi yamanye amakhambi kungabangela izinguquko esivinini senhliziyo.
8. Isivinini senhliziyo kufanele sibe yini ezinganeni?
Inani lesivinini senhliziyo ezinganeni liyashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka. Ezinsaneni, isivinini senhliziyo siphakeme, bese sehla kancane kancane njengoba bekhula. Ithebula lamanani ajwayelekile ngokuya ngeminyaka linikezwe ngenhla.
9. Kuchaza ukuthini uma isivinini senhliziyo 'sishaya kabili'?
Ukungalingani noma 'ukushaya kabili' kwesivinini senhliziyo kungaba uphawu lokuphazamiseka komjikelezo wenhliziyo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kaningi noma kuhambisana nezikhalo, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela.
10. Ingabe kufanele ngihlale ngilinganisa isivinini senhliziyo sami?
Yebo, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi zezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo noma wenza imidlalo njalo, ukulandelela isivinini senhliziyo kungaba usizo. Uma kuba nezinguquko ezisheshayo, kunconywa ukubonana nochwepheshe.
11. Ingabe ukukhuluphala noma isisindo esiningi kuthinta isivinini senhliziyo?
Isisindo esiningi kanye nokukhuluphala kungabangela ukuthi inhliziyo isebenze kakhulu; lokhu kungaholela ekutheni isivinini senhliziyo siphakame noma umuntu ephumule.
12. Ingabe amathuluzi okulinganisa umfutho wegazi athembekile ekulinganiseni isivinini senhliziyo?
Amathuluzi esimanje okulinganisa umfutho wegazi avame ukuba athembekile; kodwa uma kukhona ukungabaza noma ukungalingani kokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuhlolwa kodokotela kuyelulekwa.
13. Ingabe izimo zengqondo zithinta isivinini senhliziyo?
Ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma injabulo enkulu kungabangela ukusheshisa kwesikhashana kwesivinini senhliziyo. Lokhu kuvame ukuba kwesikhashana.
14. Isivinini senhliziyo sibuyela nini esimeni esijwayelekile ngemuva kokuzivocavoca?
Ngokuncika ebangeni lokuzivocavoca kanye nezinga lokuqina komuntu, isivinini senhliziyo sivame ukubuyela esimeni esijwayelekile phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 ngemuva kokuzivocavoca.
15. Ingabe zikhona izifo ezingapheli ezithinta isivinini senhliziyo?
Yebo; izifo zenhliziyo ezingapheli, izinkinga zamavalvu enhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka komjikelezo wenhliziyo kanye nezifo ze-thyroid zingathinta isivinini senhliziyo unomphela. Ukulandelela njalo nokwelashwa kubalulekile kulezi zimo.
Imithombo
World Health Organization (WHO). Cardiovascular diseases.
American Heart Association (AHA). All About Heart Rate (Pulse).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Heart Rate.
Mayo Clinic. Pulse: How to take your pulse.
European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Başoğlu, M., et al. Tıbbi Fizyoloji. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
UpToDate. Evaluation of the adult patient with palpitations.