Ishukela Egazini: Imiphumela Yawo Ekulinganiseni Amandla Omzimba Kanye Nempilo

Iyini Ushukela Egazini Futhi Udlala Yiphi Indima Emzimbeni?

I-Glucose, uhlobo lukashukela olubalulekile ekunikezeni amandla emzimbeni wethu. I-glucose etholakala ekudleni esikudlayo ithwalwa ngegazi iye kuzo zonke izicubu futhi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amandla. Ushukela wegazi (i-glucose yegazi) kusho inani le-glucose elikuwo umjikelezo wegazi. Uma leli zinga likhuphuka kakhulu, izicubu zomzimba eziningi zingathinteka kabi. Yingakho emzimbeni kunezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula ushukela wegazi. Ihomoni ye-insulin ekhishwa yizicubu ze-beta ezise-pancreas iqala ukusebenza uma ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka; yenza kube lula ukuthi i-glucose ingene ezicutshini futhi ilethe ushukela wegazi ezingeni elijwayelekile.

Yiziphi Izinga Elinempilo Loshukela Egazini?

Kubantu abaphilile, ushukela wegazi uvamise ukuba phakathi kuka-70-120 mg/dl. Kodwa lezi zinga zingashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene. Kweziguli zeshukela, ngenxa yokwehla noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-insulin, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka. Ukuhlola izinga likashukela wegazi kube kanye kuphela kungadukisa. Yingakho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-HbA1c okukhombisa izinga elijwayelekile likashukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. I-HbA1c ephakathi kuka-%6 no-%6.5 ibonisa "i-pre-diabetes" (ushukela ofihlekile), kanti engaphezu kuka-%6.5 ibalulekile ekutholeni isifo soshukela.

Iyini Ushukela Wegazi Wokuzila Nokudla, Futhi Ulinganiswa Kanjani?

Inani le-glucose egazini liyashintsha kuye ngokuthi umuntu uzile noma usanda kudla. Ushukela wegazi wokuzila ulinganiswa ngemva kokuzila okungenani amahora angu-8-12. Ushukela wegazi wokudla ulinganiswa amahora amabili ngemva kokudla. Kokubili lokhu kulinganisa kusinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokwehla (i-hypoglycemia) noma ukwenyuka (i-hyperglycemia) koshukela wegazi.

Uhlu Lwezinga Loshukela Wegazi Wokuzila

Kubantu abaphilile, ushukela wegazi wokuzila uvamise ukuba phakathi kuka-70-100 mg/dl. Izinga elingaphansi kuka-60 mg/dl lithathwa njenge-hypoglycemia (ukwehla koshukela) futhi kungadinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Uma ushukela wegazi wokuzila ungaphezu kuka-125 mg/dl, kuba khona ukusola isifo soshukela.

Izinga Loshukela Wegazi Wokudla

Ushukela wegazi wokudla uvamise ukulinganiswa amahora amabili ngemva kokudla futhi kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-140 mg/dl. Izinga eliphakathi kuka-140-200 mg/dl libonisa i-pre-diabetes, kanti elingaphezu kuka-200 mg/dl libonisa isifo soshukela.

Ulinganiswa Kanjani Ushukela Wegazi?

Ushukela wegazi ungalinganiswa kalula ekhaya ngamasampula egazi amancane. Nge-glucometer esetshenziswa ekhaya, igazi elithathwe emunweni lifakwa ku-strip yokulinganisa bese imiphumela itholakala ngemizuzwana embalwa. Le mishini ibalulekile kakhulu ezigulini zeshukela ukuze zilandele ushukela wazo njalo. Kweziguli ezisebenzisa i-insulin, kuvame ukunconywa ukuthi kulinganiswe ushukela izikhathi ezine ngosuku.

Esibhedlela, kuthathwa igazi bese lilinganiswa elebhu. Futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-"oral glucose tolerance test" (OGTT) kungenziwa. Kulokhu, ngemva kokuzila ubusuku bonke, kuqala kulinganiswa ushukela wegazi wokuzila, bese uphuza uketshezi olune-glucose, bese kulinganiswa futhi ushukela ngemva kwamahora amabili. Kubantu abaphilile, ushukela wegazi ubuyela ezingeni elijwayelekile ngosizo lwe-insulin, kanti kweziguli zeshukela leli zinga lihlala liphezulu.

Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ekulinganiseni Ushukela Wegazi Wokuzila Nowokudla

Ukuze ulinganise ushukela wegazi wokuzila, kudingeka okungenani amahora angu-8-12 wokuzila. Yingakho kuvame ukulinganiswa ekuseni ngemva kokuzila ebusuku. Ushukela wegazi wokudla kufanele ulinganiswe amahora amabili ngemva kokuqala kokudla. Isikhathi esingamahora angu-2-3 silungele ukulinganisa; izinga elilinganiswa ngemva kwamahora angu-4 lingadukisa.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zokwenyuka Koshukela Wegazi?

Izinga eliphezulu likashukela wegazi wokuzila noma wokudla lingabangelwa izinto ezahlukene. Ukudla okungelona okunempilo (ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi noma ama-carbohydrate), ukungazivocavoci, ukungasebenzi komzimba, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kanye nezici zofuzo ezinye zezimbangela. Okubalulekile kakhulu isifo soshukela. Ukungathathi kahle imishanguzo noma ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ezigulini zeshukela nakho kungakhuphula ushukela wegazi.

Ushukela Wegazi Ungalinganiswa Kanjani?

Ukugcina ushukela wegazi usesimweni esifanele kudinga ukudla okunempilo, ukudla okuncane kodwa kaningi, nokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke. Ikakhulukazi, kunconywa ukuhamba okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto. Ezimweni ezifana ne-Type 1 diabetes lapho i-pancreas ingakhiqizi i-insulin, imishanguzo kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyadingeka.

Izinga Loshukela Wegazi Nokulandelwa Kwalo Ezinganeni

Kwezingane, izinga likashukela wegazi lihlukile kunalelo labantu abadala futhi lishintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka. Kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezingane ezincane, ushukela wegazi wokuzila kufanele ube phakathi kuka-90-170 mg/dl, kanti wokudla phakathi kuka-120-200 mg/dl. Kwezingane ezineminyaka engu-2-8, ushukela wokuzila phakathi kuka-80-160 mg/dl, kanti wokudla phakathi kuka-110-190 mg/dl; kwezingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kuka-8, ushukela wokuzila phakathi kuka-80-130 mg/dl, kanti wokudla phakathi kuka-110-170 mg/dl. Kwezingane ezizalwa zingenayo i-insulin, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kusenesikhathi nokulinganisa ushukela nsuku zonke kubalulekile kakhulu.

Izinga Loshukela Wegazi Kubantu Abadala Linjani?

Kubantu abadala, ushukela wegazi wokuzila phakathi kuka-70-100 mg/dl, kanti wokudla phakathi kuka-70-140 mg/dl kuthathwa njengokuvamile. Izinga elingaphansi kuka-60 mg/dl liyingozi (i-hypoglycemia) futhi lingadinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Kukhona umehluko ophakathi kuka-20-30 mg/dl phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala ezingeni elijwayelekile likashukela wegazi.

Izinga Loshukela Wegazi Nokuphathwa Kwalo Ezigulini Zeshukela

Kubantu abanesifo soshukela, noma bezile noma bedlile, ushukela wegazi uvame ukuba phezulu kunokuvamile. Ku-Type 1 diabetes umzimba awukhiqizi nhlobo i-insulin futhi kudingeka ukuthela i-insulin. Ku-Type 2 diabetes, ngokuvamile ngenxa yobudala obuphambili, isisindo esiphezulu, umlando womndeni noma ukucindezeleka, ukusebenza kwe-insulin kwehla. Kubantu abane-Type 2 diabetes, ushukela wegazi ungaphathwa ngokudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo kanye nemishanguzo/ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Kweziguli ezikhuluphele, kwezinye izimo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa (njengokuhlinzwa kokukhuluphala) kungasiza ekwelashweni. Kubantu abathole isifo soshukela, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo nokuba ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela kubalulekile ekwehliseni ingozi yokulimala kwezitho zomzimba.

Ushukela Wegazi Nezifo Ezingapheli

Isifo soshukela nezinye izifo ezingapheli zingathinta impilo yomzimba jikelele kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kwezinye izifo. Ikakhulukazi isifo soshukela, ngenxa yokuthi singadala izinkinga ngesikhathi noma ekwelashweni kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kwezifo ezingapheli kubalulekile kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Uyini ushukela wegazi?

Ushukela wegazi uyizinga le-glucose elijikeleza egazini lethu. Unikeza umzimba amandla futhi kubalulekile ukuthi leli zinga lihlale ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile ukuze kube nempilo enhle.

2. Ushukela wegazi wokuzila kufanele ulinganiswe ngemva kwamahora angaki wokuzila?

Ushukela wegazi wokuzila uvamise ukulinganiswa ngemva kokuzila amahora angu-8-12. Kulesi sikhathi, kunconywa ukuphuza amanzi kuphela.

3. Uyini umehluko phakathi koshukela wegazi wokuzila nowokudla?

Ushukela wegazi wokuzila ulinganiswa ngemva kokuzila isikhathi eside, kanti owokudla ulinganiswa cishe amahora amabili ngemva kokudla. Umehluko ukhombisa ukuthi umzimba usebenzisa kahle kangakanani i-glucose ngemva kokudla.

4. Yiziphi izimpawu zokwenyuka koshukela wegazi?

Ukuya njalo endlini encane, ukoma, ukukhathala kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki kungaba izimpawu zokwenyuka koshukela wegazi. Uma lezi zimpawu zikhona, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela.

5. Kungani ushukela wegazi ophansi (i-hypoglycemia) uyingozi?

Ushukela wegazi ophansi kakhulu uvimbela amandla ukuthi afike ebuchosheni; kungaholela ekulahlekelweni umqondo, ukuquleka, noma ngisho nokuwela ekoma. Kulesi simo, kudingeka ukungenelela ngokushesha.

6. Kwenziwa kanjani ukulinganisa ushukela ekhaya?

Nge-glucometer ekhethekile, ushukela ulinganiswa ngegazi elithathwe emunweni. Imiphumela itholakala ngemizuzu embalwa.

7. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze kutholakale isifo soshukela ngokuphelele?

Ukulinganisa ushukela kube kanye akwanele. Ngaphandle kokulinganisa ushukela wokuzila nowokudla, kusetshenziswa i-HbA1c kanye, uma kudingeka, ukuhlolwa kwe-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

8. Yini okufanele ngiyinake ukuze ngibe noshukela wegazi onempilo?

Kubalulekile ukudla ngendlela enempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka nokungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa kodokotela.

9. Uyini ushukela wegazi ofanele ezinganeni?

Ushukela wegazi ezinganeni uyashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka. Ukuze uthole izinga elifanele, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wakho ngokweminyaka nengane yakho kanye nempilo yayo.

10. Abagulayo kashukela kufanele balandele kanjani izinga legazi ushukela nsuku zonke?

Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ukukala izinga legazi ushukela izikhathi ezine ngosuku, kodwa le nombolo ingashintsha kuye ngesimo sempilo yomuntu. Uhlelo lokwelashwa kufanele lunqunywe udokotela.

11. Yiziphi iziphambeko ezingenzeka ekukaleni ushukela egazini?

Ukukala ngesikhathi esingalungile, ukusebenzisa amakhadi/ama-strip angalungile noma uma idivayisi ingasebenzi kahle kungaholela emiphumeleni engalungile. Uma ungabaza, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe bezempilo.

12. Ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela kungalawulwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo, imikhuba yokuphila enempilo kanye nokulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa olunikeziwe kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezingase zidalwe ukushukela.

13. Ingabe ushukela ophezulu egazini uthinta ezinye izifo?

Yebo, ushukela ophezulu ongaphathwa kahle ungathinta kabi inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, izinso, amehlo kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa.

14. Kumele ngenzeni uma ushukela wami uphezulu yize ngisebenzisa imithi noma i-insulin?

Kumele uthintane nodokotela wakho. Kungase kudingeke ukulungiswa komthamo noma ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokwelashwa.

15. Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela isifo sikashukela?

Ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukulawula isisindo kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kodokotela kubantu abasengozini kungavimbela noma kubambezele ukuthuthuka kashukela.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO): Iqiniso ngeDiabetes

• Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo eMelika (CDC): Iziqalo ngeDiabetes

• Inhlangano YaseMelika Yabagulayo Kashukela (ADA): Izindinganiso Zokunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha kuDiabetes

• Inhlangano Yomhlaba Yabagulayo Kashukela (IDF): I-Atlas yeDiabetes

• The New England Journal of Medicine, Diabetes Reviews