I-Hernia Yentamo: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuhlolwa kanye Nezinqubo Zokwelashwa

Yini Ukuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni?

Ukuphuma kwediski entanyeni kuyinkinga yezempilo engathinta izinga lempilo yomuntu, lapho ingxenye emaphakathi yamadiski ephakathi kwamathambo entanyeni (nucleus pulposus) iphushwa ngaphandle kwendawo yayo, icindezela izinzwa eziseduze. Kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, ukulimala noma ukunganyakazi isikhathi eside. Nakuba kungavela kubantu abadala nabasakhulayo, kuvame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-40. Izindlela zokuphila, izimo zemvelo kanye nokuzalwa nazo zingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni le nkinga.

Ukuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni Kwenzeka Kanjani?

Umgogodla uyisisekelo esenza umzimba ume uqonde futhi unyakaze. Phakathi kwamathambo ayisikhombisa entanyeni kukhona izicubu ezibizwa ngamadiski. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yediski, ethambile futhi efana nejeli (nucleus pulposus), izungezwe umgqomo oqinile (anulus fibrosus). Uma le ngxenye ilinyazwa, ingaphakathi lingaphuma, licindezele izinzwa, kubangele izikhalo ezahlukene.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni?

Izimbangela zokuphuma kwediski entanyeni zivame ukuba ziningi. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, ukulimala noma ukushaywa

• Ukunganyakazi isikhathi eside kanye nemikhuba yokuma engalungile

• Ukuphakamisa imithwalo esindayo noma ukucindezeleka ngokweqile ngokomzimba

• Ukulahlekelwa amanzi kwamadiski ngenxa yokuguga, okwenza angasagobi (ukuguga kwamadiski)

• Ukusebenzisa ugwayi

• Ukusebenza isikhathi eside kukhompyutha noma kumakhalekhukhwini

• Imiphumela engemihle yokucindezeleka emisipheni yomgogodla

• Umlando wokugula okufanayo emndenini, okusho ukuzalwa nomkhuba wokuphuma kwediski

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, eminye imisebenzi (njengalabo abasebenza isikhathi eside etafuleni, abesifazane abenza imisebenzi yasendlini kakhulu, abashayeli) kutholakala kaningi ukuphuma kwediski entanyeni.

Izinguquko ezilethwa ukuguga zingashesha ukonakala kwemvelo yediski futhi zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo olungapheli lwephuma kwediski. Uma ukuphuma kwediski kwenzeka ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokulimala, izikhalo zivame ukuqala ngokushesha nangokucacile.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni?

Ukuphuma kwediski entanyeni kungabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi izimpawu ziqine kangakanani futhi yiziphi izinzwa ezithintekayo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu entanyeni, emahlombe, emhlane nasezingalweni

• Ukuluma, ukungazizwa kahle noma ukuncipha komuzwa ezingalweni noma ezandleni

• Ubuthakathaka emisipheni, ikakhulukazi esandleni noma emunweni, ukuncipha kwamandla okubamba

• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuncipha kwempendulo yezinzwa (reflex)

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda, isiyezi nezinye izikhalo ezijwayelekile

• Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukuzwa umsindo ezindlebeni noma ukuncipha kwezandla

Kwabanye abantu, ubuhlungu bungakhula lapho bekhwehlela, bethimula noma bezama ukuzikhandla. Izinga lapho izinzwa zithinteka khona linquma ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezingalweni nasezandleni ezizoba nomthelela wokulahlekelwa umuzwa noma ukunyakaza.

Uma ingelashwa futhi iqhubeka, ingcindezi yezinzwa ingaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu komuzwa noma ukungasebenzi kwemisipha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela ngokushesha uma izimpawu ziqala.

Izimpawu Ezitholakala Ezinzini Ezithintekayo Ngokuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni

Ngokwesigaba lapho idiski icindezela khona, kungavela izikhalo ezahlukene ezinhlakeni ezahlukene zezinzwa:

• C2: Ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukuzwela emehlweni nasezindlebeni

• C3, C4: Ubuhlungu obuncane entanyeni, emahlombe nasemhlane kanye nokuqina kwemisipha

• C5: Ngaphezu kobuhlungu entanyeni nasehlombe, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa engalweni engenhla nasehlombe, ukuncipha kwamandla emisipha

• C6: Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa nobuthakathaka ohlangothini lwengalo, ihlombe nendololwane, ukuncipha kwempendulo yesihlakala

• C7: Ukuncipha komuzwa ezingalweni eziphambili nasemunweni ophakathi, ukuphazamiseka kwempendulo ye-triceps

• C8-T1: Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ezandleni nasengxenyeni ephakathi kwengalo, ukuncipha kokunyakaza kwemunwe

Ukuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni Kutholakala Kanjani?

Ekutholeni ukuphuma kwediski entanyeni, kudingeka ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngokomzimba nokuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kwezimpawu. Ikakhulukazi ukusabalala kobuhlungu, isikhathi sokuqala, ukuqina kwabo kanye nezimpawu zezinzwa kusiza udokotela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukusiza kancane, kodwa ukutholakala kwangempela kusekelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-radiology:

• Iröntgeni (X-ray): Ibonisa isakhiwo samathambo omgogodla kanye nezinguquko zokuguga ezingaba khona.

• I-CT (Bilgisayarlı Tomografi): Isetshenziswa ukuhlola imininingwane yamathambo kanye nokubona ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kumadiski.

• I-MRI (Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme): Inikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ngezicubu ezithambile, ukuphuma kwediski kanye nezinga lokuthinteka kwezinzwa; iyindlela enembile kakhulu yokuthola ukuphuma kwediski entanyeni.

• I-EMG (Elektromiyografi) kanye nokuhlolwa kokudlulisela kwezinzwa: Kungabonisa izinkinga ekudluliseni ugesi kwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinzwa ezithintekile.

Udokotela angase afune ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze ahlukanise ukuthi izimpawu azidalwa izifo zamarheumatism, umdlavuza noma ukutheleleka.

Izindlela Esetshenziswa Ekulashweni Kokuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni

Inhloso yokwelashwa kokuphuma kwediski entanyeni wukunciphisa izikhalo zesiguli, ukunciphisa ingcindezi yezinzwa nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo. Ukwelashwa kuhlelwa ngokukhethekile kuye ngobunzima nokuhamba kwesifo. Izindlela ezikhethwa kuqala ngokuvamile azihlanganisi ukuhlinzwa:

• Imfundo kanye nezeluleko zokuphila: Kubalulekile ukugcina isimo esifanele, indawo yokusebenza efanele, ukugwema ukuphakamisa imithwalo esindayo kanye nokunyakaza okucindezela intamo.

• Uhlelo lwezivivinyo nokwelashwa ngokomzimba: Izivivinyo eziqinisa imisipha ezungeze intamo, zandisa ukugobeka nokujikeleza kwegazi. Kodwa lezi zivivinyo kufanele zenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa uchwepheshe.

• Ukufaka ukushisa noma umoya obandayo: Kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nokuqina kwemisipha.

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye neyokuthambisa imisipha: Isetshenziswa ngendlela edingekayo futhi ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe.

• Ukujova imithi emgogodleni: Uma ubuhlungu buqinile, udokotela angase afake i-cortisone endaweni ye-epidural noma esizindeni sezinsini; lokhu kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuphendula komzimba.

• Ukusebenzisa i-collar yentamo: Kungasiza ngesikhathi esifushane ngesikhathi sobuhlungu obukhulu, kodwa akufanele isetshenziswe isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlinzwa kubhekwa kuphela uma kunezinga eliphezulu lengcindezi yezinzwa, ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi. Ngokuhlinzwa, ingxenye yediski ecindezela izinzwa iyasuswa. Kwezinye izimo, kungasetshenziswa amadiski okwenziwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukuvuleka kwendawo.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezidinga Ukuhlinzwa Kokuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni?

Ukuhlinzwa akudingeki kubo bonke abanezinkinga zokuphuma kwediski entanyeni. Kodwa ezimweni ezilandelayo, kunganconywa ukuhlinzwa:

• Ukukhula kobuthakathaka bemisipha kanye nokuncipha komuzwa okuqhubekayo

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli obungaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha futhi obuphazamisa kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke

• Ingcindezi enkulu ezinzini noma ingozi yokungasebenzi kwemisipha

• Ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umchamo noma izitho zangasese

Isimo sesiguli ngasinye sihlolwa ngokwehlukana ukuze kutholakale indlela yokwelapha efanele kakhulu.

Yiziphi Izindlela Ezisiza Ekulashweni Kokuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni?

Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ekwelashweni kokuphuma kwediski entanyeni:

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nezivivinyo ezenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa uchwepheshe

• Imithi yokuthambisa imisipha, yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala uma kudingeka

• Ukufaka umoya obandayo noma oshisayo

• Uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa ngomzimba noma i-chiropractic ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela

• Ukukhetha umcamelo ofanele nokwenza izinguquko zokuphila ezisekela isimo sentamo

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokwelapha noma izivivinyo, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe wezempilo. Izindlela ezingaqondile zingase zandise izimpawu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola umbono ochwepheshe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ubani Ovame Ukuthinteka Ukuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni?

Ukuphuma kwediski entanyeni kungavela kubantu abadala nabasakhulayo. Kuvame kakhulu kulabo abasebenza etafuleni isikhathi eside, abaphakamisa imithwalo esindayo kanye nalabo abahlala isikhathi eside benganyakazi.

2. Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezibonisa Ukuphuma Kwediski Entanyeni?

Ubuhlungu obusabalala entanyeni, emahlombe noma ezingalweni, ukuluma, ukungazizwa kahle, ukuncipha kwamandla ezingalweni, ukuncipha kwempendulo yezinzwa kanye, ezimweni ezingavamile, isiyezi, kungaba izimpawu zokuphuma kwediski entanyeni.

3. Iyiphi indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu ekutholeni lesi sifo?

Ukuthwebula ngemisebe ye-magnetic resonance (MRI) kuyindlela enikeza imininingwane enembile futhi eningiliziwe ekutholeni i-herniya yentamo.

4. Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kuphephile kuwo wonke umuntu?

Akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokuzivocavoca ezifanele bonke abantu. Abantu abane-herniya yentamo kufanele basebenze ngezinhlelo ezinconywe udokotela futhi ezilawulwa umelaphi wokuzivocavoca.

5. Ingabe umyego uyasiza ku-herniya yentamo?

Ngezindlela ezifanele, kungasiza ekwehliseni ukuqubuka kwamathambo kanye nobuhlungu. Kodwa kwezinye izimo umyego awunconywa; kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ukuze uqinisekise ukufaneleka kwawo.

6. Ingabe i-herniya yentamo ingaphela ngokwayo?

Ezimweni ezilula nezasekuqaleni, izikhalo zingancipha ngokuphumula nokuzivocavoca. Kodwa ezimweni ezinzima nezibonisa izikhalo zezinzwa, kungadingeka ukungenelela kwezokwelapha.

7. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuyimpoqo?

Iningi labaguli be-herniya yentamo lingelashwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kunconywa kuphela ezimweni ezithile ezinzima noma lapho ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi.

8. Ingabe ukusebenzisa i-collar isikhathi eside kuyingozi?

Yebo, ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside kungaholela ebuthakathakeni kwamathambo. I-collar kufanele isetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane kuphela futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.

9. Ingabe ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha nomakhalekhukhwini kungabangela i-herniya yentamo?

Izimo ezingalungile nokuhlala isikhathi eside ngendlela engafanele kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwamathambo nokuqina kwamadiski, okwandisa ingozi ye-herniya.

10. Ingabe i-herniya yentamo ingaphinda?

Yebo, ikakhulukazi uma izici zobungozi zinganakiwe futhi indlela yokuphila ingashintshi.

11. Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-herniya yentamo?

Imvamisa kudingeka izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu, ezithambisa amathambo kanye nezokulwa nokuqubuka. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kube ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.

12. Yiziphi izimo okufanele uthintane nodokotela?

Uma unezikhalo zobuhlungu, ukuluma noma ukulahlekelwa amandla, noma uma izikhalo zakho zanda, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe bezempilo ngokushesha.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO): “Izimo Zomzimba Nemisipha”

• I-Academy of Neurology yaseMelika (AAN): Imithetho ye-Cervical Radiculopathy

• Inhlangano YaseYurophu Yezinhlungu Zomgogodla (EuroSpine): Izincomo ze-Cervical Disc Herniation

• I-American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS): Ubuhlungu Bentamo Nezifo ze-Cervical Disc

• I-Mayo Clinic: “I-Herniated Disk”

• I-New England Journal of Medicine: “Cervical Radiculopathy”