Ukurhudo: Izizathu zawo, Iimpawu zawo kunye neendlela eziKhuselekileyo zokuPhatha
Yintsholongwane Yintoni Kwaye Ivelaphi?
Yintsholongwane, yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya echazwa ngokuba indle iphume rhoqo kunesiqhelo, ithambe kwaye inamanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa zizinto ezosulelayo ezingena emathunjini, ukunganyamezeli ukutya okuthile okanye ezinye izifo zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Kuba inokubangela ilahleko ekhawulezayo yolwelo kunye nee-electrolyte emzimbeni, kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci, abantwana abancinane, abantu abadala kunye nabo abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.
Kubantwana, yintsholongwane sisimo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ilahleko enkulu yolwelo (ukoma) inokuvela. Ingakumbi kubantwana abasandula ukuzalwa, iimpawu zokoma zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqala kwentsholongwane; ngenxa yoko kubalulekile ukubagcina phantsi kweliso elikufutshane. Ukuncipha komchamo, umlomo owomileyo, ukukhala ngaphandle kweenyembezi, amehlo atshonileyo kunye nokungaphatheki kakuhle kubantwana abancinci, zinokuba ziimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokulahlekelwa lulwelo.
Yintsholongwane Enobungozi Iqondwa Njani?
Iindidi ezithile zentsholongwane zibangela ilahleko enkulu yolwelo kunye nee-electrolyte emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokubeka ubomi emngciphekweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-cholera (Vibrio cholerae), Clostridium difficile okanye ezinye iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezithile. Kule meko amathumbu awakwazi ukufunxa kwakhona ulwelo kwaye umzimba ulahlekelwa ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu ezinzima ezinje ngokoma okukhulu, ukuhla koxinzelelo lwegazi, buthathaka, ukuxhuzula kwemisipha, ukudideka kwengqondo okanye ukothuka zinokuvela. Kule meko, endaweni yokuzama unyango ekhaya, kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo, ngakumbi kubantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabo banesifo esingapheliyo.
Zeziphi Iimpawu Zesilumkiso Zentsholongwane Enobungozi?
Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokubonisa ukuba intsholongwane ayisiso isimo esiqhelekileyo kwaye inokuba yingozi:
Ukudumba esiswini, iintlungu kunye nokuxhuzula
Ukungakwazi kulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu
Iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu
Igazi okanye umchamo kwindle
Ukwehla kobunzima ngokukhawuleza nangokubonakalayo
Ukugabha okanye isicaphucaphu
Ukoma okubonakalayo, umlomo owomileyo, ukuncipha komchamo kunye nomchamo omnyama
Ukungaphatheki kakuhle, isiyezi, ukuhla koxinzelelo lwegazi kunye notshintsho kwengqondo
Kubantwana abancinci, ukungaphatheki kakuhle, ukutshona kwe-bulb fontanelle, umlomo owomileyo, kunye nokuncipha kokungcolisa i-diaper zinokuba ziimpawu zokulahlekelwa lulwelo. Ingakumbi kuba abantwana abancinci abakwazi ukuchaza iingxaki zabo, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abadala abajongene nabo babagcine phantsi kweliso elikufutshane.
Iindidi Zentsholongwane
Intsholongwane ihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Intsholongwane engxamisekileyo: Iqala ngesiquphe kwaye ihlala ibangelwa lusulelo, ihlala ingaphantsi kweveki enye.
Intsholongwane engapheliyo: Ihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezine kwaye ihlala inxulunyaniswa nezizathu ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo samathumbu esingaphatheki kakuhle, isifo se-celiac okanye izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo.
Intsholongwane yokukhupha ulwelo: Ivela ngenxa yokukhutshwa kolwelo oluninzi emathunjini; inokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-cholera.
Intsholongwane ye-osmotic: Ivela xa izinto ezingafunxwanga emathunjini zitsala amanzi, umzekelo xa kukho ukunganyamezeli i-lactose.
Intsholongwane enevumba (steatoreic): Ivela ngenxa yokungafunxwa kakuhle kwamafutha, indle iba nevumba, ikhanye kwaye inuka kakubi.
Zeziphi Izizathu Zentsholongwane?
Kwihlabathi lonke, ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zentsholongwane kubantwana nabantu abadala ziintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane. Ukongeza kwezi:
Ushukela lwe-parasite
Ukutya kunye namanzi angacacanga imvelaphi yawo, angaphekwanga kakuhle okanye angacocekanga
Utshintsho olwenziwa ngamayeza athile, ngakumbi i-antibiotic, kwi-flora yamathumbu
Ukunganyamezeli ukutya (umzekelo ukunganyamezeli i-lactose okanye i-gluten)
Izifo zamathumbu ezingapheliyo (umzekelo isifo sikaCrohn, ulcerative colitis)
Uxinzelelo kunye nezizathu zengqondo zinokuchaphazela ukuhamba kwamathumbu.
Zeziphi Iingozi Zentsholongwane Xa Inganyangwanga?
Ukuba umntwana wakho uneqondo lobushushu, ugabha kunye neempawu zentsholongwane kwaye engafumani unyango ngexesha, iingozi ezahlukeneyo zinokuvela:
Buthathaka, ukungafuni kudla, ukwehla komgangatho wobomi
Umlomo owomileyo, ukuncipha kokuphuma komchamo
Ukuphulukana nengqondo, kwiimeko ezinzima koma okanye ukufa
Ubunzima bokoma bunokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kubantwana abancinci xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala. Ngenxa yoko akufanele kungahoywa.
Ulawulo Lwentsholongwane Kubantwana Nabantwana Abancinci
Kubantwana, intsholongwane ihlala ibangelwa yintsholongwane kwaye i-antibiotic ihlala ingadingeki. Ukuba intsholongwane ihamba nokugabha, umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa lulwelo uyanda. Ukuba umntwana ugabha rhoqo, akakwazi ukutya okanye ukusela, kufuneka kuqhagamshelwane nengcali yezempilo.
Indlela Yokubonelela Ngolwelo Ekhaya
Kwiimeko ezilula neziphakathi zentsholongwane, injongo ephambili kukubuyisela ulwelo kunye neminerali elahlekileyo. Izisombululo zokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo ezithengwa kumayeza kwaye zilungiswa ngamanzi zingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngokweminyaka yomntwana, oku kucetyiswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ngaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2: Emva kwendle enamanzi nganye, iglasi encinci yeti
Iminyaka emi-2 nangaphezulu: Isiqingatha okanye iglasi epheleleyo yamanzi
Abantwana abadala: Kangangoko banokukwazi ukusela
Xa ukugabha kunyuka, kucetyiswa ukuba ulwelo lunikwe kancinci kodwa rhoqo.
Ukutya Kufanele Kube Njani?
Ngexesha lentsholongwane, ukutya akufanele kumiswe ngokupheleleyo; kufuneka kukhethwe ukutya okungaphazamisi isisu njengombhanana, iyogathi, iphalishi yerayisi, itapile ephekiweyo, inkukhu, iisuphu zemifuno ezingenamafutha, i-ayiran kunye nesonka. Ukutya okuneswekile, okutshisiweyo, okunespices okanye okuneasidi kufuneka kuphepheke kuba kunokwenza intsholongwane ibe mbi ngakumbi.
Ukuxhasa iFlora Yamathumbu
Abanye oogqirha banokucetyisa izongezelelo zeprobiotic okanye iimveliso eziqulethe i-zinc ukuxhasa i-flora yamathumbu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngengcebiso yeengcali zempilo.
Ukhathalelo Lwentsholongwane Kubantwana Abancinci
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunyango lwentsholongwane kubantwana abancinci kukubuyisela ulwelo kunye neminerali elahlekileyo ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kubantwana abancinci abasela ubisi lukanina, kufuneka baqhubeke beselwa rhoqo. Izisombululo zokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo ezinikezelwa ngengcebiso yogqirha zingasetyenziswa. Ukuba umntwana mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, iphalishi yerayisi, itapile ephekiweyo, umxube wombhanana okanye iyogathi zinokongezwa. Ukuba intsholongwane ihlala ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu, kukho ubushushu okanye indle inegazi, kufuneka kuqhagamshelwane nogqirha.
Izinto Ezonyusa Umngcipheko Kwisifo Sentsholongwane
La manqaku alandelayo onyusa umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane:
Ukungaseli ubisi lukanina (ingakumbi kwiinyanga ezine zokuqala)
Ukungacoceki kweebhotile kunye neempumlo zokuncancisa
Iimeko ezingafanelekanga zokulungiselela/ukugcina ukutya namanzi
Ukungacoceki kwendalo esingqongileyo
Ubuthathaka kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela okanye izifo ezingapheliyo
Iindlela Zokusasazeka Kwentsholongwane Nokuthintelwa Kwayo
Izifo zihlala zisasazeka ngendlela yendle-isandla-umlomo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngamanzi angakhuselekanga okanye ukutya okungaphekwanga kakuhle. Ukungabuyiseli ukutya okutshisiweyo efrijini, ukuphepha amachibi anabantu abaninzi okanye anokungabi ncoceko, kunye nokuphepha ubisi olungaphathwanga kakuhle kunye neemveliso zalo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni. Kufuneka kulandelwe imigaqo yokucoca xa kulungiswa okanye kusetyenziswa ukutya, ukutya kuphekwe kakuhle kwaye kusetyenziswe kungakabi mdala.
Kufuneka Uye Kugqirha Nini?
Kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza kwezi meko zilandelayo:
Ukuphuma kwendle enamanzi rhoqo nangaphezulu
Ukungakwazi ukusela amanzi okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu
Iqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-38°C
Ukugabha okuphindaphindiweyo okanye okwandayo
Igazi kwindle
Ukuncipha kokuphuma komchamo, ukukhala ngaphandle kweenyembezi, ulusu olomileyo nolugotywe
Kubantu abadala, abantwana abancinci kunye nabo banesifo esingapheliyo kufuneka kube nokhathalelo olukhethekileyo.
Zeziphi Iindlela Ezisetyenziswa Ekufumaneni Isifo?
Kufumaneni isifo, ixesha leempawu, imbali yokuhamba, amayeza asetyenziswe kutshanje kunye nemikhwa yokutya kuhlolwa. Ngokohlobo lwentsholongwane, kuvavanywa indle, kuvavanywa ilabhoratri kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko kusetyenziswa neendlela zokubonisa. Kwintsholongwane engapheliyo, kuvavanywa ngakumbi ukufumanisa unobangela ongaphantsi.
Iindlela Zonyango
Kwimeko yokuqala (akut) yesifo sokuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni, injongo kukubuyisela ulwelo kunye neeminerali ezilahlekileyo kwaye kugcinwe imeko yomntu iyonke. Unyango lwe-antibiotic luyafuneka kuphela xa kugunyazisiwe ngugqirha kwaye kwizifo ezithile. Ukutya kufuneka kuqhubeke kwaye iimpawu zokulahleka kolwelo zilandwe ngokusondeleyo. Kwimeko ezinzima, unyango lolwelo lungenziwa ngomjelo wegazi. Ukuba kufunyenwe isifo esingapheliyo, unyango luhlengahlengiswa ngokweemeko ezisisiseko. Iindlela Zokuthintela Ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni
Ukuphucula imikhwa yokuhlamba izandla kunye nococeko
Ukusela amanzi acocekileyo, akhuselekileyo kunye nokutya okuphekiweyo kakuhle
Ukukhetha ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi ezipasteurizekileyo
Ukulinda ngakumbi ekutyeni okutyelwa ngaphandle ngexesha lasehlotyeni
Imibuzo Ebuza Ngokuphindaphindiweyo
1. Yintoni ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni kwaye iba yingozi nini?
Ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni kuthetha ukuba indle iba lulwelo, ithambe kwaye iphindaphindeka. Ukuba kubakho ubushushu obuphezulu, ukunxanwa okukhulu, indle egazini okanye ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kobunzima, okanye umntwana/umntwana omncinci engakwazi ukufumana ulwelo ngenxa yokugabha, kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
2. Kwenzeka ntoni xa umntwana ephuma amanzi emzimbeni?
Kubalulekile ukubuyisela ulwelo kunye neeminerali ezilahlekileyo kumntwana, ukwandisa ukufunyanwa kobisi lukanina, kunye nokunika isisombululo sokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo ngokwengcebiso yogqirha. Kwimeko ezinzima, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
3. Yintoni ebangela ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni ebantwaneni?
Izona zizathu zixhaphakileyo ziintsholongwane (umzekelo: rotavirus, norovirus). Ukongeza, amanzi angacocekanga, ukutya okungacocekanga, ezinye i-antibiotic kunye nokunganyamezelani kokutya nako kungabangela ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni.
4. Ungayithintela njani ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni?
Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukusela amanzi acocekileyo kunye nokutya okuphekiweyo kakuhle, kunye nokuphepha iimveliso zobisi ezingapasteurizekanga kuyacetyiswa.
5. Unyango lwasekhaya lwenza ntoni xa uphuma amanzi emzimbeni?
Kwimeko ezithambileyo nezisemaphakathi, kufuneka kunikwe ulwelo oluninzi ukuthintela ukulahleka kolwelo kwaye kukhethwe ukutya okulula ukugaya. Iiprobhayotikhi okanye izongezelelo ze-zinc zingasetyenziswa ngokwengcebiso yogqirha.
6. Zithini iimpawu zokulahleka kolwelo emzimbeni?
Ukoma emlonyeni nasebusweni, ukuncipha kokuchama, ukuchama okumnyama, ukuncipha kweenyembezi, ubuthathaka kunye nokungazinzi/utshintsho kwimeko yokwazi ebantwaneni zezona mpawu ziphambili zokulahleka kolwelo.
7. Kukhoziphi ukutya okuncedisayo xa uphuma amanzi emzimbeni?
Ibanana, irayisi, iitapile ezibilisiweyo, iyogathi, iayiran kunye nesonka njengeemithombo ezilula zekhabhohayidrethi kunye neprotheyini ziyacetyiswa. Kubalulekile ukwandisa ukufunyanwa kolwelo ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala.
8. Ngaba i-antibiotic zingabangela ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni?
Ewe, ezinye i-antibiotic zingaphazamisa iflora yamathumbu zize zibangele ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni. I-antibiotic akufuneki zisetyenziswe ngaphandle kwengcebiso yogqirha.
9. Kufuneka ndiyokugqirha nini?
Kwiimeko zokuphuma amanzi emzimbeni ezinzima, ukugabha, ubushushu obuphezulu, indle egazini, ukungakwazi ukufumana ulwelo kunye neempawu zokulahleka kolwelo, kufuneka uye kwindawo yezempilo.
10. Yintoni ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni okungapheliyo, kwaye kubonakala kwiziphi izifo?
Ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni okuqhubeka ngaphezulu kweeveki ezine kuthathwa njengokungapheliyo kwaye kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa ne-irritable bowel syndrome, i-celiac okanye izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo.
11. Ngaba iiprobhayotikhi zisebenza ekuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni?
Ngokophando oluthile, iiprobhayotikhi zinokunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni okokuqala kwaye zixhase iflora yamathumbu; kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kufuneka kube phantsi koluleko lwengcali.
12. Ndiyiqonda njani ukuba ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni kuyosulela?
Uninzi lwezifo ezibangela ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni (umzekelo: rota okanye norovirus) ziyosulela. Ucoceko lwezandla kunye nokungabelani ngezinto zobuqu kubalulekile.
13. Ziziphi iziyobisi ezibangela ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni?
Ezona zixhaphakileyo zi-antibiotic, ezinye iziyobisi zamathumbu kunye nezonyango lwe-chemotherapy; soloko ubuza kugqirha wakho phambi kokuyeka isiyobisi.
14. Kufuneka kuselwe malini xa kulahleka ulwelo?
Ulwelo olulahlekileyo kufuneka lubuyiselwe ngamanzi okanye izisombululo zokubuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo. Ugqirha wakho wabantwana angacacisa isixa esifanelekileyo ngeyure okanye nganye indle.
15. Xa uphuma amanzi emzimbeni, kufuneka uyeke ukutya nini?
Ngokubanzi, akucetyiswa ukuyeka ukutya. Kwimeko yokugabha okukhulu kunye nokungakwazi ukufumana ulwelo, ukutya kufuneka kulungiswe phantsi kolawulo logqirha.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): Inyani malunga nesifo sokuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni
Iziko laseMelika loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC): Ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni – Uhlaziyo
Imigaqo ye-European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)
The New England Journal of Medicine: Ulawulo lwe-Gastroenteritis eBantwaneni
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Unyango lokuBuyisela ulwelo ngomlomo kubantwana nabantwana abancinci
Yonke ingcaciso ekolu xwebhu isekelwe kwiikhokelo zangoku zonyango kunye nemithombo ethembekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nengcali yezempilo ngalo lonke ixesha kwinkqubo yokuxilonga kunye nonyango.