Ukungakwazi Ukuphefumla (Dispne): Izizathu, Iimpawu kunye neendlela zokuSisombulula
Yintoni Ukunqongophala Komoya?
Ukunqongophala komoya okanye ngokwesiGqibo sezonyango okubizwa ngokuba yi-dispne, sisikhalazo apho umntu evakalelwa kukuba akakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo umthamo womoya wakhe kwaye uqaphela ngakumbi isenzo sokuphefumla. Iintshukumo zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga kubomi bemihla ngemihla ziba zicace ngakumbi kubantu abane ngxaki yokunqongophala komoya. Le meko, edla ngokuchazwa njenge "ukuvakalelwa kukungonelanga komoya", "ukulamba umoya" okanye "ukuphelelwa ngumoya", inokuvela xa kunyuka izitepsi, xa kuhamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ngamanye amaxesha nakwimo yokuphumla. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu angaziva engakhululekanga nangona ephefumla ngokwaneleyo. Ukunqongophala komoya luphawu olufuneka luhlolwe ngokubanzi kuba lunokubangelwa zizizathu zomzimba okanye zengqondo.
Kweziphi Iimeko Ukuvela Kokunqongophala Komoya?
Ukunqongophala komoya sisikhalazo esinokuchaphazela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yobomi kwaye sibangele ukwehla okubonakalayo kumgangatho wobomi. Nangona sinokubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kweempawu zaso eziphambili kukuba nzima ukuphefumla kunye nokuqaphela ngakumbi inkqubo yokuphefumla. Ukunqongophala komoya kunokubangelwa zizifo zamaphaphu okanye zentliziyo, okanye ngenxa yeemeko zengqondo kunye nezinye izifo zesistim ezahlukeneyo.
Kwezonyango, ukunqongophala komoya kuhlalwa kuhlolwa kumaqela amabini aphambili:
1. Izizathu ezivela kumaphaphu: Izifo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuphefumla.
2. Izizathu ezingaphandle kwamaphaphu: Ingakumbi izifo zentliziyo, ukungabikho kwegazi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-metabolism kunye neemeko zengqondo.
Ukunqongophala komoya okuqala ngomsitho kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezifo zentliziyo namaphaphu. Izikhalazo ezikhula kancinci okanye ezihlala ixesha elide zihlala zibonisa izizathu ezizinzileyo okanye eziphakathi. Ukongezelela koko, ukungaqhelekanga kwesakhiwo kumphunga okanye kwiindlela zokuphefumla eziphezulu nako kunokubangela ubunzima bokuhamba komoya.
Zeziphi Iimpawu Ezixhaphakileyo Zokunqongophala Komoya?
Ukunqongophala komoya kunokuvela kunye nezinye iimpawu ezihamba nako. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:
Ubunzima ekuphefumleni
Imvakalelo yokungonelanga komoya okanye ukuphelelwa ngumoya
Ukuphefumla okunomsindo, okungaqhelekanga okanye okufana nomsindo wokuvuthela
Ukuxinana okanye iintlungu kwindawo yesifuba
Ukuphaphama ebusuku ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuphefumla
Ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nesidingo sokuphumla rhoqo, ngakumbi kwiimisebenzi efuna umzamo njengokunyuka izitepsi
Ukukhupha umkhuhlane onegazi
Ukukhohlela okungalindelekanga okanye okuhlala ixesha elide
Ukudinwa okungapheliyo okanye ukudinwa
Ukuphathwa yintloko, iintlungu zentloko
Ukudumba ezimpundu nasemilenzeni (i-edema)
Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
Ukudideka kwengqondo okanye ukuphulukana nokuqonda okwexeshana elifutshane
Ukuncipha kobunzima bomzimba
Ukuba nayiphi na kwezi mpawu ihamba nokunqongophala komoya, kubalulekile ukubonana nengcali yezempilo ukuze kuqatshelwe ubunzima bemeko.
Zeziphi Izinto Ezibangela Ukunqongophala Komoya?
Izizathu eziphantsi kobunzima bokuphefumla zihlulwe zibe zimbini: ezinxulumene namaphaphu kunye nezingaphandle kwamaphaphu.
Izizathu ezivela kumaphaphu zinokubandakanya ezi zilandelayo:
Izifo ezibangela ukuncipha kweendlela zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-bronchitis
Isifo samaphaphu esingapheliyo (KOAH)
Isifo sephepha (zatüre/pneumonia)
Pnömotoraks (ukudodobala okanye ukuwa kwecandelo okanye lonke iphepha)
Pulmoner emboli (ukwakheka kweqhina egazini lamaphaphu)
Umhlaza wamaphaphu
Ukuchasana ixesha elide nezinto ezibangela ungcoliseko okanye imichiza
Iimpendulo ezibangela u-allergy
Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kunye nongcoliseko lomoya
Ukuthintelwa kweendlela zokuphefumla ngezinto zangaphandle (ingakumbi kubantwana)
Izizathu ezingaphandle kwamaphaphu ziquka:
Izifo zentliziyo (umzekelo ukusilela kwentliziyo okanye isifo sentliziyo)
Ukungabikho kwegazi (anemi)
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokujikeleza kwegazi
Ubunzima bomzimba obugqithisileyo (obesity)
Izifo ze-neurology (ezifana neGuillain-Barre syndrome, Myastenia gravis)
Izizathu zengqondo (ezifana ne-panic attack, ukungazinzi kwengqondo)
Ukuphulukana negazi okanye ukuncipha komzimba ngokubanzi
Ukuguga
Kwezinye iimeko ezi zinto zinokufumaneka kunye. Nokuba yintoni na imbangela, ukunqongophala komoya kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwaye kufunyaniswe imbangela ephantsi kwayo ngokubonisana nogqirha.
Zeziphi Iindlela Ezisetyenziswa Ekuhlolweni KweNqongophala Komoya?
Xa umntu onesikhalazo sokunqongophala komoya efika, kuqala kuthathwa imbali yesigulana ngokweenkcukacha. Emva koko kuqhutywa uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko kusetyenziswa olu vavanyo lulandelayo:
Umfanekiso wamaphaphu (irontgen)
Iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wokuphefumla
Uvavanyo lwegazi
Tomografi yecomputer
Bronkoskopi
EKG kunye novavanyo lwentliziyo (xa kusoloko imvelaphi yentliziyo)
Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uvavanyo lwengqondo
Emva kwezi zifundo, imbangela yokunqongophala komoya icaciswa kwaye kwenziwa isicwangciso sonyango esikhethekileyo kumntu ngamnye.
Zeziphi Iindawo Zobungcali Ezichaphazelekayo Kukunqongophala Komoya?
Abantu abane ngxaki yokunqongophala komoya banokubonisana nogqirha wosapho okanye ingcali yezifo zangaphakathi kuqala. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimbangela yesikhalazo, ingcali yezifo zamaphaphu (pulmonology) inokuhlola izifo zamaphaphu, kwaye ugqirha wecardiology angahlola iingxaki ezivela entliziyweni. Xa kuyimfuneko, uncedo lunokufunyanwa kwiingcali ezininzi.
Zeziphi Izifo Zamaphaphu Ezibangela Ukunqongophala Komoya?
Ezinye zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokunqongophala komoya ezivela kumaphaphu ziquka i-asthma, i-bronchitis kunye ne-KOAH. I-asthma, ingakumbi ibangela ukuncipha kweendlela zomoya kunye nemvakalelo yokuxinana esifubeni. Ukuphefumla okunomsindo okanye okufana nomsindo wokuvuthela kuqhelekile. Ukubanda, umkhuhlane, i-allergies, umthambo onzima okanye umoya ongcolileyo nako kunokubangela ukuncipha kweendlela zokuphefumla. Ukongeza, iigesi ezinetyhefu, ukuphefumla iimveliso zokucoca ezinemichiza okanye ukudibanisa iimveliso zokucoca ezahlukeneyo nako kunokubangela ukunqongophala komoya.
Pnömotoraks (ukudodobala kwamaphaphu) kubonakala ngeentlungu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukwakheka kweqhina egazini lamaphaphu (pulmoner emboli) kubonakala ngeentlungu ezinzulu esifubeni, umkhuhlane onegazi, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo kunye nokunqongophala komoya okukhulu.
Izifo Zentliziyo Ezibangela Ukunqongophala Komoya
Izifo zentliziyo nazo zingumba obalulekileyo wokunqongophala komoya. Ukunqongophala komoya kuvela rhoqo kwixesha lokuqala lesifo sentliziyo okanye xa intliziyo isilela. Ukongezelela, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwevalvu zentliziyo nako kunokubangela imvakalelo yokungakwazi ukuphefumla ngokwaneleyo. Ukudumba kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yintliziyo nako yimeko efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, equka ukunqongophala komoya okukhulu kunye nokudumba.
Yintoni Enokunceda Ukunqongophala Komoya?
Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokunciphisa ukunqongophala komoya kukuqaphela imbangela ephantsi kwayo kwaye kuqaliswe unyango olufanelekileyo lwezonyango. Inkqubo yonyango kufuneka icwangciswe phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Ukongeza, le misebenzi ilandelayo inokuba luncedo ekulawuleni izikhalazo:
Ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ugwayi kunye neemveliso zawo
Ukuphepha umoya ongcolileyo kunye nokuphefumla imichiza eninzi
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokuhlala inomoya owaneleyo
Ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba ukuze kuqiniswe imisipha yokuphefumla, kodwa ukuqala inkqubo yomthambo phantsi kolawulo logqirha
Ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba
Ukuzikhusela kwizinto ezibangela i-allergy
Ukuqhuba uhlolo lwezempilo rhoqo
Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwengqondo, ukusetyenziswa kweetekhniki zokuphefumla ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulala kakuhle nako kunempembelelo entle kwimpilo yokuphefumla iyonke.
Iindlela Ezisebenzayo Zokunciphisa Ukunqongophala Komoya
Kubantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo, i-allergies okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide, ukulandela rhoqo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lwamayeza kubalulekile. Ukuyeka ugwayi, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunye nokulawula ubunzima bomzimba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukunqongophala komoya. Ukufunda iindlela zokuphefumla kunye neendlela zokuphumla nako kunokunceda ekuphefumleni kakuhle ebomini bemihla ngemihla. Ukuba kukho ukuphucuka okungalindelekanga kwesimo, ukunqongophala komoya nakwimo yokuphumla okanye iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana neentlungu esifubeni, kufuneka uye kwindawo yezempilo ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Imibuzo Ebuza Ngokuphindaphindiweyo
1. Kutheni kusenzeka ukunqongophala komoya?
Ukunqongophala komoya kunokuvela ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izifo zamaphaphu okanye zentliziyo, ukungabikho kwegazi, ubunzima bomzimba obugqithisileyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo, iziphumo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezizathu zengqondo.
2. Ndimele ndiye kugqirha onjani xa ndine ngxaki yokunqongophala komoya?
Ugqirha wosapho, ingcali yezifo zangaphakathi, ingcali yezifo zomphunga (pulmonoloji) okanye iingcali zekhadiyoloji banokwenza uvavanyo ngalo mba. Ukuqondisa kwenziwa ngokwezikhalazo zakho kunye nesizathu esingaphantsi.
3. Ukuba ukuswela umoya kuqale ngesiquphe, ndingenza ntoni?
Ukuswela umoya okuqalayo ngesiquphe kunye nokuba nzima, intlungu esifubeni okanye ukulahlekelwa yingqondo, kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo.
4. Ndinesiphithiphithi sokuphefumla kodwa andinayo naziphi na izifo, ingaba oku kunokuba yengqondo?
Ewe, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, uvalo kunye ne-paniki attack zinokubangela ukuswela umoya. Kodwa kufuneka kuqale kukhutshelwe ezinye izizathu zonyango.
5. Ndingazenza ntoni ekhaya ukunciphisa ukuswela umoya?
Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye nezinye iindlela eziyingozi, ukuvulela umoya endlini, ukuzikhusela kuxinzelelo kunye nezinto ezibangela utywala, kunye nokwenza imithambo yokuphefumla efundiswe ngugqirha kunokunceda.
6. Ukuba ukuswela umoya kwenzeka xa ndilele, ndingenza ntoni?
Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla ebusuku, ngakumbi ukuba kukho i-apnea yokulala, izifo zentliziyo okanye zomphunga, kufuneka ube novavanyo; qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
7. Kwi-Asthma kunye ne-KOAH ukuswela umoya kulawulwa njani?
Unyango lweziyobisi olufanelekileyo, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha kunokuthintela iimpawu. Imithambo yokuphefumla eyenzelwe umntu inokuba luncedo.
8. Kutheni abantwana beswela umoya?
Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo ziquka usulelo lwendlela ephezulu yokuphefumla, asthma, iiallergies kunye nokufunxa izinto ezingaphandle. Ukuswela umoya ngesiquphe kufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
9. Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu kukuswela umoya?
Abantu abadala, abatshayayo, abanesifo esingapheliyo kunye nabo baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu banokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi.
10. Ingaba ukuswela umoya kunxulumene nobunzima bomzimba?
Ewe, kubantu abaninzi kakhulu, umthamo womphunga unokuncipha kwaye imisipha yokuphefumla inokuba nzima; le meko inokuba sisizathu sokuswela umoya.
11. Ziziphi iindlela zokuvavanya ukuswela umoya?
Emva kwembali yesigulana kunye novavanyo lomzimba, unokucelwa i-x-ray yomphunga, iimvavanyo zegazi, iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wokuphefumla, i-EKG kunye nezinye iindlela zokujonga eziphambili xa kuyimfuneko.
12. Ingaba ukuswela umoya kunokuba yexeshana?
Ewe, ukuba kubangelwa lusulelo okanye impembelelo yexesha elifutshane yendalo, kunokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ukuba izikhalazo ziyaqhubeka okanye ziba mandundu, kufuneka ujonge ugqirha.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO) Iinkcukacha zeZifo zoMphunga ezingapheliyo
Umbutho waseMelika weMiphunga (American Lung Association) Yintoni ukuswela umoya?
Umbutho waseMelika weNtliziyo (American Heart Association) Ukuswela umoya
Chest Journal Uvavanyo lokuswela umoya kwindawo yezonyango
European Respiratory Society Imigaqo-nkqubo yovavanyo lokuswela umoya