Izinto Ekufuneka Uziqonde NgeMigreni: Inkcazo Yayo, Iindidi, Iimpawu Nokulawulwa Kwayo

Yintoni Eyenziwa YiMigren Ukuhluka Kwayo Kwiintlungu Zentloko Ezinye?

IMigren luhlobo lwentloko olubuhlungu oluqala nangaliphi na ixesha ebomini, rhoqo luphindaphinda kwaye ngamanye amaxesha luhlala iiyure okanye iintsuku. Ichaphazela kakhulu abantu abasebenzayo kwaye iphakathi kwezifo ezinzima ezibangela ukulahleka komsebenzi kwihlabathi lonke. Ingakumbi kwabasetyhini, itholakala rhoqo ngakumbi kunakwamadoda; ngokophando olwahlukeneyo, malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu kwabasetyhini, kwaye omnye kwabamashumi amabini kwamadoda, banemigren. Nangona ingaqala ebuntwaneni, idla ngokuba iqale ebusheni kwaye ixinzelelo lwayo lingancipha kwiminyaka ephambili, ngakumbi emva kokuphela kokuya exesheni.

Zeziphi Iimpawu ZeMigren?

IMigren sisifo se-neurology esinokuhlala ubomi bonke kwaye sihamba ngamaqela entloko abuhlungu aphindaphindayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intloko ebuhlungu ngexesha le-attack igxile kwicala elinye, ihamba ngobunzima obuphakathi okanye obukhulu, kwaye ibetha-betha. Rhoqo ihamba neempawu ezifana nokugabha, ukugabha, ukunganyamezeli ukukhanya kunye nengxolo. Ngamanye amaxesha, abaguli banokuchitha ixesha elingenantlungu phakathi kweekhephu.

Ukuthambekela kwezizukulwana kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweMigren. Umngcipheko wemigren uyanda kubantu abanembali yosapho. Kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela imvelaphi yezizukulwana, kodwa nezinto ezijikeleze umntu zinegalelo ekubeni nesifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba iMigren ayisosifo esidluliselwa ngokupheleleyo, zombini izinto zezizukulwana kunye nezendalo ziyasebenza.

Zeziphi Iintlobo Ezikhulu ZeMigren?

IMigren yahlulwe yaba ngamaqela amabini aphambili ekuqwalaseleni kweklinikhi:

IMigren Engenayo iAura: Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo. I-attack yentloko ebuhlungu ihlala phakathi kweeyure ezine ukuya kwezingamashumi asixhenxe anesibini. Intlungu ihlala kwicala elinye kwaye ingaba mandundu xa umntu esebenza ngokwasemzimbeni. I-attack ingahamba nokunganyamezeli ukukhanya okanye ingxolo.

IMigren Enayo iAura: Iquka malunga neepesenti ezilishumi zabantu abaneMigren. Ngaphambi kokuba intloko ibuhlungu iqale – ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neyure enye ngaphambili – kubonakala iimpawu zexeshana ezifana nokuphazamiseka kombono (imigca egobileyo, ukukhanya okukhazimlayo, imingxunya embonweni), ukungcangcazela, buthathaka, isiyezi okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha. I-attack eneaura kunye nengenayo zingaba nobunzima obufanayo.

Ngaphandle kwezi, nangona kungaqhelekanga, iMigren engapheliyo (ubuncinane iintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu ngenyanga zentloko ebuhlungu kunye neentsuku ezisibhozo zeMigren), kunye nezinye iintlobo ezifana neMigren enokwenzeka, ziye zachazwa.

Yintoni Ebangela IMigren? Zeziphi Izinto Ezivusa Iintlungu?

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukucacisa ngokupheleleyo izizathu zeMigren, kukholelwa ukuba esi sifo sivela ngenxa yotshintsho olusebenzayo phakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye neenqaku zengqondo ebuchotsheni. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi kubantu abaneMigren ibuthathaka ngakumbi kwizinto ezithile kwaye izinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle zinokwenza kube lula ukuqala kwe-attack.

Izizukulwana zidlala indima kuphuhliso lweMigren; ngakumbi abantu abanemigren kusapho banomngcipheko ophezulu kunabanye. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo, ukungalali kakuhle, utshintsho lwehomoni, utshintsho lwemozulu, ukutya okanye ukusela okuthile, ivumba elijikeleze okanye ukuvezwa kwengxolo kunokubangela iMigren kumntu ngamnye.

Ungazi Njani Iimpawu ZeMigren?

IMigren idla ngokubonakala ngamanqanaba amane aphambili alandelelanayo:

1. Ixesha leProdrom:

Kwiyure okanye usuku olungaphambi kwe-attack, iimpawu ezifana nokucaphuka okuncinane, utshintsho lwemood, ukungafuni nto, utshintsho ekulaleni nasekutyeni, kunye nokuqina kwengingqi yentamo zingavela.

2. Ixesha leAura:

Nangona ingabonakali kubo bonke abaguli, kwabanye abantu, ngaphambi okanye ekuqaleni kwentloko ebuhlungu, kunokubakho ukuphazamiseka kombono, ukuva okanye kwe-neurology (umzekelo ukukhanya okukhazimlayo, imingxunya embonweni, ukungcangcazela, ukungaphatheki kakuhle, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha). Iimpawu zeAura zihlala zingaphantsi kweyure enye.

3. Ixesha Lentlungu (Intloko Ebuhlungu):

Intloko ebuhlungu ihlala kwicala elinye, ibetha-betha kwaye ibuhlungu kakhulu; kodwa inokuchaphazela yonke intloko. Rhoqo ihamba nokugabha, ukugabha, ukunganyamezeli ukukhanya, ingxolo okanye ivumba. Ukulala okanye ukuphumla kwindawo emnyama, ethe cwaka, kuhlala kunceda. Eli xesha lingahlala iiyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa.

4. Ixesha lePostdrom:

Emva kokuphela kwentlungu, abantu banokuziva bediniwe, bedidekile, benentloko ebuhlungu encinane kunye nobunzima bokugxila, oku kungahlala iiyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Singayiqonda Njani Kwaye Siqinisekise Uvavanyo LweMigren?

Uvavanyo lweMigren lwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ingakumbi iminyaka yokuqala ye-attack, iimpawu kunye nezinye iingxaki ezihamba nazo zihlolisiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko yokwenza iimvavanyo zokujonga okanye ezelabhoratri; kodwa ukuba kukho imfuneko yokwahlula kwezinye izifo okanye ukrokrela isizathu esahlukileyo, kuvavanyo olungaphezulu lungenziwa. Kucetyiswa ukufumana uncedo kugqirha we-neurology ekufumaneni uvavanyo oluchanekileyo.

Zeziphi Izinto Ezivusa Iintlungu ZeMigren?

Izinto ezivusa iMigren zingahluka kumntu nomntu kodwa ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ukuphosa isidlo okanye ukulamba

• Ukungalali rhoqo

• Uxinzelelo

• Ukuvezwa kukukhanya okukhanyayo, ingxolo ephezulu okanye ivumba elinamandla

• Utywala (ingakumbi iwayini ebomvu)

• Ukutya okuthile njengechocolate, inyama esetyenzisiweyo, itshizi enetyuwa ephezulu

• Utshintsho lwehomoni (umzekelo: ixesha lokufika kokuya exesheni)

• Utshintsho lwemozulu, ungcoliseko lomoya

• Ukutshaya kunye nomsi wesibini

Ukuqaphela ezi zinto zivusayo kunye nokuziphepha kangangoko kunokunceda ukunciphisa amaxesha e-attack.

Yintoni Ifuthe Lokutya KwiMigren?

Kuyaziwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kweMigren kunye nokutya okuthile. Inyama esetyenzisiweyo enenitrate njenge-sosis, salam, sucuk; ichocolate; itshizi enetiramin ephezulu; iziselo ezinevumba okanye ezibandayo; ukutya okutshisiweyo okunamafutha kunokubangela intloko ebuhlungu. Ukongeza, inani lekofu, iti okanye utywala nalo lunokuchaphazela umngcipheko we-attack. Ngenxa yoku, kuluncedo ukulandelela ukuba yeyiphi imveliso ethile ethi ibangele intlungu kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo.

Zeziphi Iindlela Zonyango Ezisetyenziswa Kulawulo LweMigren?

Nangona unyango oluqinisekileyo nolusisigxina lweMigren lungekafumaneki, zininzi iindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa amaxesha kunye nobunzima bee-attack kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Indlela yonyango ilungiselelwa ngumguli ngokuxhomekeke kubuninzi bee-attack, ubunzima bazo kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezihamba nazo.

Unyango Lweziyobisi

Amayeza asetyenziswa kunyango lweMigren ahlulwa ngamaqela amabini aphambili:

Unyango lwe-attack engxamisekileyo: Lusetyenziswa ukunciphisa intloko ebuhlungu eqalayo kunye neempawu ezihamba nayo. Iipilisi zokunciphisa intlungu ezilula, ii-nonsteroidal antiinflamatuvar, i-triptan kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhethekileyo zingaqalwa ngokucetyiswa ngugqirha.

Unyango lokuthintela (prophylactic): Lusetyenziswa kubantu abaneMigren kabini ngenyanga okanye ngaphezulu, i-attack ezihlala ixesha elide okanye ezichaphazela kakhulu ubomi bemihla ngemihla. I-beta blocker, antidepressant, antiepileptic, calcium channel blocker kunye ne-botulinum toxin type A zezinye zeziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kweli qela. Unyango kufuneka luqhutywe rhoqo kwaye lulawulwe kakuhle.

Kuzo zombini eziqela, kufuneka amayeza asetyenziswe phantsi kolawulo logqirha kwaye kwidosi echaziweyo. Ukongeza, ukuba ukugabha okanye ukugabha kubonakala kakhulu, ugqirha wakho angacebisa amayeza okuchasa ukugabha.

Ulawulo Olungengomayeza kunye Notshintsho Kwindlela Yokuphila

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kubantu abaneMigren kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ii-attack:

• Ukwenza isiqhelo sokulala rhoqo nesikumgangatho ophezulu

• Ukutya okulinganiselweyo nokusempilweni

• Ulawulo loxinzelelo, iindlela zokuphumla kunye nokuphefumla

• Umsebenzi womzimba rhoqo kunye nokuzilolonga

• Ukuchonga izinto ezivusayo kunye nokuziphepha kangangoko kunokwenzeka

Kukwakho nezifundo ezibonisa ukuba izongezelelo ezifana nemagnesium, i-vitamin B2, kunye ne-coenzyme Q10 zinokuba luncedo kulawulo lweMigren. Kodwa ezi mveliso azisebenzi kubo bonke abantu kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ngengcebiso yogqirha. Xa ukhetha iimveliso zezityalo okanye izongezelelo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye kugcinwe impilo yesibindi kunye namanye amalungu engqwalaselo.

Yintoni Ekufuneka Iqwalaselwe Ukuthintela Iintlungu ZeMigren?

Ukunciphisa ii-attack, unokulandela ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:

• Phepha ukulamba ixesha elide kwaye uzame ukungaphosi isidlo sakho.

• Gcina isiqhelo sakho sokulala, uphephe ukulala kakhulu okanye kancinci.

• Thatha ixesha lokuphumla, yoga okanye iindlela zokuphefumla ukuze uphephe uxinzelelo.

• Utshintsho lomoya, umoya opholileyo, ivumba elibangela ukucaphuka okanye ukukhanya okugqithisileyo njengemeko-bume ezibangela ukusabela, zama ukuziphepha xa kunokwenzeka.

• Bhalisa ukutya okukholelwa ukuba kungabangela ingxaki, kwaye wenze uluhlu lwakho lwezinto ezibangela ukusabela.

• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nomsi, kwaye uzame ukuphepha umsi wetyotyoba.

Ukulawula iMigraine kunye nokuBaluleka koNcedo loNgcali

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukuba i-migraine ayiphathwanga okanye ayilawulwa kakuhle, inokubangela ukwehla okukhulu kumgangatho wobomi. Xa iimpawu zakho zixhaphake okanye ziqala ukwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube nzima, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kukubonana nengcali ye-neurology. Ngokuvavanywa ngengcali, unokuxhamla kunyango olwenziwe ngokukodwa kunye neengcebiso ezilungele imeko yakho.

Imibuzo eBuzwa Rhoqo

1. Ingaba i-migraine iyanyangeka?

Nangona i-migraine ingelolugulo olunokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, inani kunye nobunzima bokuqhawuka kungancitshiswa kakhulu. Inxalenye enkulu yabaguli inokufumana impumlo ngeengcebiso zengcali.

2. Ingaba i-migraine inxulumene nomhlaza wengqondo?

Hayi, iintlungu zentloko ezibangelwa yi-migraine zihlala zingadibani nomhlaza wengqondo. Kodwa ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwintlungu yentloko, intlungu entsha nebuhlungu, iimpawu ze-neurological okanye ezinye iingxaki, kufuneka uqhakamshelane nogqirha.

3. Ingaba i-migraine ene-aura iyingozi ngakumbi?

I-migraine ene-aura ayisoloko iyingozi ngakumbi kune-migraine engena-aura. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha le-aura, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukulahlekelwa okwethutyana kukubona okanye ukuphazamiseka ekuthetheni. Ukulandela ugqirha kubalulekile.

4. Ingaba abantwana nabo banokufumana i-migraine?

Ewe, i-migraine ingaqala ebuntwaneni. Kodwa iimpawu zinokwahluka kwaye kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa i-migraine ebantwaneni. Ukuba kukho ukrokrela i-migraine ebantwaneni, kufuneka kuhlolwe yingcali.

5. Yintoni ebangela ukuqhawuka kwe-migraine?

Uxinzelelo, ukungalali kakuhle, ukusilela ukutya, ukutya kunye neziselo ezithile, utshintsho lwehomoni, ukukhanya okugqithisileyo, ivumba kunye nengxolo yendawo, utshintsho lwemozulu zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezibangela i-migraine.

6. Zeziphi izidlo ekufuneka ziphephwe xa unesifo se-migraine?

Iimveliso zenyama ezilungisiweyo, ushizi ogqithisiweyo, itshokolethi, iintlobo ezithile zotywala, ukutya okunamafutha okanye okutshisiweyo, ukutya okuqulethe i-nitrate okanye i-tyramine eninzi kungacebiswa ukuba kuphephe.

7. Ingaba i-migraine ibangela umonakalo osisigxina?

I-migraine ayibangeli umonakalo omkhulu wesitho kwixesha elide; kodwa ukuba ayinyangwanga, inokunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho wobomi.

8. Ngaba kufuneka ndisebenzise amayeza am rhoqo?

Kuya kufuneka usebenzise amayeza acebiswa ngugqirha wakho, kumlinganiselo kunye nexesha elimiselweyo. Phepha utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka amayeza.

9. Ngaba iimveliso zokongezwa zisebenza kwi-migraine?

Kukho ubungqina bokuba ezinye izongezo ezifana ne-magnesium, i-vitamin B2, kunye ne-coenzyme Q10 zinokuba luncedo, kodwa kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela emva kokubonisana nogqirha.

10. Kuya kufuneka ndibize ugqirha nini?

Ukuba intlungu yentloko itshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibuhlungu, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo, ukugabha, ukubona kabini, ubunzima ekuhambeni okanye ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela, kufuneka uye kwisibhedlele.

11. Ngaba umthambo uluncedo kwi-migraine?

Umthambo omncinci oqhelekileyo unokuba luncedo ekulawuleni i-migraine njengoko kunjalo nakwimpilo iyonke. Kodwa umthambo onzima unokubangela ukuqhawuka, ngoko yenza isicwangciso somthambo ngokubonisana nogqirha wakho.

Imithombo

• World Health Organization (WHO) — Headache disorders: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders

• International Headache Society (IHS) — The International Classification of Headache Disorders

• American Migraine Foundation — Migraine Overview

• American Academy of Neurology — Migraine Guidelines

• Silberstein SD, et al. "Migraine prevention." The Lancet, 2017.

• The Global Burden of Disease Study, The Lancet, 2017.