Ukudumba Kwegwebu Lesisu: Izinto Ezingafunekayo Ukwazi Malunga neGastrit
Iasidi Esiswini Nangendlela Yokuzikhusela
Isisu sivelisa ulwelo olunamandla olunetyhefu oludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Le asidi ikhutshelwa kwiigland ezininzi ezikwicala langaphakathi lesisu. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenzakala kwe-mucosa yesisu, eli cala langaphakathi ligqunywe ngumaleko omxinwa nomkhuselayo we-mucus oveliswa ziiseli ezizodwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, umqobo wokukhusela isisu unokwenzakala okanye kube nemveliso egqithisileyo yeasidi. Ngenxa yoko, i-mucosa yesisu inokuvela irhawuzeleke kwaye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-gastrit inokuvela.
Yintoni iGastrit?
IGastrit ithetha ukurhawuzeleka kwe-mucosa egquma ngaphakathi esiswini. Ivela ikakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kweasidi okanye ukwenzakala komaleko wokukhusela. Kule meko, iasidi yesisu ichukumisa ngokuthe ngqo izicubu zesisu kwaye ibangela ukwenzakala kweeseli. IGastrit inokuvela ngendlela ezimbini eziphambili: eqala ngesiquphe (akut) okanye ekhula kancinci kwaye ithathe ixesha elide (kronik).
IGastrit akut idla ngokubonakala ngeempawu ezifana nentlungu eshushu nesinzulu esiswini, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye nokungafuni kudla. IGastrit kronik idla ngokungabonisi mpawu okanye ibonakale ngokungonwabi okuncinane, ukungagayi kakuhle, ukuvuvukala kunye nokuziva ugcwele emva kokutya.
Izizathu zeGastrit
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ibangela i-gastrit ziintsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Helicobacter pylori ezihlala esiswini. Kodwa zininzi nezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukurhawuzeleka kwe-mucosa yesisu:
Ukusebenzisa ugwayi
Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwamayeza angama-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory afana ne-aspirin, ibuprofen
Iimeko ezinzima zempilo, utyando olukhulu, ukwenzakala okukhulu kunye nokutsha okukhulu
Uxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo nolwezentlalo
Olunye usulelo lwebhaktheriya, intsholongwane okanye umngundo
Ukunganyamezelani kokutya
Unyango lwe-radiotherapy
Ukuguga
Utyhefu wokutya
Iimeko apho inkqubo yokuzikhusela ijolise kwizicubu zesisu (i-gastrit ye-autoimmune okanye uhlobo A lwe-gastrit)
Zeziphi Iimpawu zeGastrit?
Iimpawu ze-gastrit zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu abanakuba neempawu, abanye banokufumana iingxaki ezicacileyo.
Iimpawu zeGastrit Akut
Intlungu eqala ngesiquphe, edla ngokuziva phakathi okanye phezulu esiswini (ikakhulu xa ucinezela)
Intlungu esasazeka emqolo
Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha
Ukulahlekelwa kukufuna ukutya
Ukugquma rhoqo
Ukuvuvukala kunye nokuziva ugcwele esiswini
Ukugabha kwegazi okanye ukugabha okumnyama okungathi ngumhlaba
Igazi okanye umbala omnyama kufuphi nomnyama kwindle (melena)
Ukutsha kunye nokunambitha okungathandekiyo esiswini
Iimpawu zeGastrit Kronik
Kwimeko ye-gastrit kronik, iimpawu zihlala zingabonakali. Iimpawu ezincinane ezinokubonakala ziquka ukuvuvukala emva kokutya, ukugquma ixesha elide kunye nokungagayi kakuhle okuncinane. Kodwa i-gastrit kronik xa ingaphathwanga ixesha elide, inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa izilonda zesisu okanye ze-duodenum kunye nomhlaza wesisu.
Iindidi zeGastrit: Ukuhlelwa NgokweNdawo kunye Nezizathu
IGastrit ithiywa amagama ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo echaphazelekayo esiswini:
IGastrit ye-Antrum: Luhlobo lwe-gastrit oluchaphazela inxalenye ephumayo yesisu (antrum), lolona hlobo lufumaneka rhoqo kwaye luhlobene kakhulu ne-H. pylori.
Pangastrit: Ichaphazela indawo enkulu ye-mucosa yesisu.
IGastrit ye-Korpus: Ivela kwicandelo lesisu elibizwa ngokuba yi-korpus.
IGastrit kronik yahlulwe ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili ngokwezimvo zayo:
1. IGastrit ye-Autoimmune (Uhlobo A): Ivela xa inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iphendula ngokungachanekanga kwizicubu zesisu. Idla ngokuhamba nokunqongophala kwevithamin B12.
2. IGastrit yeBacteria (Uhlobo B): Ixhaphakile ngenxa yosulelo lwebhaktheriya, ikakhulu i-H. pylori.
3. IGastrit yeKhemikhali (Uhlobo C): Ivela ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamayeza ixesha elide (ikakhulu i-NSAİİ), ukuselwa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo okanye ngamaxesha ambalwa ngenxa yokubuyela kwe-bile.
IGastrit Ihlolwa Njani?
Kwinyathelo lokuqala, imbali eneenkcukacha yesigulana iyathathwa. Ukongeza kwiingxaki zakhe, amayeza asetyenziswa, imikhwa yokutya, ukusetyenziswa kotywala-nogwayi kunye nembali yempilo ngokubanzi kuhlalutywa. Ugqirha uchonga iindawo ezibuhlungu ngovavanyo lwesisu.
Kufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokubonisa ezifana ne-ultrasound yesisu xa kuyimfuneko. Uvavanyo lwe-x-ray lusebenzisa kuphela xa kusoloko kukho imeko enzima efana nokugqobhoza isisu. Eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuqinisekisa i-gastrit kunye nokuhlola unobangela wayo yi-endoscopy ye-upper gastrointestinal system. Ngexesha le-endoscopy, xa kuyimfuneko, kunokuthathwa isampulu yesicubu sesisu (biopsy).
Ukongeza, kuvavanyo lwegazi kunokujongwa imiqondiso yokurhawuzeleka, usulelo kunye nempendulo ye-autoimmune. Xa kusoloko kukho i-gastrit ye-autoimmune, kujongwa ii-antibody ezizodwa. Kuvavanyo lwendle, kunokufumaneka ukuba kukho ukopha na.
Indlela Elandelwayo Kunyango lweGastrit
Kubantu abaninzi, i-gastrit inokuqhutywa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunye nokunyamekela ukutya. Kodwa xa kuyimfuneko, unyango lwamayeza luyasetyenziswa.
Amanyathelo okuqala acebisiweyo ngala:
Ukuphepha ikofu, utywala kunye nogwayi okutsha isisu
Ukuphepha ukutya okunespices kunye neasidi ephezulu
Ukunciphisa ukutya okanye ukukhetha ukutya okulula, okulula ukugaya xa kukho iingxaki ezicacileyo
Ukusebenzisa iindlela zolawulo loxinzelelo (umzekelo, imithambo yokuphumla, i-meditation)
Amayeza asetyenziswa rhoqo kunyango lwezonyango aquka:
Amayeza anciphisa iasidi yesisu, i-antacid, i-proton pump inhibitors (PPI) kunye ne-H2 receptor blockers
Izongezo zevithamin B12 kwi-gastrit ye-autoimmune
Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo kunyango kukulawula unobangela ophantsi (umzekelo, usulelo lwe-H. pylori, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ixesha elide, iindlela ze-autoimmune) phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokulandelwa kubalulekile ukuthintela iingxaki ezinzima ezinokuphuhliswa kwixesha elizayo.
Iingcebiso Zokutya Kwabantu AbaneGastrit
Ukutya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango lwe-gastrit nakwinciphiso yeempawu. Ingakumbi ukutya okuthandwa sisisu, okutyebileyo kwi-fiber kunye nokunciphisa ukurhawuzeleka kufuneka kukhethwe. Uphando lubonise ukuba ukutya okune-probiotic ezifana neyogurt eyenziwe ekhaya kunye ne-lahana turşusu kunokukhusela kwezinye iintlobo zebhaktheriya. Ukongeza, imifuno efana ne-brokoli, ingca, igalikhi, iminqathe kunye neeti zezityalo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-gastrit.
Ukutya kunye neziselo ezicebisiweyo:
Imifuno nemifuno emitsha (umzekelo, i-apile, iminqathe, i-brokoli)
Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-fiber njengeengqolowa ezigcweleyo, i-oats, iimbotyi
Inyama enefat encinci (inkukhu, i-turkey, intlanzi)
Ioli ye-coconut
Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-probiotic (tarhana, iyogurt, lahana turşusu)
Izinto ekufuneka ziphephwe:
Itshokolethi, ikofu, utywala
Itumato kunye nokutya okuneasidi ephezulu
Ukutya okucutshungulweyo, okune-fat ephezulu kunye neswekile
Ukutya okunespices eninzi kunye nokuthosiweyo
Ukutya okulungiselelwe kwangaphambili kunye nokugcinwe efrijini
Iiswiti ezenziwe ngabantu kunye nezongezo zokutya
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ubuntununtunu besisu bomntu wonke buyahluka. Kubalulekile ukubonana nengcali yezempilo phambi kokutshintsha ukutya okanye phambi konyango.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
1. Ngaba i-gastrit iyaphela ngokwayo?
Kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi unobangela ususwe (umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okanye ukuyeka utywala-nogwayi), i-gastrit inokuba lula. Kodwa iimpawu ezihlala ixesha elide okanye ezinzima kufuneka zihlolwe ngugqirha.
2. Ithuba lokuba i-gastrit ibangele umhlaza wesisu kwixesha elizayo lingakanani?
IGastrit kronik, ingakumbi xa iqhubeka iminyaka emininzi kwaye ingaphathwanga, inokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kubalulekile.
3. Yintoni i-Helicobacter pylori kwaye ichaphazela njani i-gastrit?
I-Helicobacter pylori luhlobo lwebhaktheriya enokuphila kumaleko we-mucosa esiswini. Inokubangela ukuvuvukala kulusu lwesisu kwaye ikhokelele kwi-gastritis. Kwinyango lwayo, idla ngokusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namayeza anciphisa i-asidi esiswini.
4. Umntu one-gastritis kufuneka aye nini kugqirha?
Xa kukho iintlungu esiswini, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukugabha igazi okanye ukugabha okumnyama, okanye igazi kwindle, kufuneka uye kugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu ezithambileyo ezihlala ixesha elide nazo zifuna uvavanyo lwezonyango.
5. Yeyiphi eyona ndlela isebenzayo kunyango lwe-gastritis?
Unyango luthathelwa ingqalelo isizathu esingaphantsi. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo kukutshintsha indlela yokuphila, ukunqanda izinto ezonakalisa isisu, kunye nokusebenzisa amayeza anconywa ngugqirha rhoqo.
6. Ingaphiliswa ngokupheleleyo i-gastritis?
Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye namanyathelo okuthintela, i-gastritis idla ngokuphila. Kodwa ukuba isizathu asisuswanga, inokuphinda ibuye. Kwiimeko ezihlala ixesha elide, kuluncedo ukuhlala ulandelwa ngugqirha.
7. Amayeza akhusela isisu angasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-gastritis?
Iiproton pump inhibitors kunye ne-antacids zingasetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo xa zinconywa ngugqirha. Ukuzisebenzisa wedwa okanye ixesha elide kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
8. Kufuneka kuthatyathwe ixesha elingakanani ukutya kwe-gastritis?
Ixesha lokutya lixhomekeke kumntu kunye nodidi lwe-gastritis. Ngokubanzi, kucetyiswa ukugcina imikhwa yokutya enempilo de iimpawu zinciphe, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ixesha elide.
9. Ngaba ukutya okuqulethe iiprobiotics kungaphilisa i-gastritis?
Iimveliso eziqulethe iiprobiotics, ngokwezinye izifundo, zinokuxhasa impilo yokugaya ukutya kwaye zincede kwi-gastritis, ngakumbi ekunyangeni usulelo lwe-H. pylori.
10. Zeziphi iziselo ekufuneka ziphephwe kwi-gastritis?
Ikofu, utywala, iziselo ezinegesi kunye neesosi zeziqhamo ezine-asidi ephezulu azicetyiswa kuba zinokucaphukisa isisu.
11. Ingaba i-gastritis iyingozi xa ukhulelwe?
Iimpawu ze-gastritis ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinokubangela ukungonwabi, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi azibangeli iingxaki ezinzulu. Kuzo zonke iimeko, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wezempilo yabasetyhini.
12. Ingaba uxinzelelo lwengqondo lungabangela i-gastritis?
Ewe, uxinzelelo olukhulu lunokunyusa imveliso ye-asidi esiswini kwaye luphucule iimpawu ze-gastritis. Ulawulo loxinzelelo lunokuba luncedo.
13. Ingaba i-gastritis iyosulela?
Usulelo lwe-Helicobacter pylori lunokudluliselwa kumntu nomntu, kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlobo ze-gastritis ezosulelayo. Amanyathelo okucoca kunye nococeko lomntu ngamnye abalulekile.
14. Ngaba abantwana banokufumana i-gastritis?
Ewe, i-gastritis ingenzeka nakubantwana. Inokubonakala ngeempawu ezifanayo kwaye ifuna uvavanyo logqirha.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (World Health Organization), Iinyani malunga ne-Helicobacter pylori kunye nomhlaza wesisu
Iziko leZilwanyana kunye noLawulo lweZifo (CDC), Ulwazi malunga ne-Helicobacter pylori
Umbutho waseMelika weGastroenterology (AGA), Imigaqo-nkqubo yoNyango lwe-Gastritis
Mayo Clinic, Uhlaziyo lwe-Gastritis
Umbutho waseYurophu we-Endoscopy yeGastrointestinal (ESGE), Imigaqo-nkqubo yoNyango lwe-Gastritis