Ukopha Kwingqondo: Izizathu, Iimpawu kunye Neendlela Zangoku
Ukophuka Kwegazi Engqondweni Kwenzeka Njani?
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni, sisimo sezempilo esinzulu nesinokubeka ubomi emngciphekweni, esenzeka ngenxa yokuba iindonga zemithambo yegazi engqondweni ziba buthathaka okanye zibe neziphene zokwakheka. Ingakumbi ubuthathaka kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi lunokubangela ukwanda (anevrizma). Iianevarizma zihlala zenzeka kwiindawo apho imithambo yegazi yahlulahlula khona, kwaye ezi ndawo ziba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokwenzakala xa kuthelekiswa nemithambo eqhelekileyo. Ezi zakhiwo zifana nebhola zinokukrazuka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, zikhokelele ekuphunyeni kwegazi engqondweni okanye kwiindawo ezikufutshane nayo.
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni kuhlalutshwa ngamaqela amabini aphambili ngokwendlela okwenzeka ngayo:
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni okubangelwa kukonzakala: Kwenzeka ngenxa yengozi, ukubethwa okanye ezinye iintlungu zomzimba.
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni okwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni: Kwenzeka ngokwazo ngenxa yezifo zemithambo yegazi, ianevrizma okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo.
Kwakhona, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zichazwa ngokweendawo ezithile zengqondo apho ukophuka kwegazi kwenzeka khona:
Ukophuka kwegazi kwiindawo ezizele lulwelo engqondweni (intraventrikular): Kwenzeka kwiindawo ezizele lulwelo engqondweni.
Ukophuka kwegazi ngaphakathi kwithishu yengqondo (intraserebral): Kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwithishu yengqondo.
Ukophuka kwegazi phakathi kwengqondo kunye neengubo ezincinane (subaraknoid): Kubonakala phakathi kwengqondo kunye neengubo ezincinane.
Ukophuka kwegazi phakathi kweengubo zengqondo (subdural): Kuvela kwindawo ethile phakathi kweengubo zengqondo.
Ukophuka kwegazi phakathi kwengubo yangaphandle yengqondo kunye nentloko (epidural): Kwenzeka phakathi kwengubo yangaphandle yengqondo kunye nentloko.
Kwiimeko zokophuka kwegazi engqondweni okubangelwa kukonzakala, kuhlala kuchaphazeleka iindawo ezininzi, ngelixa ukophuka kwegazi okwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni kuhlala kugxile kwindawo enye. Iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza nazo zinokubangela ubuthathaka kwimithambo yegazi engqondweni, ngaloo ndlela zonyusa umngcipheko wokophuka kwegazi; kodwa, kubaguli abalandelwa ngokusesikweni, lo mngcipheko uhlala usezantsi kakhulu.
Zeziphi Iimpawu Zokophuka Kwegazi Engqondweni?
Iimpawu zokophuka kwegazi engqondweni zingahluka ngokwendawo, ubunzima kunye nokusasazeka kokophuka kwegazi. Iimpawu eziqala ngesiquphe nezibuhlungu zihlala zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:
Ukubethwa okanye buthathaka kwicala elinye lobuso
Ukungaphatheki kakuhle ngesiquphe okanye imvakalelo yokurhawuzelela emzimbeni, ingakumbi emlenzeni okanye esandleni
Ubunzima ekuphakameni kwesandla okanye umlenze, okanye buthathaka kwimisebenzi
Iingxaki zokubona, ukuwa kwephaphu leso okanye ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kwamehlo
Ubunzima ekuthetheni nasekuqondeni
Ubunzima ekuginyeni
Ukugabha, ukugabha rhoqo okanye iingxaki zokunambitha
Intlungu enkulu entloko, isiyezi
Ukudideka kwengqondo, ukuphulukana nengqondo okanye ukulala ngesiquphe
Iingxaki zokulinganisela kunye nokuhamba ngokudibeneyo
Ukungabi nomdla okanye ukuswela ukusabela kwimeko-bume
Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala ngakumbi kwiimeko zokophuka kwegazi engqondweni okubangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Xa kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo nolubi kwiimpawu zengqondo, kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezempilo ngokungxamisekileyo.
Zeziphi Izizathu Zokophuka Kwegazi Engqondweni?
Izinto ezibangela ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni zahlukeneyo kakhulu. Ubudala, imvelaphi yezifo kunye nempilo yomntu zinegalelo kumngcipheko. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (hipertansiyon): Sesinye sezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zomngcipheko.
Anevrizma (ukwanda kodonga lwemithambo yegazi)
Iingxaki zokugqunywa kwegazi kunye namayeza asetyenziswa kwezi meko
Iingxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana neswekile, ukusilela kwemiphunga okanye izifo zegazi
Ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo
Ezinye izifo zesibindi kunye nobuthathaka bemithambo yegazi obuzalwa nalo
Umhlaza wengqondo, ingakumbi iintlobo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi
Ukonzakala kwentloko, ukuwa kunye neengozi
Izizathu zemfuza
Ezizathu zimbi zinokuthintelwa (njengokuyeka ukutshaya okanye ukusela utywala), ngelixa ezinye zinokuncitshiswa umngcipheko ngotshintsho kwindlela yokuphila okanye ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezempilo.
Indlela Yokufumanisa Nokunyanga Ukophuka Kwegazi Engqondweni
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni sisimo esingxamisekileyo esifuna ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo. Ingakumbi xa kukho iimpawu ezingalindelekanga, ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiqela lezempilo kubalulekile. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukophuka kwegazi kungabonakali ngoko nangoko; ngenxa yoko, abantu abasemngciphekweni kufuneka bagcinwe phantsi kokuqwalaselwa ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokubethwa entloko okanye xa kusoloko kukho ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni.
Isicwangciso sonyango siyahluka ngokohlobo kunye nendawo yokophuka kwegazi. Iinjongo eziphambili zezi:
Ukuchonga unobangela wokophuka kwegazi kunye nokulawula imvelaphi yalo
Ukunciphisa umonakalo kwithishu yengqondo
Ukuphelisa umngcipheko wobomi kunye nokuthintela iingxaki
Abaguli abafunyenwe beneengxaki zokophuka kwegazi engqondweni bahlala befakwa kwigumbi lokongiwa. Unyango luhlala lugxile ekumisini ukophuka kwegazi ngotyando, kodwa kwiimeko ezilula unyango oluxhasayo luyanele. Inkqubela yokuphilisa emva kotyando ixhomekeke kubunzima bokophuka kwegazi, indawo yalo kunye nohlobo lonyango olwenziweyo.
Ngexesha lonyango, imeko yokwazi komguli, ukuphefumla, ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nemisebenzi yomzimba ijongwa ngokusondeleyo. Kubaguli abaye benza utyando, akufuneki balale kwiiyure zokuqala emva kwe-anesthesia kwaye imeko yabo yokwazi ijongwa rhoqo. Unyango oluxhasayo lulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye amayeza afanelekileyo anokunikwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwengqondo.
Abantu abaphila emva kokophuka kwegazi engqondweni banokuxhamla kunyango lomzimba, unyango lokuthetha kunye nonyango lokuginya ngexesha lokubuyiselwa. Ukulandela rhoqo kunye neqela leengcali kunyusa amathuba okuphila kakuhle kakhulu.
Imibuzo Ebuza Ngokuphindaphindiweyo
Yintoni ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni?
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni sisifo esinzulu sempilo esenzeka xa imithambo yegazi engqondweni ikrazuka okanye yonzakala, kuthi ke igazi lingene kwithishu yengqondo okanye phakathi kweengubo zengqondo.
Yeyiphi eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni?
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (hipertansiyon) sesinye sezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokophuka kwegazi engqondweni kwihlabathi lonke.
Iimpawu zokophuka kwegazi engqondweni ziqala ngesiquphe?
Ewe, kwiimeko ezininzi iimpawu zenzeka ngokukhawuleza nangokungalindelekanga. Intlungu entloko ngesiquphe, ukungaphatheki kakuhle emzimbeni, iingxaki zokuthetha okanye utshintsho kwengqondo zihlala zenzeka ngokukhawuleza.
Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni emva kokubethwa entloko?
Ukuba ubethwe entloko okanye ufumene ingxaki enzima, kwaye uziva intlungu entloko, ugabha, utshintsho kwengqondo okanye buthathaka, kufuneka uye kwindawo yezempilo ngokukhawuleza. Ingakumbi iiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala zibalulekile kakhulu.
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni kungabangela umonakalo osisigxina?
Kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobunzima bokophuka kwegazi, umonakalo kwengqondo unokwenzeka, kodwa ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunyusa amathuba okuphila kakuhle kakhulu.
Ngobani abasemngciphekweni wokophuka kwegazi engqondweni?
Abantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, abaneengxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide, abathethayo okanye basesela utywala, abaneengxaki zokugqunywa kwegazi kunye nabantu abadala bakumngcipheko ophezulu.
Ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni kungathintelwa?
Umngcipheko unokuncitshiswa ngokulawula izinto ezibangela umngcipheko. Ukujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi rhoqo, ukutya ngokusempilweni, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunye notywala, unyango lwezifo ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwezempilo kunokunceda ukuthintela.
Umntu ophile ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni angaphila ngokupheleleyo?
Kuxhomekeke kumntu nomntu, ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kunyusa amathuba okuphila kakuhle. Iinkqubo zokubuyiselwa zikwanceda ukunciphisa ilahleko yemisebenzi yomzimba.
Unyango lokophuka kwegazi engqondweni luhlala luyotyando kuphela?
Hayi. Uhlobo, ubungakanani bokophuka kwegazi kunye nempilo yomguli zenza isicwangciso sonyango. Kwiimeko ezilula unyango lwezempilo luyanele; kodwa kwezinye iimeko utyando luyafuneka.
Ngaba intlungu entloko yonke lixesha luphawu lokophuka kwegazi engqondweni?
Hayi, intlungu entloko inezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ukuba intlungu entloko iqala ngesiquphe, ibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye ingaqhelekanga, ingakumbi xa ihamba nezinye iimpawu, kufuneka kuhlolwe ngugqirha.
Ngaba ukulala emva kokophuka kwegazi engqondweni kuyingozi?
Ewe, ukulala okanye ukudideka kwengqondo luphawu olubalulekileyo. Kule meko kufuneka uye kugqirha ngoko nangoko.
Ngaba ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni kungenzeka nakubantwana?
Ewe, nangona kunqabile, ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni kungenzeka nakubantwana ngenxa yokonzakala, iziphene zemithambo yegazi abazalwa nazo okanye ezinye izifo.
Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe njengoncedo lokuqala kumntu ophile ukophuka kwegazi engqondweni?
Beka umntu kwicala ngendlela ekhuselekileyo, uqinisekise ukuba umoya uyadlula, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka biza i-ambulensi. Ukuba kukho ukuphulukana nengqondo okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla, kufuneka kulindelwe uncedo lwezempilo olongezelelweyo.
Imithombo
Umbutho Wezempilo Wehlabathi (WHO) – Iphepha Leenyani Ngotyando Lwengqondo
Umbutho Wentliziyo WaseMelika (AHA) – Ulwazi Ngokophuka Kwegazi Engqondweni
IZiko leSizwe laseMelika loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC) – Izixhobo zeStroke
Iingcebiso zeNgcebiso yoMbutho waseYurophu weStroke
I-Lancet Neurology – Ukopha ngaphakathi kweNgqondo: Iindlela zangoku zokuFumanisa kunye noLawulo