Izinto Ekufuneka Uziqonde Ngomkhuhlane Wezatshaya (Pnömoni)
Ziziphi Iimpawu Zezatürre (Pnömoni)?
Pnömoni ngokuqhelekileyo ichaphazela izibindi zomoya, yintsholongwane enokuba yingozi kwaye xa inganyangwanga inokubeka ubomi emngciphekweni. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ziquka ubushushu obuphezulu obuqala ngesiquphe, ukungcangcazela kunye nokuziva ubanda, ukukhohlela, kunye nokuveliswa kwebhinqa elininzi nelinemibala (tyheli, luhlaza okanye ntsundu). Ukongeza, ezinye iintlobo zepnömoni ziqala ngokulahleka komdla wokutya, ukudinwa, iintlungu zemisipha kunye namalungu, emva koko kuvela ukukhohlela okomileyo, ukunyuka kobushushu, isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu kwaye ngamaxesha ambalwa kukhokelele kukugabha. Ingakumbi isantya sokuphefumla esikhawulezayo, ukugquma esifubeni, ukubila kunye nokudinwa ngokubanzi nako kunokubonakala.
Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokudideka nezifo zomoya ezifana nomkhuhlane. Kodwa ukuba izikhalazo ziba mbi okanye zingaphili kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ngakumbi kubantu abakwiqela lomngcipheko, kubalulekile ukubona ingcali yezempilo ukuze kukhutshelwe ngaphandle amathuba ezatürre.
Uhlolo Lwepnömoni Lwenziwa Njani?
Xa uye kugqirha, kuqhutywa uvavanyo lomzimba oluneenkcukacha kwaye ukuba kufunyanwa imiqondiso eqhelekileyo, uhlolo luqinisekiswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngemifanekiso yezibindi zomoya. Kwezinye iimeko, kuvavanywa igazi okanye kuthathwa isampuli yebhinqa. Uhlolo lwangethuba lubaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yonyango.
Infectious Na Izatürre (Pnömoni)?
Unobangela wepnömoni ubukhulu becala ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane okanye ngamaxesha ambalwa imingundo. Izifo zomoya ezilungiselela esi sifo (umzekelo umkhuhlane) zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zisasazeka lula ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ogulayo ezifana neglasi, icephe, okanye ithawula ngabanye nako kwandisa ukusasazeka.
Izatürre inganzima ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci, abadala, abantu abanesistim yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye abanesifo esingapheliyo, kwaye umngcipheko weengxaki uphezulu. Kwihlabathi lonke, pnömoni sesinye sezifo ezixhaphakileyo nezibangela ukufa okuninzi.
Ziziphi Izinto Ezandisa Umngcipheko Wokuphuhlisa Pnömoni?
Ezinye iimeko zinokwenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa pnömoni. Phakathi kwazo:
Ubudala Obunyukayo: Umngcipheko uyanda kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.
Iingxaki Zempilo Ezihlala Zikhona: Iasthma, iKOAH, i-bronchiectasis, izifo zezibindi zomoya okanye zentliziyo, izifo zesibindi okanye zesibindi, iswekile kunye nobuthathaka kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela (umzekelo i-AIDS, izifo zegazi, ukufakelwa kwezitho).
Ukusebenzisa Ugwayi Nesiselo Esinxilisayo: Kubuthathakisa ukhuseleko lwezibindi zomoya.
Ubunzima Ekuginyeni: Ingakumbi emva kokuhlaselwa sisifo, izifo zengqondo, okanye iziphazamiso ezichaphazela imisipha okanye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Ukugabha rhoqo okanye ukungena komxholo wesisu emoyeni (Aspiration)
Ukwenziwa kotyando olukhulu kutsha nje
Amaxesha apho ukusasazeka kwezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kusenzeka kakhulu
Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunye nokuzilawula xa kunokwenzeka kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa pnömoni.
Yintoni Enokwenziwa Ukuze Uzikhusele KwiPnömoni?
Iindlela zokuzikhusela kwizatyurre zingahlelwa kwiintloko ezimbalwa:
Unyango olusebenzayo lwezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kugqirha
Ukutya okulinganiselweyo nokwaneleyo, ukuphepha uxinzelelo
Ukulandela imigaqo yokucoca (ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukuphepha iindawo ezixineneyo)
Ukulwa nokuxhomekeka kugwayi, utywala kunye nezinto ezinxilisayo
Ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo kwiimeko ezibangela ubunzima ekuginyeni
Ukuphepha iindawo ezixineneyo, ukusebenzisa imaski ngexesha lokusasazeka komkhuhlane
Ukulandela imigaqo yokucoca ngokungqongqo kubantu abanesistim yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kunye nabaseqela lomngcipheko
Iintlobo ezithile zomkhuhlane kunye nepnömoni zinokuthintelwa ngechiza. Ingakumbi intsholongwane yomkhuhlane, ingabangela pnömoni yodwa okanye ibangele ukuba umzimba ube buthathaka, ngaloo ndlela kulungelelaniswe indawo yeepnömoni ezibangela ziibhaktheriya. Ngenxa yoko, kufanelekile ukufumana ichiza lomkhuhlane ngexesha elinconywayo minyaka le (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kukaSeptemba noNovemba), ngakumbi kubantu abanesistim yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye abasesichengeni.
Kufuneka Kufakwe Phi Ichiza LePnömokok?
Streptococcus pneumoniae sesinye sezona zibangela zatürre ezixhaphakileyo kwihlabathi. Ichiza lepnömokok liyanconywa ngokukodwa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abanesifo sentliziyo okanye izibindi zomoya, abaneswekile, abo basuswe isitho sedlala, abanezifo zegazi ezithile, abanesifo sesibindi esingapheliyo okanye abanesistim yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Kufuneka lifakwe nakubantu abanesistim yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kunye nabantu abadala abane-AIDS. Ichiza lifakwa emsipheni kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo lingaphindwa emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Ukugonywa akufuneki kwenziwe ngexesha lesifo somkhuhlane okanye xa kukho ubushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza, ichiza lomkhuhlane alifanelekanga kubantu abanengxaki yeqanda. Zombini ichiza lomkhuhlane kunye nelipnömokok zineziphumo ebezingapheliyo nezithambileyo; intlungu okanye ukubomvu kwindawo efakwe ichiza, ukudinwa okwexeshana kunye nobushushu obuthambileyo kunokubonakala.
Izatürre (Pnömoni) Iyanganywa Njani?
Uninzi lweemeko zepnömoni zinganyangwa ekhaya, kodwa iimeko ezinzima okanye amaqela asemngciphekweni afuna ukugcinwa esibhedlele. Unyango lucwangciswa ngugqirha ngokusekelwe kubangela bezatürre, impilo ngokubanzi yomntu ogulayo kunye nobunzima bempawu. Amayeza anconywayo ngokuqhelekileyo zi-antibiotic (kwi-pnömoni ezibangela ziibhaktheriya), amayeza okwehlisa ubushushu kunye nokusela ulwelo oluninzi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, apho kufuneka uncedo lokuphefumla okanye unyango olungqongqo, kufuneka kugcinwe esibhedlele.
Ukuqala unyango kwangoko kunyusa kakhulu amathuba empumelelo. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukulibaziseka kwenyango okanye iimeko ezinzima zandisa umngcipheko weengxaki kunye nokufa. Ngenxa yoko, abaguli kufuneka balandele iingcebiso zootitshala bezempilo ngexesha lokuphilisa.
Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo
1. Ingaba izatürre (pnömoni) iyasuleleka?
Iintlobo ezithile zezatürre ezibangela ziintsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya zinokusasazeka phakathi kwabantu. Ingakumbi izifo zomoya ezifana nomkhuhlane zisasazeka kakhulu, kodwa ayizizo zonke izinto ezibangela pnömoni ezisasazeka ngendlela efanayo.
2. Zatürre iyingozi ngakumbi kwiiyiphi iminyaka?
Ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci, abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abanesifo esingapheliyo kunye nabantu abanesistim yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, izatürre inokuba nzima kwaye ibe yingozi ngakumbi.
3. Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zezatürre?
Ekuqaleni, ubushushu, ukungcangcazela, ukuziva ubanda, ukukhohlela kunye nebhinqa zinokubonakala. Ukudinwa, ukungabi nomdla wokutya kunye nentloko ebuhlungu nako kunokubakho.
4. Pnömoni ihlolwa njani?
Uvavanyo olwenziwa ngugqirha, ifilimu yezibindi zomoya (röntgen) kunye nokuvavanywa kwegazi okanye ibhinqa xa kufanelekile kusetyenziswa ekufumaneni isifo.
5. Kwiimeko ezinjani kufuneka ndiye kugqirha?
Xa kukho ubushushu obuphezulu, ukukhohlela okukhulu, utshintsho kumbala webhinqa, ukuphelelwa ngumoya okanye uziva udiniwe kakhulu, kufuneka uye kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
6. Ingaba kunokwenzeka unyango lwezatürre ekhaya?
Kwiimeko ezithambileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuphila ngokusebenzisa amayeza anconywe ngugqirha kunye nonyango lokunyamekela. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu zinzima, useqela lomngcipheko okanye imeko iba mbi, kufuneka uye esibhedlele.
7. Iichiza zomkhuhlane kunye nepnömokok zinconywa kubani?
Okokuqala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, abanesifo esingapheliyo, abantu abanesistim yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka kunye nabo bonke abaseqela lomngcipheko. Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe vetshe kugqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko wakho.
8. Lunjani uhambo lokuphilisa emva kwepnömoni?
Uninzi lwabantu baphila ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kodwa ubudala, izifo ezingaphantsi okanye imeko enzima zinokwandisa ixesha lokuphilisa. Kuphononongwa ukuphumla okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa ngugqirha.
9. Ingaba izatürre ingaphinda?
Ewe, kwabanye abantu izatürre ingavela izihlandlo ezininzi. Ukubakho kwezinto ezandisa umngcipheko kunokwenza oku kube lula.
10. Zinzima kangakanani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeechiza?
Ngokuqhelekileyo zithambile kwaye zifutshane; intlungu kwindawo yokugonywa, ubushushu obuthambileyo, ukudinwa kunokubonakala. Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukuba kukho ukusabela okukhulu kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezempilo.
11. Ingaba ukusetyenziswa kogwayi kunye notywala kwandisa umngcipheko wepnömoni?
Ewe, ukusetyenziswa kogwayi kunye notywala ngokugqithisileyo kubuthathakisa ukhuseleko lwezibindi zomoya kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wepnömoni.
12. Ndinesifo sezatürre, ndingazikhusela njani?
Phumla, sela ulwelo oluninzi, sebenzisa amayeza anikezwe ngugqirha rhoqo; ukuphephe imisebenzi enzima kwaye uhlale kude nabanye abantu kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
13. Yeyiphi eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela izatürre?
Ukufumana ugonyo, ukulandela imigaqo-nkqubo yokucoca, ukugcina izinto ezibangela umngcipheko zilawulwa kunye nokungaphoswa ziingxilimbela zempilo rhoqo zezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuzikhusela kwi-pneumonia.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO), Uhlalutyo ngokubanzi lweSifo sePneumonia kunye neengxelo zehlabathi malunga ne-pneumonia
Iziko loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC), I-Pneumonia — Ukuthintela, Iimpawu, kunye noNyango
Umbutho waseYurophu wezeMpilo yoPhefumlo (ERS), I-Pneumonia: Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neZindululo
Umbutho waseMelika wezeMpilo yoPhefumlo (ATS), Imigaqo-nkqubo yePneumonia efunyenwe kuluntu
I-Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Umthwalo wehlabathi kunye nowengingqi wokungeniswa esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia