Izinto Ezingafunekiyo Ukwaziwa Malunga neZona (Ukutsha Kwasemini)

Yintoni iZona?

IZona, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-herpes zoster kwezonyango, sisifo sosulelo esibangelwa yintsholongwane yeVarisella Zoster (VZV), esidla ngokubonakala ngokuqaqanjelwa kunye nemihlaba yesikhumba enamanzi. Le ntsholongwane, emva kokuba umntu egqibe isifo somkhuhlane wesicholo ebuntwaneni, ingahlala ifihleke emzimbeni. Emva kweminyaka, xa inkqubo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni ibuthathaka, ingaphinda isebenze kwaye ibangele isifo seZona. Imihlaba idla ngokuchaphazela inxalenye enye yomzimba, rhoqo ibhinqa, umqolo, isisu, ubuso okanye impundu. IZona inokuba sesona sibangelwa ziintlungu ezinzulu, ukutsha kunye nokurhawuzelela esikhumbeni.

Ziziphi Iimpawu Zezona?

Ukuqala kweZona kudla ngokubonakala ngentlungu enzulu, eshushu nenxalenye enye yomzimba. Ezinye iimpawu zesifo zezi:

• Ukutsha, ukungcangcazela kunye nokurhawuzelela kwindawo yemihlaba

• Ukubethwa kwesikhumba kunye nokungabi namvakalelo

• Ukubomvu, imihlaba egcwele ulwelo esikhumbeni etshintsha ngokukhawuleza

• Intlungu yengingqi kunye novakalelo lokubetha

• Ukunganyamezeli ukukhanya

• Iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nentloko ebuhlungu

• Ukudinwa ngokubanzi kunye nokudinwa komzimba

Imihlaba ivela emva kweentsuku ezi-2–3 emva kwentlungu yokuqala kunye nokubethwa kwesikhumba. Le mihlaba inokuqhubeka malunga neentsuku ezili-10–15. Xa imihlaba sele inamakhubalo, ukusuleleka kuncipha.

IZona Ivelaphi?

IZona ibonakala kubantu abake bagula ngesicholo. Kungenxa yokuba intsholongwane yeVarisella Zoster, emva kokugula ngesicholo, ihlala ifihleke kwiingcambu zemithambo-luvo. Emva kweminyaka, xa inkqubo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni ibuthathaka, intsholongwane iphinda isebenze. Ingakumbi:

• Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu

• Kubantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka (umzekelo; abaphathwa ngumhlaza, abafumene unyango lokutshintshwa kwamalungu, abanesifo se-HIV/AIDS)

• Kubantu abajongene noxinzelelo lomzimba okanye lwengqondo

umngcipheko wokufumana isifo uphezulu. Wonke umntu unokufumana iZona ubuncinane kube kanye ebomini, kodwa kunqabile ukuba iphinde ibuye. Kubantu abanokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela, umngcipheko wokuphinda uphinde uphakame.

Iindlela Zonyango Ezilandelwayo kwiZona

Okwangoku akukho nyango luthile oluphelisa ngokupheleleyo iZona. Noko ke, unyango lwale mihla lunikezela ngeendlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa iziphumo zesifo kunye nokuthintela iingxaki. Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango kukunciphisa izikhalazo kunye nokuthintela iziphumo ezingafunekiyo.

Amayeza achasene neentsholongwane, xa eqalwe kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuqala emva kokubonakala kweempawu zokuqala zesifo, anciphisa isantya sokwanda kwentsholongwane kwaye anokunciphisa ixesha lokuphilisa. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukufikelela kugqirha wesikhumba ngokukhawuleza xa kuqatshelwa iimpawu zokuqala zeZona.

Kwezinye iimeko, amayeza okunciphisa intlungu, iikhrimu okanye iiloshethi zendawo, kunye nonyango oluthambisa ulusu emva kokuhlamba, zinokucetyiswa. Ukuze imivumbo engasuleli, kucetyiswa ukucoca ngesisombululo esichasene neentsholongwane kwaye ukhathalelo lwamathumba lwenziwe ngononophelo. Ukuba ubushushu bomzimba buphezulu, amayeza okwehlisa ubushushu anokongezwa kunyango.

Intlungu enzulu nehlala ixesha elide (iinyanga okanye ngamaxesha ambalwa iminyaka) ebangelwa yiZona ibizwa ngokuba yi-postherpetic neuralgia. Ingakumbi kubantu abadala kunye nabo banenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, amayeza okuchasa uxinzelelo lwengqondo, amanye amayeza ezinzwa kunye neebhanti ezikhethekileyo zokunciphisa intlungu zinokusetyenziswa.

Kubantu abafumana iZona ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kufuneka bacebise oogqirha babo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza achasene neentsholongwane. Ingakumbi abo bafumana unyango oluthintela inkqubo yokuzikhusela, unyango lwezona lunokufuna amayeza afakwa emithanjeni esibhedlele.

Zona Engenamihlaba: Iimpawu Zibonakala Njani?

IZona engenamihlaba, oko kukuthi "herpes zoster sine herpete", luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwesifo. Kule meko, ngaphandle kwemihlaba eqhelekileyo okanye amathumba esikhumbeni, intlungu enzulu, ukutsha okanye ukungcangcazela emgceni wemithambo-luvo kunokubonakala. Nangona kungekho monakalo ocacileyo kwindawo echaphazelekayo, intlungu eqhubekayo kunye nokubethwa kwesikhumba kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bomntu. Kule meko, uvavanyo lukagqirha lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ulawulo lwentlungu lunokwenziwa ngamayeza aqhelekileyo onyango lweZona.

Oko Kufuneka Kwazeke Ngokusuleleka KweZona

Isifo seZona asosuleli kubantu abake bagula ngesicholo okanye abaye bafumana isitofu sokugonya sesicholo. Kodwa, umntu ongazange agule ngesicholo okanye angagonywanga, xa ethe wachukumisa ulwelo olusemihlabenii yomntu oneZona, angosulelwa sisicholo. IZona isasazeka ngokuchukumisa umntu nomnye; ngenxa yoko, kucetyiswa ukuba abantu abanemihlaba esebenzayo bayigqume imihlaba yabo kwaye banciphise umngcipheko wokuchukumisa abanye. Ingakumbi, kubantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, abakhulelweyo kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kwenyanga enye, kufuneka kuthintelwe ukunxibelelana nabo.

Iindlela Zokuzikhusela KwiZona kunye Nolwazi Ngestofu Sokugonya

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo neqinisekisiweyo yokuzikhusela kwiZona kukugonywa. Iitofu zokugonya zeZona (herpes zoster) ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye zamkelwe yi-FDA, zinciphisa kakhulu ukuvela kunye nobunzima besifo. Kugunyaziswa isitofu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, kwaye ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-60 ngenxa yomngcipheko ophezulu. Isitofu seZona sihluke kwisitofu sesicholo (varisella) kwaye siqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-dose enye okanye ezimbini.

Emva kokugonywa, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezilula (intlungu kwindawo yokugonywa, ukubomvu, intloko ebuhlungu elula, ukudinwa). Ezi ziphumo zihlala zifutshane; kodwa ukuba kukho uphawu olungaqhelekanga, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nengcali yezempilo.

Izinto Ezingqwalaselwayo Kwisifo SeZona

• Gcina indawo yemihlaba yomile kwaye icocekile, kwaye uphephe ukurhawuzelela amathumba.

• Ukugquma imihlaba kunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulela abanye. Kodwa, kubalulekile ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswayo zingachukumisi ngqo ulusu.

• Iikhrimu ze-antibiotic akufuneki zisetyenziswe ngaphezulu kwamathumba, zinokulibazisa ukuphilisa.

• Sebenzisa itawuli ethambileyo xa ucocekisa kwaye ungabelani ngetawuli nabanye.

• Khetha iimpahla ezenziwe ngomqhaphu nezitofotofo.

• Ukufaka umkhenkce kufuneka kwenziwe kungachukumisi ngqo ulusu, kodwa kubekwe ilaphu phakathi.

• Phephe ukunxibelelana kufutshane nabantu abangekagonywa, abakhulelweyo, abantwana abasandul’ ukuzalwa okanye abanesifo esinzulu.

• Kubalulekile ukunyamekela ucoceko lwezandla kwiindawo zoluntu, kwaye ungabelani ngeempahla okanye izinto zobuqu.

• Kucetyiswa ukuphepha imidlalo yokuqhakamshelana de imihlaba iphile ngokupheleleyo.

IZona Ihlala Ixesha Elingakanani Kwaye Ingaphinda Ibuye?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo seZona siphilisa sodwa phakathi kweeveki ezi-2–4. Emva kokuqala unyango, izikhalazo zihlala zincipha kwiiveki ezi-2. Kodwa, ingakumbi kubantu abadala kunye nabo banenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, ixesha lokuphilisa linokwandakala kwaye i-postherpetic neuralgia ingavela. Emva kokuba umntu ephile kwiZona kube kanye, kunqabile ukuba iphinde ibuye, kodwa kubantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka inokuvakala kwakhona. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zihlala ixesha elide kunokuba kulindelekile okanye intlungu ayilawuleki, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nengcali yezempilo.

Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo

1. Ngaba isifo seZona siyosulela?

IZona inokusuleleka kumntu ongazange agule ngesicholo okanye angagonywanga ngokuchukumisa ngqo. Ulwelo olusemihlabenii yomntu ogulayo luqulethe intsholongwane esebenzayo; ngenxa yoko kufuneka uphephe ukuchukumisa imihlaba. Kodwa, iZona ngokwayo ayidluliselwa ngqo kumntu nomnye; isasazeka njengecholo ngokuchukumisa.

2. Ngaba iZona iphinda ibuye kuwo wonke umntu?

Uninzi lwabantu lufumana iZona kube kanye kuphela ebomini. Kodwa, kubantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka umngcipheko wokuphinda uphakame.

3. Ndiyazi njani ukuba ndineZona?

Ekuqaleni, intlungu enzulu yengingqi, ukutsha, ukungcangcazela kunye nemihlaba enecala elinye zezona mpawu zibalulekileyo. Xa unale mpawu, kubalulekile ukufikelela kugqirha wesikhumba ukuze kufumaneke uqinisekiso lonyango.

4. Unyango lweZona luthatha ixesha elingakanani?

Xa unyango luqalwe kwangoko, ukuphucuka kweempawu kuqhelekile kwiiveki ezi-2. Ixesha elipheleleyo lesifo litshintsha phakathi kweeveki ezi-2–4.

5. Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kwiZona?

Amayeza achasene neentsholongwane zezona ndlela iphambili yonyango. Ingakumbi ukuba aqalwe kwiintsuku ezi-3 zokuqala, asebenza ngakumbi. Amayeza okunciphisa intlungu, amayeza entlungu yezinzwa kunye nakwezinye iimeko amayeza okuchasa uxinzelelo lwengqondo anokusetyenziswa.

6. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuhlala nomntu oneZona ekhaya?

Ewe, kodwa kufuneka uphephe ukuchukumisa ngqo indawo yemihlaba kwaye abantu abakwiqela lomngcipheko (abakhulelweyo, abantwana, abantu abanenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka) bakhuselwe.

7. Ngaba isitofu sokugonya sithintela ngokupheleleyo iZona?

Akukho sitofu sinika ukhuseleko lwe-100%, kodwa uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba isitofu seZona sinciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana isifo kunye nobunzima baso.

8. Ngaba i-zona ishiya umkhondo?

Emva kokuphilisa kweempawu, kwabanye abantu kunokubakho utshintsho lombala wolusu okanye umkhondo omncinane. Ukungarawuli kunye nokunyamekela kakuhle amanxeba kunciphisa umngcipheko wokushiyeka komkhondo.

9. Kutheni iintlungu zezona zihlala ixesha elide?

Ukudumba kweziphelo zeemithambo-luvo (postherpetic neuralgia) kwabanye abantu kunokubangela intlungu eqhubekayo nekhubazayo. Kule meko, unyango olufanelekileyo lwentlungu lunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

10. Ngaba ichiza lezona linazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Emva kwechiza, idla ngokubonakala iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezithambileyo (ukubomvu, intlungu, ubushushu obuthambileyo). Ezi ziphumo zihlala zinyamalala ngokukhawuleza.

11. Ngaba i-zona iyingozi xa ukhulelwe?

Nangona i-zona ingaqhelekanga kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwamayeza luhlolwe ngugqirha. Kufuneka kufunyanwe uluvo logqirha phambi kokuba kuqalwe unyango.

12. I-zona engenampawu yokuphuma kwegwebu ichongwa njani?

Xa kungekho mpawu zesiqhelo, kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa. Ukuba uneentlungu ezinzulu, ezikhawulelwe kwindawo ethile, kuya kunceda ukubonana nengcali yezonyango zolusu okanye yezemithambo-luvo.

Imithombo

• Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO), "Herpes Zoster (Shingles) – Iinkcukacha ezisisiseko".

• Iziko loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC), "Shingles (Herpes Zoster)".

• Umbutho waseMelika weNgcali zoNyango loLusu, “Shingles: Uvavanyo, Unyango, kunye noThintelo”.

• IMayo Clinic, "Shingles: Iimpawu kunye neZizathu".

• Iziko laseYurophu leMithi (EMA), "Amachiza eHerpes Zoster".