Ukungxola Kwiindlebe (Tinnitus): Yintoni, Kutheni Kwenzeka Kwaye Kufuneka Kwenzeke Ntoni?

Yintoni Ukungqongqoza Kweendlebe?

Ukungqongqoza kweendlebe okanye igama layo lezonyango elithi tinnitus, luphawu oluqhelekileyo olubonakaliswa kukuba umntu uva isandi esingapheliyo okanye esiphindaphindayo endlebeni yakhe okanye entloko ngaphandle komthombo wesandi ongaphandle. Esi sandi siqhele ukuchazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokungqongqoza, ingxolo, ukuvuma, ukungqongqoza kwePulse, okanye ukuhonyoma. Ezi sandi azinakuvakala ngabanye abantu abakwi ndawo engaphandle, kwaye zinokubangela impembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wobomi bomntu.

I-Tinnitus, ihlala ifumaneka rhoqo kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 kwaye ngakumbi kubantu abadala; kodwa inokuchaphazela wonke umhlambi weminyaka kwaye ifumaneke nakubantwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, wonke umntu unokufumana ukungqongqoza okwethutyana, kodwa ukuba kuqhubeka rhoqo, kunokuba luphawu olufanele ukunakwa.

Ukungqongqoza Kweendlebe Kuvakala Njani?

I-Tinnitus, ihlala ivakala kwindlebe enye (ekunene okanye ekhohlo) okanye kuzo zombini iindlebe. Ngamanye amaxesha isandi sinokuziva ngaphakathi entloko. Umntu unokuchaza esi sandi njengokungqongqoza, isandi sesilinda, ingxolo yemishini okanye isandi esifana nokubetha kwegazi. Ubunzima kunye nohlobo lwesandi luyahluka kumntu nomntu; kwabanye luba lula kwaye luyadlula, kwabanye luhlala kwaye luyacaphukisa.

Ukungqongqoza okukhulu, kunokuchaphazela kakubi ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokusebenza emsebenzini, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kunokubangela uxinzelelo, ukuxhalaba kunye neengxaki zokulala. Ingakumbi ebusuku nasezindaweni ezizolileyo ukungqongqoza kunokomelela ngakumbi.

Zeziphi Izizathu Eziphambili Zokungqongqoza Kweendlebe?

I-Tinnitus ingavela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ukulahleka kokuva: Ihlala ifumaneka kubantu abadala okanye ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwa yingxolo enkulu.

• Ukuchithwa ixesha elide kwindawo enesandi esikhulu: Ingxolo yoshishino, iikonsathi, oomatshini bokusebenza, isandi semipu njl. zinokulimaza iiseli zendlebe yangaphakathi.

• Ubutyhefu beendlebe: Ukudumba kwindlebe ephakathi, ukuqokelelana kolwelo endlebeni okanye umonakalo kwityhubhu yendlebe kungabangela ukungqongqoza.

• Ubumdaka bendlebe (cerumen): Ukuqokelelana okugqithisileyo kobumdaka bendlebe kunokuthintela indlebe kwaye kubangele i-tinnitus yexeshana.

• Iingxaki zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi: Ingakumbi ukungqongqoza okuhambelana nokubetha kwegazi (‘pulsatile tinnitus’), kunokubonakala kwiingxaki ezifana nokuthintelwa kwemithambo, i-aneurysm okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

• Umonakalo entloko, entanyeni kunye neengxaki zomqala: Ingakumbi ezi zinxulumene nezifo ze-temporomandibular joint.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile (amayeza anobungozi kwiindlebe): I-aspirin enesikali esiphezulu, amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okuchama, kunye namayeza e-chemotherapy anokulimaza imithambo yokuva kwaye abangele ukungqongqoza.

• Iingxaki ze-metabolic kunye ne-neurological: Iswekile, izifo ze-thyroid, i-anemia, i-meniere syndrome, ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo kunye nezifo zengqondo nazo zingabandakanyeka.

• Uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba: Nangona kungabangeli ngokwalo, kunokunyusa ukungqongqoza okukhoyo kwaye kwenze kube nzima ukunyamezela.

Ngamanye amaxesha, iingxaki ezinzima ezifana nomhlaza okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwemithambo yegazi zinokubangela i-tinnitus.

Ziziphi Iindidi ze-Tinnitus?

Ukungqongqoza kweendlebe kuhlulwa ngokwesiseko sesizathu esingaphantsi kunye nesandi esivakala ngumntu:

• I-Tinnitus ye-Subjektif: Luhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Luvakala kuphela ngumntu onesifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo luhlobene nengxaki kwinkqubo yokuva.

• I-Tinnitus ye-Objektif: Luvakala ngumntu kunye nogqirha ngoomatshini abathile. Luyinqaba kwaye luhlobene nezizathu zemithambo yegazi okanye ezimisipha (umzekelo, ukungaqhelekanga kwemithambo esondele endlebeni).

Ngokweempawu, ukungqongqoza kungaba kukuphindaphinda okanye okuqhubekayo, kungavakala kwindlebe enye okanye kuzo zombini, kwaye uhlobo kunye nefrekhensi yesandi kuyahluka kumntu nomntu.

Ziziphi Iimpawu Zokungqongqoza Kweendlebe?

Uphawu olucacileyo kukuba umntu uva isandi endlebeni okanye entloko ngaphandle komthombo ongaphandle. Kwakhona, ezi mpawu zinokubakho:

• Ukulahleka kokuva

• Ubunzima bokugxila

• Iingxaki zokulinganisela

• Kubanye abantu, ukuva kakhulu ingxolo engqongileyo (hyperacusis)

• Ukungalali kunye nokungaphumli

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukungqongqoza kunokudityaniswa nentloko ejikayo, imvakalelo yokugcwala endlebeni kunye nokuxhalaba.

Ithini Inkqubo Yokuqinisekisa Ukungqongqoza Kweendlebe?

Kwinyathelo lokuqala lokuqinisekisa i-tinnitus, kubalulekile ukufumana imbali eneenkcukacha kunye novavanyo lweendlebe, impumlo kunye nomqala. Ugqirha uya kubuza ixesha elide ukungqongqoza, uhlobo, ukuba kukho ukulahleka kokuva okanye ezinye iimpawu. Emva koko;

• Uvavanyo lwe-audiology (iimvavanyo zokuva)

• Kwiimeko ezifunekayo, uphononongo lwe-radiology (njenge-MRI, CT)

• Iimvavanyo zegazi kunye nokuba kuyimfuneko uvavanyo lokulinganisela.

Ngezi ndlela, kuzanywa ukufumanisa unobangela wokungqongqoza kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuthunyelwa kwicandelo elifanelekileyo.

Iindlela Zamva nje Zokulawula Ukungqongqoza Kweendlebe

Nangona kungasoloko kunokwenzeka ukususa ngokupheleleyo i-tinnitus, amaxesha amaninzi kunokwenzeka ukuthomalalisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Unyango lujolise kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Unyango Lwezizathu Ezisisiseko: Ukucoca ubumdaka bendlebe, unyango lwezifo zeendlebe, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye izifo ze-thyroid njl. kunokwenziwa.

• Ulungiso Lwamayeza: Amayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ajongwa phantsi kolawulo logqirha.

• Izixhobo Zokuva Kwabaneengxaki Zokuva: Kwiimeko zokulahleka kokuva ezihamba nokungqongqoza, izixhobo zokuva zinokuphucula kokubini ukuva kunye nokunciphisa ukungqongqoza.

• Izixhobo Zokufihla I-Tinnitus (Izixhobo ze-White Noise): Zinceda ukunciphisa ukungqongqoza; ingakumbi ebusuku nasezindaweni ezizolileyo zinokuthomalalisa.

• Unyango Lwesandi kunye Neendlela Zokuziphatha: Unyango lokuziphatha, iindlela zokuphumla, i-meditation kunye neendlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo zisebenza kakuhle ekulawuleni ukungonwabi okubangelwa kukungqongqoza.

• Ulungiso Lwendlela Yokuphila: Ukuzikhusela kwisandi esikhulu, ukulala kakuhle, ukuzilolonga rhoqo kunye nokutya okulinganiselweyo kunokunceda ekulawuleni ukungqongqoza.

• Unyango Oluxhasayo: Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, unyango lwamayeza okanye amanyathelo aphambili anokufuneka.

• Iindlela Zokuhlinzwa: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kukho ingxaki yemithambo yegazi okanye yezakhiwo, unyango lokuhlinzwa luyacetyiswa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-tinnitus ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lokuqala lwengxaki yezempilo enzulu. Ukuba ukungqongqoza kuqhubeka ixesha elide okanye kuya kusomelela, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha okhethekileyo.

Yintoni Enokwenziwa Ukuze Kuthintelwe Ukungqongqoza Kweendlebe?

• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela iindlebe kwiindawo ezinengxolo enkulu

• Ukuphepha ukumamela umculo onengxolo enkulu ixesha elide

• Ukugcina ucoceko lweendlebe, ukuphepha ukusebenzisa i-cotton bud

• Ukulandelela rhoqo izifo ezosulelayo

• Ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza angenasidingo okanye ngaphandle kolwazi

• Ulawulo loxinzelelo

Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo

1. Kutheni kusenzeka ukungqongqoza kweendlebe?

Ukungqongqoza kweendlebe kuhlala kubangelwa kukulahleka kokuva, ukuchithwa kwindawo enengxolo enkulu, usulelo lweendlebe, ukuqokelelana kobumdaka bendlebe, iingxaki zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile. Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela ocacileyo awufumaneki.

2. Ngaba ukungqongqoza kweendlebe kunyuka xa kukho uxinzelelo?

Ewe, uxinzelelo lunokunyusa ukuqaphela kunye nobunzima beempawu ze-tinnitus. Ulawulo loxinzelelo lubalulekile ekulawuleni ukungqongqoza.

3. Ngaba ukungqongqoza kwindlebe enye kuyingozi?

Ukungqongqoza okuqalayo kwindlebe enye okanye okuqhubekayo, nangona kungaqhelekanga, kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki ebalulekileyo efana nomhlaza wemithambo yokuva okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwemithambo yegazi. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha.

4. Ngaba ukungqongqoza kweendlebe kunganyamalala ngokupheleleyo?

Kwezinye iimeko unobangela wokungqongqoza unokunyangwa kwaye iimpawu zinganyamalala. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunganyamalali ngokupheleleyo, kunokulawulwa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo.

5. Athini amayeza anokubangela ukungqongqoza kweendlebe?

Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (umz. aminoglycosides), amayeza e-chemotherapy, i-aspirin enesikali esiphezulu kunye namanye amayeza okuchama anokubangela ukungqongqoza ngenxa yempembelelo yawo kwiindlebe.

6. Ngaba i-tinnitus ihlala ihamba kunye nokulahleka kokuva?

Hayi, i-tinnitus ayisoloko ihamba kunye nokulahleka kokuva. Kodwa ukuba kukho ukulahleka kokuva, umngcipheko wokungqongqoza uyanda.

7. Abantu abanokungqongqoza kweendlebe kufuneka babhekise kweliphi candelo?

Okokuqala, kucetyiswa uvavanyo lweengcali zezonyango lweendlebe, impumlo kunye nomqala (KBB). Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kungalungiswa ukuhanjiswa kwiingcali ze-odyoloji kunye nezinye iindawo zobungcali.

8. Yintoni enokucetyiswa ekhaya ukunciphisa ingxolo yendlebe?

Ukwenza ingxolo emhlophe ethambileyo (umzekelo, iradiyo, ifeni, ingxolo yamanzi) kwindawo ezolileyo, ulawulo lwengcinezelo, ukufumana ubuthongo obaneleyo kunye nokuphepha ingxolo ephezulu kunokunceda ukunciphisa izikhalazo.

9. Ngaba oomatshini bengxolo emhlophe bayasebenza?

Oomatshini bengxolo emhlophe okanye izixhobo ezivelisa izandi zendalo zinokunciphisa ukuqaphela ingxolo yendlebe kwaye zincede ekufumaneni ubuthongo obuzolileyo.

10. Ngaba inkxaso yengqondo okanye unyango luyimfuneko?

Ukuba ingxolo yendlebe ihamba nokungonwabi, uxinzelelo lwengqondo okanye uxinzelelo olukhulu, inkxaso yengqondo efana nonyango lokuziphatha kunokunceda.

11. Ngaba abantwana banokufumana ingxolo yendlebe?

Ingxolo yendlebe inokwenzeka nakubantwana, kodwa ayixhaphakanga njengakubantu abadala. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba ngenxa yokulahleka kweva, usulelo okanye into engaphandle engena endlebeni.

12. Kuya kufuneka ndiyokudibana nogqirha nini?

Ukuba ingxolo yendlebe iqale ngesiquphe, kwindlebe enye kwaye inamandla, okanye ihamba nokulahleka kweva, isiyezi okanye ezinye iimpawu zengqondo, kucetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

13. Ngaba ingxolo yendlebe inokuba luphawu lomhlaza?

Ngamathuba ambalwa, ezinye iitumor ezifunyanwa kumqondiso weva okanye kwisiseko sengqondo zinokubonakala ngengxolo yendlebe. Ukuba ingxolo yendlebe ihleli ixesha elide, kwicala elinye kwaye iya isiba mandundu, kufuneka uvavanyo.

14. Ngaba ingxolo yendlebe ingavela emva kokwenzakala entloko okanye entanyeni?

Ewe, emva kwengozi ingxolo yendlebe okanye entloko inokwenzeka; kule meko kufuneka uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha.

15. Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo namhlanje kwi-tinnitus?

Iindlela zamva nje ziquka unyango lwesifo esingaphantsi, izixhobo zokuva, unyango lwengxolo, unyango lokuziphatha, izixhobo zengxolo emhlophe kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Imithombo

• Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi – Ukungava kunye nokulahleka kweva

• Iziko lezeMpilo laseMelika – Tinnitus: Izizathu, Uvavanyo kunye noNyango

• iAcademy yaseMelika yezoNyango lweendlebe, impumlo, umqala, intloko kunye nentamo

• Mayo Clinic – Uhlaziyo lweTinnitus

• Umbutho waseBritane weTinnitus – Amaphepha enyaniso ngeTinnitus