Iswekile Legazi: Iimpembelelo Zalo Kwizinga Lamandla Omzimba Nempilo

Yintoni Iglucose Yegazi Kwaye Yenza Njani Umsebenzi Emzimbeni?

Iglucose luhlobo lweswekile olubaluleke kakhulu ekuboneleleni amandla emzimbeni wethu. Iglucose efunyanwa kukutya esikutyayo ithuthwa ngegazi iye kuzo zonke iiseli kwaye isetyenziswa kwimveliso yamandla. Iglucose yegazi (iglucose yegazi) ibonisa ubungakanani beglucose egazini. Xa eli nqanaba liphezulu kakhulu, amalungu amaninzi omzimba anokuchaphazeleka kakubi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iinkqubo zolawulo ezinzima ezigcina inqanaba leglucose yegazi. Ihomoni ye-insulin ekhutshelwa ziiseli ze-beta ezisepancreas, isebenza xa iglucose yegazi inyuka; yenza kube lula ukuba iglucose ingene kwiiseli kwaye ibuyisele inqanaba leglucose yegazi kumda oqhelekileyo.

Zeziphi Iinqanaba Eziqhelekileyo ZeGlucose Yegazi?

Kubantu abasesempilweni, iglucose yegazi ihlala iphakathi kwe-70-120 mg/dl. Kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba la manqanaba angatshintsha ngamaxesha athile ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kwisifo seswekile, ngenxa yokuncipha okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-insulin, iglucose yegazi iyenyuka. Ukuhlola inqanaba leglucose yegazi kube kanye kuphela kunokungachaneki. Ngenxa yoko, kuvavanywa ne-HbA1c ebonisa inqanaba leglucose yegazi eliphakathi kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo. Ukuba i-HbA1c iphakathi kwe-%6 ukuya ku-%6.5 kubizwa ngokuba yi-"prediabetes" (iswekile efihliweyo), ngaphezu kwe-%6.5 kubalulekile ekuchongeni isifo seswekile.

Yintoni Iglucose Yegazi Xa Ulambile Kwaye Xa Utyile, Kwaye Ilinganiswa Njani?

Ubungakanani beglucose egazini butshintsha ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umntu ulambile okanye utyile. Iglucose yegazi xa ulambile ichaza inqanaba elilinganiswa emva kokungatyi ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Iglucose yegazi xa utyile ichaza inqanaba leglucose elilinganiswa emva kweeyure ezi-2 emva kokutya. Zombini ezi mvavanyo zisinika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuba iglucose yegazi iphantsi (hypoglycemia) okanye iphezulu (hyperglycemia).

Uluhlu Lwamanqanaba Eglucose Yegazi Xa Ulambile

Kubantu abasesempilweni, iglucose yegazi xa ulambile ihlala iphakathi kwe-70-100 mg/dl. Amanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-60 mg/dl athathwa njenge-hypoglycemia (ukwehla kweswekile) kwaye kunokufuna unyango lwezonyango. Xa iglucose yegazi xa ulambile idlula i-125 mg/dl, kusolakala isifo seswekile.

Amanqanaba Eglucose Yegazi Xa Utyile

Iglucose yegazi xa utyile ihlala ilinganiswa emva kweeyure ezi-2 emva kokutya kwaye kufuneka ingaphantsi kwe-140 mg/dl. Amanqanaba aphakathi kwe-140-200 mg/dl abonisa prediabetes, ngaphezulu kwe-200 mg/dl kusolisa isifo seswekile.

Iglucose Yegazi Ilinganiswa Njani?

Iglucose yegazi ingalinganiswa lula ekhaya ngovavanyo lwegazi oluncinci. Ngeglukometre esetyenziswa ekhaya, igazi elithathwe emnweni lifakwa kwi-strip yokulinganisa kwaye isiphumo sifumaneka ngemizuzwana embalwa. Ezi zixhobo zibalulekile ngakumbi kubaguli abaneswekile kuba zivumela ukulandela rhoqo. Kubaguli abasebenzisa i-insulin, kuqhelekile ukulinganisa iglucose yegazi kane ngemini.

Esibhedlele, igazi lithathwa kuvavanyo kwaye lilinganiswa kwilabhoratri. Kwakhona, kuvavanywa "uvavanyo lokunyamezelana neglucose yomlomo" (OGTT) xa kufuneka. Kolu vavanyo, emva kokungatyi ebusuku, kuqala kulinganiswa iglucose yegazi xa ulambile, emva koko kuselwa ulwelo olune-glucose kwaye emva kweeyure ezi-2 kulinganiswa kwakhona. Kubantu abasesempilweni, iglucose yegazi ibuyela kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo ngoncedo lwe-insulin, kodwa kubaguli abaneswekile la manqanaba ahlala ephezulu.

Izinto Ezingqwalaselwe Ekulinganiseni Iglucose Yegazi Xa Ulambile Kwaye Xa Utyile

Ukulinganisa iglucose yegazi xa ulambile kufuna ukungatyi ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Ngenxa yoko, kuqhelekile ukulinganisa kusasa emva kokungatyi ebusuku. Iglucose yegazi xa utyile kufuneka ilinganiswe emva kweeyure ezi-2 ukusukela oko kuqale ukutya. Ixesha leeyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 lilungele ukulinganisa; amanqanaba alinganiswa emva kweeyure ezi-4 anokungachaneki.

Ziziphi Izizathu Eziphambili Zokunyuka Kweglucose Yegazi?

Ukuba phezulu kweglucose yegazi xa ulambile okanye xa utyile kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ukutya okungasebenziyo (ngakumbi ukutya okuninzi okune-carbohydrate kunye namafutha), ukungasebenzi, ukungabikho komsebenzi womzimba, uxinzelelo olungapheliyo kunye neminye imiba yezofuzo zezinye zezizathu. Esona sizathu siphambili sisifo seswekile. Ukungathathi amayeza okanye unyango lwe-insulin kubantu abaneswekile nako kungabangela ukunyuka kweglucose yegazi.

Iglucose Yegazi Ingagcinwa Njani Kwizinga Eliqhelekileyo?

Ukugcina ibhalansi ye-glucose yegazi kubalulekile ukutya okusempilweni, ukutya amaxesha amaninzi ngemithamo emincinci, kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo. Ingakumbi, kucetyiswa ukuhamba ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki. Kwiimeko ezifana ne-Type 1 diabetes apho i-pancreas ingavelisi insulin, amayeza kunye nonyango lwe-insulin luyimfuneko.

Amanqanaba Eglucose Yegazi KwiBantwana NokuKulandela

Kubantwana, amanqanaba aqhelekileyo eglucose yegazi ahluka kubantu abadala kwaye atshintsha ngokweminyaka. Kubantwana abasandul' ukuzalwa kunye neentsana, iglucose yegazi xa ulambile iphakathi kwe-90-170 mg/dl, xa utyile 120-200 mg/dl. Kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-8, iglucose yegazi xa ulambile 80-160 mg/dl, xa utyile 110-190 mg/dl; kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka esi-8, xa ulambile 80-130 mg/dl, xa utyile 110-170 mg/dl. Kubantwana abazalwa bengekho ne-insulin, unyango lwe-insulin lwangethuba kunye nokulinganisa rhoqo kubalulekile kakhulu.

Amanqanaba Eglucose Yegazi Kubantu Abadala

Kubantu abadala, iglucose yegazi xa ulambile iphakathi kwe-70-100 mg/dl, xa utyile iphakathi kwe-70-140 mg/dl. Amanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-60 mg/dl yi-hypoglycemia kwaye kunokufuna unyango lwezonyango. Kukho umahluko ophakathi kwe-20-30 mg/dl phakathi kwamaxabiso aqhelekileyo eglucose yegazi kubantwana nabantu abadala.

Amanqanaba Eglucose Yegazi Kwaye Ulawulo Kubantu Abaneswekile

Kubantu abaneswekile, nokuba ulambile okanye utyile, iglucose yegazi ihlala iphezulu kunesiqhelo. Kwi-Type 1 diabetes umzimba awuvelisi insulin kwaphela kwaye kuxhomekeke kwi-insulin injection. Kwi-Type 2 diabetes, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yiminyaka emininzi, ubunzima obugqithisileyo, imbali yosapho kunye noxinzelelo, kukho ukuncipha kokusebenza kwe-insulin. Kubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-2, ukutya okusempilweni, umsebenzi rhoqo kunye nonyango lwe-insulin/amayeza phantsi kolawulo lukagqirha kunokulawula iglucose yegazi. Kubaguli abatyebileyo, kwezinye iimeko, unyango lokuhlinzwa (umzekelo, utyando lobutyebi) lunokunceda kwinkqubo yonyango. Kubantu abanesifo seswekile, ukulinganisa rhoqo igazi kunye nokuba phantsi kolawulo lukagqirha kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokonakala kwamalungu omzimba.

Iglucose Yegazi Kwaye Izifo Ezingapheliyo

Iswekile kunye nezinye izifo ezingapheliyo zinokuchaphazela impilo iyonke yomzimba kunye neenkqubo zonyango lwezinye izifo. Ingakumbi iswekile, inokubangela iingxaki kunyango okanye kwindlela yokuhamba kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ngoko ke ulawulo oluqhelekileyo lwezifo ezingapheliyo lubalulekile kakhulu.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

1. Yintoni iglucose yegazi?

Iglucose yegazi, yinqanaba leglucose ejikeleza egazini lethu. Inika amandla emzimbeni kwaye kubalulekile ukuba eli nqanaba lihlale kumda oqhelekileyo ukuze kube nempilo.

2. Iglucose yegazi xa ulambile kufuneka ilinganiswe emva kweeyure ezingaphi zokungatyi?

Iglucose yegazi xa ulambile ihlala ilinganiswa emva kokungatyi iiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Kule mihla, kucetyiswa ukusela amanzi kuphela.

3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweglucose yegazi xa ulambile kunye nxa utyile?

Iglucose yegazi xa ulambile ilinganiswa emva kokungatyi ixesha elide, kanti iglucose yegazi xa utyile ilinganiswa malunga neeyure ezi-2 emva kokutya. Umahluko ubonisa indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo iglucose emva kokutya.

4. Ziziphi iimpawu zokunyuka kweglucose yegazi?

Ukuchama rhoqo, ukoma, ukudinwa kunye nokuphulukana nobunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu zinokunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka kweglucose yegazi. Ukuba kukho iimpawu, kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha.

5. Kutheni iglucose yegazi ephantsi (hypoglycemia) iyingozi?

Iglucose yegazi ephantsi kakhulu ithintela amandla okwaneleyo ukuya engqondweni; inokubangela ukwehla, i-seizure, okanye i-coma. Kule meko, unyango olukhawulezileyo luyimfuneko.

6. Ilinganiswa Njani Iglucose Yegazi Ekhaya?

Ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo se-glukometre, igazi elithathwe emnweni lilinganiswa. Isiphumo sifumaneka ngemizuzu embalwa.

7. Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezifunekayo ekuchongeni iswekile ngokupheleleyo?

Uvavanyo olunye lweglucose yegazi alwanelanga. Ukongeza kwi-glucose yegazi xa ulambile kunye nxa utyile, kuvavanywa ne-HbA1c kwaye xa kufuneka kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lokunyamezelana neglucose yomlomo (OGTT).

8. Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyithathele ingqalelo ukuze ndibe neglucose yegazi esempilweni?

Kubalulekile ukutya ngokulinganayo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukulawula uxinzelelo kunye nokungaphosi ukujonga ugqirha.

9. Yintoni inqanaba leglucose yegazi elifanelekileyo kubantwana?

Kubantwana, iglucose yegazi itshintsha ngokweminyaka. Ukuze ufumane uluhlu oluchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha wakho ngokweminyaka kunye nempilo yomntwana wakho.

10. Abaguliwe sesweba kufuneka balandele njani umkhondo wemihla ngemihla wesweba yegazi?

Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba umlinganiselo wenziwe amaxesha amane ngosuku, kodwa eli nani linokwahluka ngokweemeko zempilo zomntu. Ucwangciso lonyango kufuneka lumiselwe ngugqirha.

11. Zeziphi iimpazamo ezinokwenziwa xa kulinganiselwa isweba yegazi?

Ukusebenzisa ixesha elingalunganga, i-strip/ikhadi engalunganga okanye isixhobo esonakeleyo kunokubangela iziphumo ezingachanekanga. Xa kukho amathandabuzo, kufuneka uthethe nengcali yezempilo.

12. Ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sesweba kugcinwa njani phantsi kolawulo?

Uhlolo rhoqo lwezempilo, imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni kunye nokulandela isicwangciso sonyango esinikiweyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni iziphumo ezibi zesifo sesweba.

13. Ingaba isweba yegazi ephezulu ichaphazela ezinye izifo?

Ewe, isweba yegazi ephezulu engalawulwanga inokuchaphazela impilo yentliziyo, imithambo, izintso, amehlo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ngendlela embi.

14. Ndingenza ntoni ukuba isweba yam iphezulu nangona ndisebenzisa amayeza okanye i-insulin?

Kufuneka uqhakamshelane nogqirha wakho. Kungafuneka ulungise umthamo okanye utshintshe isicwangciso sonyango.

15. Ingaba ikhona indlela yokuthintela isifo sesweba yegazi?

Ukutya ngokulinganayo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba kunye nokuhlolwa ngugqirha rhoqo kubantu abasemngciphekweni kunokuthintela okanye kulibazise uphuhliso lwesifo sesweba.

Imithombo

• Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): Iinyani ngesifo sesweba

• Iziko laseMelika loLawulo noThintelo lweZifo (CDC): Iziseko zesifo sesweba

• Umbutho waseMelika weSifo sesweba (ADA): Imigangatho yoNyango lweSifo sesweba

• Umbutho weHlabathi weSifo sesweba (IDF): I-Atlas yesifo sesweba

• I-New England Journal of Medicine, Uphononongo lweSifo sesweba