I-Herniya Yentamo: Izizathu, Iimpawu, Uvavanyo kunye neNkqubo zonyango

Yintoni iHerniya Yentamo?

IHerniya yentamo yingxaki yezempilo enokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi, evela xa icandelo eliphakathi kweediski eziphakathi kweemvulophu (nucleus pulposus) lisuka endaweni yalo lixinzelele kwizakhiwo zemithambo-luvo ezikufuphi. Ihlala inxulunyaniswa nezinto ezifana nokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima, ukunyanzeliswa ngesiquphe, ukwenzakala okanye ukungasebenzi ixesha elide. Inokubonakala kubantu abadala abatsha nakwabakhulu, kodwa ixhaphakile kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40. Kuphuhliso lwayo, indlela yokuphila kunye nezinto ezijikeleze umntu kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezizukulwana nako kunokuba nefuthe.

IHerniya Yentamo Ivelaphi Njani?

Umqolo yenye yezakhiwo ezisisiseko ezigcina umzimba umi nkqo kwaye uhamba. Phakathi kweemvulophu ezisixhenxe kwindawo yentamo kukho amalungu athambileyo abizwa ngokuba ziidiski. Icandelo elingaphakathi leediski elithambileyo nelijelatin (nucleus pulposus) lijikelezwe ngumjikelo oqinileyo (anulus fibrosus). Xa olu lwakhiwo lonzakala, into engaphakathi inokuphuma ingene ngaphandle kwaye icinezele imithambo-luvo, ibangele izikhalazo ezahlukeneyo.

Zeziphi Izizathu zeHerniya Yentamo?

Imeko yeherniya yentamo idla ngokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Iintshukumo ngesiquphe, ukwenzakala okanye ukungqubana

• Ukungasebenzi ixesha elide kunye nemikhwa embi yokuma

• Ukuphakamisa imithwalo enzima okanye ukunyanzeliswa ngokugqithisileyo emzimbeni

• Ukulahlekelwa ngamanzi kwiidiski ngenxa yokuguga kunye nokulahlekelwa kukuguquguquka (ukonakala)

• Ukusebenzisa ugwayi

• Ukusebenza ixesha elide kwikhompyutha okanye kwiselfowuni

• Iziphumo ezingalunganga zoxinzelelo kwiimisipha zomqolo

• Imbali yesifo esifanayo kusapho, oko kukuthi, ukulungelelaniswa kwezizukulwana

Ngaphandle kwezi, kwezinye iindidi zomsebenzi (umzekelo; abo basebenza ixesha elide etafileni, abaxakekileyo ngemisebenzi yasekhaya, abaqhubi) iherniya yentamo ixhaphakile ngakumbi.

Iinguqu eziziswa kukuguga zingakhawulezisa ukonakala kwendalo yeediski kwaye zibe sisizathu sophuhliso lweherniya engapheliyo. Kwiimeko zeherniya yentamo ezivelayo emva kwengozi, izikhalazo ziqala ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo.

Zeziphi Iimpawu zeHerniya Yentamo?

IHerniya yentamo inokuvela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kubunzima beempawu kunye nenqanaba lomthambo-luvo ochaphazelekayo. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Iintlungu entanyeni, emagxeni, emqolo nasezingalweni

• Ukungcangcazela, ukungaphatheki kakuhle okanye ukuncipha kovakalelo ezingalweni okanye ezandleni

• Ubuthathaka kwiimisipha, ngakumbi ebhegini okanye ezithozameni

• Ukulahleka kwe-reflex okanye ukuphendula okuncitshisiweyo kwe-reflex

• Iintlungu zentloko, isijikelezi-ntloko kunye nezinye izikhalazo ngokubanzi

• Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukungalingani, ukuva ingxolo ezindlebeni okanye ukuncipha kweengalo

Kwabanye abantu, iintlungu zinokwanda xa bekhohlotha, bethimla okanye bexina. Inqanaba lomthambo-luvo ochaphazelekayo lichaza ukuba yeyiphi indawo yezandla nengalo eya kuthi ichaphazeleke kukulahleka kovakalelo okanye intshukumo.

Kwiimeko ezinganyangwanga nezihamba phambili, ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwemithambo-luvo, kunokuphuhliswa ukulahleka kovakalelo okukhulu okanye isifo semisipha, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha xa iimpawu ziqala.

Iimpawu Kwiingcambu Zemithambo-luvo Ezihambelana neHerniya Yentamo

Kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba apho iherniya icinezela khona, inokuvelisa izikhalazo ezahlukeneyo kwiingcambu zemithambo-luvo:

• C2: Iintlungu zentloko, ukungaphatheki kakuhle emehlweni nasezindlebeni

• C3, C4: Iintlungu ezithambileyo entanyeni, emagxeni nasemqolo kunye nokuxinana kweemisipha

• C5: Ukulahleka kovakalelo kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha engalweni ephezulu nasegxeni ukongeza kwiintlungu zentamo negxalaba

• C6: Ukulahleka kovakalelo kunye nobuthathaka kwicala lengalo, igxalaba nasesandleni, ukuncipha kwe-reflex yesihlahla

• C7: Ukuncipha kovakalelo kwiingalo eziphambili, esithozameni, ukuphazamiseka kwe-reflex ye-triceps

• C8-T1: Ukulahleka kovakalelo ezandleni nakwicala eliphakathi lengalo, ukuncipha kwentshukumo yezithozela

IHerniya Yentamo Iqinisekiswa Njani?

Kwiqinisekiso leherniya yentamo, kuqala kwenziwa uvavanyo lomzimba oluneenkcukacha kwaye ukuhamba kweempawu kuhlalutywa ngononophelo. Ingakumbi ukusasazeka kweentlungu, ixesha lokuqala, ubunzima kunye neempawu ze-neurology ezihamba nalo zibalulekile kugqirha. Iimvavanyo zelabhoratri zinqabile ukuba luncedo, kodwa uqinisekiso lwenziwa ikakhulu ngovavanyo lwe-radiology:

• IRontgeni (X-ray): Ibonisa ulwakhiwo lwemathambo emqolo kunye notshintsho olunokwenzeka lokonakala.

• I-CT Scan: Isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iinkcukacha zemathambo kunye nokugqunywa kweediski.

• I-MRI: Inika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha kakhulu malunga neethishu ezithambileyo, iherniya kwiidiski kunye nenqanaba lokuchaphazeleka kweengcambu zemithambo-luvo; yeyona ndlela ichaneke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni iherniya yentamo.

• I-Elektromiyografi (EMG) kunye novavanyo lokuhanjiswa kwemithambo-luvo: Inokubonisa iingxaki ekudluliseni umbane kwimithambo-luvo, ngakumbi ekuchongeni ingcambu ethile echaphazelekayo.

Ugqirha angacela nezinye iimvavanyo ukuze akwazi ukwahlula ukuba ngaba phantsi kweempawu kukho izifo ezinjenge-rheumatism, umhlaza okanye usulelo.

Iindlela Eziqhelekileyo Zonyango lweHerniya Yentamo

Injongo kunyango lweherniya yentamo kukunciphisa izikhalazo zomntu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwemithambo-luvo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Unyango lucwangciswa ngokukodwa kumntu ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima kunye nendlela yesifo. Iindlela ezikhethwayo zokuqala zihlala zingezizo ezofele:

• Imiyalelo nemibono malunga nendlela yokuphila: Kubalulekile ukwakha indawo yokusebenza efanelekileyo kunye nokuma ngokuchanekileyo, ukuphepha ukuphakamisa imithwalo enzima kunye neentshukumo ezinzima zentamo.

• Iinkqubo zonyango lomzimba kunye nemithambo yomzimba: Imithambo eqinisa iimisipha ezijikeleze intamo inceda ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokuhamba kwegazi. Kodwa le mithambo kufuneka yenziwe phantsi kolawulo lochwephesha.

• Ukufudumeza okanye ukupholisa indawo: Ingasetyenziswa ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokuxinana kweemisipha.

• Iyeza zokunciphisa iintlungu kunye neyeza zokuthomalalisa iimisipha: Zisetyenziswa kumthamo kunye nexesha elichaziweyo.

• Ujovo lwe-spinal: Kwiimeko zeentlungu ezinzima, ugqirha angasebenzisa ujovo lwe-cortisone kwiingcambu zemithambo-luvo okanye kwindawo ye-epidural; oku kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala kunye nempendulo yokudumba ejikeleze imithambo-luvo.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-collar yentamo: Inokubonelela ngokuphumla okwethutyana kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ixesha elide akucetyiswa.

Ukwenzakala ngokuhlinzwa kucingelwa kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima zoxinzelelo lwemithambo-luvo, ubuthathaka beemisipha okanye iimeko ezinzima ezingaphenduli kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Xa kuqhutywa utyando, idiski ecinezela imithambo-luvo isuswa. Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, kusetyenziswa iidiski zeprothesis okanye ezinye iinkqubo zokuhlinzwa zokwandisa indawo encinci.

Kwiimeko Ziphi Kufuneka Utyando lweHerniya Yentamo?

Unyango ngokuhlinzwa alufuneki kubo bonke abanesifo seherniya yentamo. Kodwa kwezi meko zilandelayo utyando lunokucetyiswa:

• Ubuthathaka beemisipha obanda rhoqo kunye nokulahleka kovakalelo okuqhubekayo

• Iintlungu ezinzima ezingaphenduli kwezinye iindlela zonyango kwaye ezinqanda kakhulu ubomi bemihla ngemihla

• Uxinzelelo olukhulu kwiingcambu zemithambo-luvo kunye/okanye umngcipheko wesifo semisipha

• Ukuphazamiseka kolawulo lweblada okanye lwesisu

Imeko yomntu ngamnye ihlaziywa ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye ukhetho lonyango olufanelekileyo luyamiselwa.

Zeziphi Iindlela Eziluncedo kwiHerniya Yentamo?

Kulonyango lweherniya yentamo kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Unyango lomzimba olwenziwa phantsi kolawulo lochwephesha kunye nemithambo yomzimba eyenzelwe umntu

• Iyeza zokuthomalalisa iimisipha, ezokunciphisa iintlungu kunye nee-anti-inflammatory xa kufuneka

• Ukufudumeza okanye ukupholisa indawo

• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-massage okanye iindlela ze-chiropractic xa ugqirha ekubona kufanelekile

• Ukukhetha umqamelo ofanelekileyo oxhasa indawo yentamo kunye nokwenza utshintsho olufanelekileyo kwindlela yokuphila

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka ingalibaleki kukuba, phambi kokuqala naluphi na unyango okanye inkqubo yemithambo yomzimba, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha. Iindlela ezingenalwazi zinokwenza iimpawu zibe mbi ngakumbi, ngoko ke kufuneka kufunyanwe uluvo lochwephesha.

Imibuzo Ebiwa Rhoqo

1. IHerniya yentamo ixhaphakile kubani?

IHerniya yentamo inokuvela kubantu abadala abatsha nakwabakhulu. Ingakumbi ixhaphakile kubantu abasebenza etafileni, abaphakamisa izinto ezinzima kunye nabo bahlala ixesha elide bengashukumi.

2. Zeziphi iimpawu ezinokuba luphawu lweherniya yentamo?

Iintlungu ezisasazeka entanyeni, emagxeni okanye ezingalweni, ukungcangcazela, ukungaphatheki kakuhle, ubuthathaka ezingalweni, ukuncipha kwe-reflex kunye, ngamaxesha ambalwa, isijikelezi-ntloko zinokuba luphawu lweherniya yentamo.

3. Yeyiphi indlela esebenzayo kakhulu ekufumaneni isifo?

Imaging ye-magnetic resonance (MRI) yindlela echanileyo kwaye enika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha kakhulu ekufumaneni isifo se-disc yomqala.

4. Ngaba imithambo yokuzilolonga ikhuselekile kubo bonke abaguli?

Ayiyo yonke inkqubo yokuzilolonga efanelekileyo kubo bonke abaguli. Abantu abane-disc yomqala kufuneka basebenze ngeenkqubo ezicetyiswa ngugqirha kwaye zilawulwa ngumphathi wefiziotherapi.

5. Ngaba umyinge uyanceda kwisifo se-disc yomqala?

Ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo, unokunceda ekunciphiseni i-spasm yemisipha kunye neentlungu. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, umyinge awucetyiswa; kufuneka ubuze kugqirha wakho ukufumanisa ukuba uyafaneleka na.

6. Ngaba isifo se-disc yomqala sinokuphilisa sodwa?

Kwiimeko ezilula nezangethuba, iimpawu zinokuncipha ngokuphumla kunye nokuzilolonga. Kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nezo zibonisa iingxaki ze-neurological, unyango lwezonyango lunokufuneka.

7. Ngaba utyando luyimfuneko?

Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo se-disc yomqala baphila ngaphandle kotyando. Utyando lucetyiswa kuphela kwiimeko ezithile ezinzima kwaye ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga.

8. Ngaba kusemngciphekweni ukusebenzisa isikhuseli somqala ixesha elide?

Ewe, ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kunokubangela buthathaka kwiimisipha. Isikhuseli somqala kufuneka sisetyenziswe ixesha elifutshane kuphela kwaye phantsi kolawulo logqirha.

9. Ngaba ukusetyenziswa kwekhompyutha kunye nomnxeba kunokubangela isifo se-disc yomqala?

Ukuma okungalunganga kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide ngendlela engalunganga kunokubangela uxinzelelo kwiimisipha zomqala nakwiidiski, ngaloo ndlela kunyusa umngcipheko wesifo se-disc yomqala.

10. Ngaba isifo se-disc yomqala sinokuphinda sibuye?

Ewe, ngakumbi ukuba izinto zomngcipheko azithathelwanga ingqalelo kwaye indlela yokuphila ayitshintshwanga, sinokuphinda sibuye.

11. Zeziphi iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa kunyango lwesifo se-disc yomqala?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kusetyenziswa iziyobisi zokunciphisa iintlungu, ezokuthomalalisa imisipha kunye neziyobisi ezichasene nokudumba. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kufuneka kube phantsi kolawulo logqirha.

12. Kwiimeko ezinjani kufuneka uye kugqirha?

Ukuba uneentlungu, ukungcangcazela okanye ubuthathaka, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho zanda, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nengcali yezempilo ngokukhawuleza.

Imithombo

• Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): “Imeko zeMusculoskeletal”

• i-Academy yaseMelika yeNeurology (AAN): Imigaqo yeCervical Radiculopathy

• Umbutho waseYurophu weSpine (EuroSpine): Iingcebiso ngeCervical Disc Herniation

• i-American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS): Iintlungu zomqala kunye nesifo seCervical Disc

• Mayo Clinic: “Herniated Disk”

• New England Journal of Medicine: “Cervical Radiculopathy”