Indlela Yokubala Iveki Yokukhulelwa Nomhla Wokuzalwa: Izinto Ekufuneka Uziqonde
Ukucwangcisa Inkqubo Yokukhulelwa: Inyathelo Lokuqala Umhla Wokugqibela Wokuya Exesheni
Ukulandelwa kwenkqubo yokukhulelwa ngendlela efanelekileyo nenempilo, kubalulekile kakhulu kwimpilo yomama okhulelweyo kunye nomntwana. Ukubalwa kweveki yokukhulelwa kunye nomhla wokuzalwa okungenzeka yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko kolu cwangciso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indawo yokuqala ekubalwa kuyo ngumhla wokuqala wokuya exesheni kokugqibela. Le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo ngoogqirha bezempilo yabasetyhini kunye nabafazi abakulindele, kwaye inendlela ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko zokukhulelwa kwendalo nakwiindlela zokuncedisa ukuzala.
Ukukhulelwa kuqwalaselwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengeeveki ezingama-40. Umgaqo oqhelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela kukuba, ngenxa yokungaziwa ngokuchanekileyo komzuzu wokukhulelwa, umhla wokuqala wokuya exesheni uthathwa njengesiqalo sokukhulelwa. Le meko ngamanye amaxesha ibangela ukudideka ekubalwa kweveki yokukhulelwa okanye umhla wokuzalwa komntwana.
Ixesha Lokukhulelwa Lithatha Ixesha Elingakanani? Umntwana Wakho Uza Kuzalwa Nini?
Ukusuka kwicala lezonyango, ukukhulelwa kuthatha iiveki ezingama-40 (malunga neentsuku ezingama-280) ngokomndilili. Nangona kunjalo, umhla wokuzalwa ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kumntu ngamnye. Imiba emininzi efana neminyaka kamama okhulelweyo, ubunzima, impilo ngokubanzi kunye nokukhulelwa kwangaphambili, inokuchaphazela ixesha lokuzalwa. Ngenxa yoko, umhla wokuzalwa okucingelwayo usetyenziswa njengereferensi; uninzi lwabasetyhini bazala kufuphi nalo mhla, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuzala kwenzeke iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi okanye emva kwawo.
Ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nexesha lokuzalwa luxilongwa ngugqirha wezempilo yabasetyhini olandela ukukhulelwa. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubalulekile ukukhusela impilo yomama nomntwana.
Kutheni Kusebenziswa Umhla Wokugqibela Wokuya Exesheni Ekubalwa Iveki Yokukhulelwa?
Kwiimeko zokukhulelwa kwendalo, umhla ochanekileyo wokukhutshwa kweqanda kunye nokudibana kwesidoda awunakubalwa ngokuchanekileyo. Izidoda zihlala emzimbeni womfazi imini ezi-3–4, kwaye iqanda lihlala liphila malunga neeyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokudibana nesidoda. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukunika umhla ochanekileyo wokuba ukukhulelwa kuqale nini. Umhla wokuqala wokuya exesheni wamkelwa njengesiqalo sokukhulelwa ngokwemigangatho yezonyango yamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mhla, eneneni, ubandakanya ixesha elingaphambi kokudibana kwesidoda neqanda kwaye ngumjikelo wokulungiselela umzimba ukukhulelwa.
Kwimijikelo ye-hormone, i-hypothalamus kunye ne-hypophysis zikhuthaza amaqanda; amaqanda avuthwa, elona lihlala liphila kakhulu likhutshwa ngexesha lokukhutshwa kweqanda lize lingene kwitubhu ye-fallopian. Ukuba ngeli xesha lidibana nesidoda, ukudibana kwenzeka kwaye ukukhulelwa kuqala. Yonke le nkqubo ithatha iiveki ezi-2–3; abafazi abaninzi baqala ukungathandabuzi ukukhulelwa kwi-veki yesi-4 okanye yesi-5.
Kubafazi abangayaziyo imihla yokugqibela yokuya exesheni, imilinganiselo ye-ultrasound yindlela ethembekileyo yokumisela iveki yokukhulelwa. Ingakumbi i-ultrasonografi eyenziwa kwi-trimester yokuqala, yindlela echanekileyo kakhulu ekubalwa kweminyaka yokukhulelwa.
Indlela Yokubala Ukukhulelwa? Iindlela Ezisebenzayo
Eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ukubala ixesha lokukhulelwa kunye nomhla wokuzalwa okungenzeka, kukongeza iintsuku ezingama-280 (iveki ezingama-40) ukusuka kumhla wokuqala wokuya exesheni. Le ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo ngoogqirha bezempilo yabasetyhini, yaziwa njengeMigaqo kaNaegele kwaye isetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.
Enye indlela elula; kukubuyela kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukusuka kumhla wokuqala wokuya exesheni uze wongeze iintsuku ezi-7. Umzekelo, ukuba umhla wokugqibela wokuya exesheni ngu-5 Febhuwari, ususa iinyanga ezi-3 uye ku-5 Novemba, wongeza iintsuku ezi-7, umhla wokuzalwa okucingelwayo uba ngu-12 Novemba.
Itheyibhile Yokubala Iiveki NeeNyanga Ngexesha Lokukhulelwa
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweveki nenyanga, ingakumbi kubafazi abakhulelweyo, yenye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo. Nantsi itheyibhile esetyenziswa kakhulu njengereferensi:
iveki 4–5: inyanga yoku-1
iveki 8–9: inyanga yesi-2
iveki 12–13: inyanga yesi-3
iveki 16–17: inyanga yesi-4
iveki 20–21: inyanga yesi-5
iveki 24–25: inyanga yesi-6
iveki 28–29: inyanga yesi-7
iveki 32–33: inyanga yesi-8
iveki 36: inyanga yesi-9
isiphelo seveki ye-40: iinyanga ezi-9 iintsuku ezi-10
Ukulandela Iveki Yokukhulelwa Ngezixhobo Eziku-Intanethi NgeZicelo
Ngenxa yetekhnoloji ephuhlayo namhlanje, kulula kakhulu ukubala iveki yokukhulelwa kunye nomhla wokuzalwa okucingelwayo. Unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ezisekwe kwiwebhu, izicelo zeselula okanye izibalo ezicetyiswa ngugqirha wakho. Ezi zixhobo zixhasa ukulandela inkqubo ngokusondeleyo. Kodwa, ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo nolusempilweni, kuhlala kungcono ukulandela iingcebiso zogqirha wakho wezempilo yabasetyhini.
Indlela Yokubala Ukukhulelwa KwiNyango YeTshubhu Yokuzala (IVF)?
Kwiimeko zokukhulelwa eziveliswe ngonyango yetshubhu yokuzala (IVF), ukubala kwahluke kancinci kunokukhulelwa kwendalo. Apha, indawo yokuqala ekubalwa kuyo ngumhla wokudluliselwa kwe-embryo. Ukuba kudluliselwe i-embryo yeentsuku ezi-5, kongezwa iintsuku ezi-5 kulo mhla, kwaye kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubala ukukhulelwa (ukongeza iiveki ezingama-40/intsuku ezingama-280) ukulinganisa umhla wokuzalwa okungenzeka.
Kwiimeko zokukhulelwa nge-IVF, kuba imihla iqinisekisiwe, ukulinganisa umhla wokuzalwa kuba kuchaneke ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze inkqubo ihambe ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango kunye nemilinganiselo ye-ultrasound kubalulekile.
Ukuzalwa Kwangethuba: Yintoni Ekufuneka Iqwalaselwe?
Nangona ixesha lokukhulelwa lithathwa njengeeveki ezingama-40, ukuzalwa okwenzeka ngaphambi kweveki ye-37 kubizwa ngokuba "kukuzalwa kwangethuba". Uninzi lwezizalo zangethuba (malunga ne-70% ngokophando olwahlukeneyo), lwenzeka phakathi kweveki ye-34–37 kwaye lubizwa ngokuba "kukuzalwa kwangethuba okuphakathi". Abafazi abakhulelweyo abajongene nomngcipheko wokuzalwa kwangethuba kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha, ukuze kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ezonyango ukukhusela impilo yabo kunye neyosana.
Yintoni Ebalulekileyo Ukulandela Ukukhulelwa Okusempilweni?
Ukukhulelwa ngakunye kuhlukile. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezempilo, ukutya okulinganiselweyo, inkxaso ye-vitamin kunye ne-mineral eyaneleyo kunye nokulandela iingcebiso zogqirha wakho, kudlala indima enkulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa nakwim准备 yokuzala. Ukucwangcisa kakuhle ixesha lokukhulelwa; kunika ixesha kumama okhulelweyo lokulungelelanisa uphuhliso lomntwana, iimvavanyo eziza kwenziwa kunye nokulungiselela ukuzalwa, kwaye kwandisa ukuzithemba.
Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo
1. Ndinga njani ukwazi ukuba ndikwi-veki yesingaphi yokukhulelwa?
Iveki yokukhulelwa ibalwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kumhla wokuqala wokuya exesheni. Ukuba awuyazi lo mhla, ugqirha wakho angamisa iveki yakho yokukhulelwa nge-ultrasound.
2. Ngaba umhla wokuzalwa okubalweyo uchanekile?
Umhla wokuzalwa okucingelwayo yireferensi kwaye uninzi lwezizalo zenzeka kufuphi nalo mhla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzalwa kunokwenzeka iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi okanye emva kwawo.
3. Ndingawubala njani umhla wokuzalwa ngokwam?
Ungawufumana umhla wokuzalwa okucingelwayo ngokongeza iintsuku ezingama-280 ukusuka kumhla wokuqala wokuya exesheni okanye ngokubuyela kwiinyanga ezi-3 uze wongeze iintsuku ezi-7.
4. Kwenziwa njani ukubalwa kokukhulelwa kunyango yetshubhu yokuzala?
Kunyango lwe-IVF, umhla wokudluliselwa kwe-embryo uthathwa njengesiseko. Kuxhomekeke kwiintsuku ze-embryo (umzekelo, ukuba yi-embryo yeentsuku ezi-5, kongezwa iintsuku ezi-5) emva koko kusetyenziswa indlela eqhelekileyo yokubala ukukhulelwa.
5. Ukuba umjikelo wam wokuya exesheni awuqhelekanga, umhla wokuzalwa wam umiselwa njani?
Kubantu abanezihla ezinqabileyo zokuya exesheni, iindlela eziphambili zokubonwa kwezonyango ezifana ne-ultrasonografi zisetyenziswa ukumisela iveki yokukhulelwa kunye nomhla wokuzalwa.
6. Kutheni iveki yokukhulelwa ibalwa ngeveki hayi ngenyanga?
Ukulandela ngeveki kuvumela ukulandelela uphuhliso lomama nomntwana ngokuchanekileyo; yindlela esemgangathweni kwezonyango.
7. Yintoni ukuzalwa kwangethuba, kwaye kwenzeka kwiiveki eziphi?
Izizalo ezenzeka ngaphambi kweveki ye-37 yokukhulelwa zibizwa ngokuba kukuzalwa kwangethuba. Ingakumbi izizalo phakathi kweveki ye-34–37 zibizwa ngokuba kukuzalwa kwangethuba okuphakathi.
8. Kutheni ngamanye amaxesha kukho umahluko kwiiveki zokukhulelwa?
Umahluko omncinci unokubakho ngenxa yesantya sophuhliso lomntwana kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa kwi-ultrasound.
9. Ngaba izibalo zokukhulelwa eziku-intanethi zikhuselekile?
Zibonelela ngolwazi olusebenzayo kodwa uhlolo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngugqirha wakho wezempilo yabasetyhini.
10. Ngaba iimpawu zokukhulelwa ziyatshintsha ngokweveki?
Ewe, njengoko ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka, utshintsho olubonwa kumama okhulelweyo nakumntwana luyahluka ngeveki.
11. Ngaba inkxaso ye-vitamin kunye ne-mineral iyimfuneko ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ukongeza ekutyeni okulinganiselweyo, inkxaso ye-vitamin kunye ne-mineral inokuthathwa ngokweengcebiso zogqirha. Musa ukusebenzisa izongezelelo ngaphandle kokubonisana nengcali.
12. Iimvavanyo zenzeka kwi-veki yesingaphi yokukhulelwa?
Kukho ixesha elithile lokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo kunye novavanyo lokulandela umkhondo; ezi ziya kwaziswa kuwe ngugqirha wakho ngokweveki yokukhulelwa.
13. Xa kufutshane nomhla wokubeleka, ingaba uhlolo luba rhoqo ngakumbi?
Ewe, kwixesha elikufutshane nomhla wokubeleka, ukulandela umkhondo kunye nohlolo lwempilo luba rhoqo ngakumbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba impilo yomntwana kunye nonina ijongwa ngokusondeleyo.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): Ukukhulelwa noKubeleka
Umbutho waseMelika wamaBhinqa abaZalayo kunye neJinekoloji (ACOG): Iindlela zokuQikelela uMhla wokuZalwa
Iziko loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC): Ukuzalwa kwangethuba
IRoyal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG): Ukhathalelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka
I-Mayo Clinic: Ukukhulelwa ngeveki nangeveki