Isikhokelo Sezempilo

Intlungu Yesifuba: Izizathu Zayo, Iimpawu Zayo nokuXa Kufuneka Ujolise Kugqirha

Dr. Dilek GörenDr. Dilek Gören•Meyi 12, 2026
Intlungu Yesifuba: Izizathu Zayo, Iimpawu Zayo nokuXa Kufuneka Ujolise Kugqirha

Intlungu Yesifuba

Intlungu yesifuba inokuba luphawu lweengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo lwezonyango. Ingakumbi kuba inokuvela ngenxa yezifo ezinzulu ezinxulumene nentliziyo kunye nemiphunga, kubalulekile ukuthatha intlungu yesifuba ngokubaluleka. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yezigulane ezifika kwiinkonzo zoncedo olungxamisekileyo kwihlabathi liphela ibangelwa ziintlungu zesifuba.

Zeziphi Ezona Zizathu Ziphambili Zeentlungu Yesifuba?

Intlungu yesifuba inokuba nemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo. Ezona zinzulu ziquka izifo zentliziyo nemiphunga, kodwa kukho nezinye izizathu ezilula okanye ezexeshana ezinokubangela intlungu.

Izizathu Ezihambelana Nentliziyo

  • Uxinzelelo lwentliziyo (myocardial infarction): Lubangelwa kukuvulwa kwemithambo egqithisa igazi entliziyweni; rhoqo lubonakala ngovakalelo loxinzelelo, ukuxinana okanye intlungu enzulu kakhulu.

  • Angina: Intlungu evakala njengoxinzelelo okanye ukuzala, ibangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni, ingakumbi ngexesha lomsebenzi womzimba.

  • Ukudabuka kwe-aorta: Ukudabuka kwemithambo ye-aorta kubangela intlungu yesifuba engalindelekanga nezinzulu.

  • Pericarditis kunye ne-myocarditis: Ukuvuvukala kwezakhelo zentliziyo okanye imisipha yentliziyo; rhoqo kubangela iintlungu eziba mandundu xa uphefumla okanye ulele phantsi.

Izizathu Ezivela Emiphungeni

  • Emboli yemiphunga: Ukuvaleka ngokukhawuleza kwemithambo yemiphunga ngenxa yegazi eliqinileyo, kubonakala ngokuphefumla nzima kunye nentlungu enzulu.

  • Ukuvuvukala kwepleura (pleurisy): Kubangela iintlungu ezibukhali ezonyuka xa uphefumla okanye ukhwehlela.

  • Pneumothorax: Ukuphuma komoya emiphungeni okubangela ukuhla kwemiphunga; kubangela intlungu engalindelekanga nezinzulu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

  • Pneumonia: Ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga; kubonakala ngomkhuhlane, ukhohlo kunye nentlungu yesifuba.

  • Bronchitis, asthma kunye ne-COPD: Intlungu yesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yokuncipha okanye ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya.

Izizathu Ezivela Kwinkqubo Yokugaya Ukutya

  • Reflux (gastroesophageal reflux): Ukuhamba kweasidi esiswini ukuya kwithumbu lokutya kubangela intlungu yesifuba evutha, ngamanye amaxesha ihamba nokuvakala kwamanzi amuncu emlonyeni.

  • Izifo zethumbu lokutya: Ubunzima bokugwinya okanye ukuxinana kwemisipha kungabangela intlungu yesifuba.

  • Izifo zesikhumba seg bile kunye nepancreas: Amatye esikhumba seg bile okanye ukuvuvukala kwepancreas ngamanye amaxesha kungabangela intlungu ephindela esifubeni.

Izizathu Ezivela Kwinkqubo Yemisipha Nezihlunu

  • Kostokondritis: Ukuvuvukala kwekhadriji edibanisa ithambo lesifuba kunye nemiphunga kuqhelekile kwiintlungu zesifuba.

  • Iintlungu zemisipha kunye ne-fibromyalgia: Zibonakala ikakhulu kwiintlungu zemisipha eziphindaphindayo okanye ezihlala ixesha elide.

  • Ukwenzakala kwemiphunga: Imiphunga eqhekekileyo okanye ephukileyo ingabangela intlungu eyonyuka xa uchukumisa okanye uhamba.

Izizathu Zengqondo Nezinye Izizathu

  • Uhlaselo lwengxaki (panic attack): Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukubila, isingqisho kunye nentlungu yesifuba eninzi kunokuhamba nokuxhalaba.

  • Zona: Ukuvuselelwa kwakhona kweentsholongwane zengcongconi kubangela amabala abuhlungu esifubeni nasemzimbeni.

  • Ezinye: Ukukhohlela okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla ixesha elide okanye izifo ezithile zokuphefumla nazo zingabangela intlungu yesifuba.

Iimpawu Ezinokubonakala Nentlungu Yesifuba

Ezi mpawu zilandelayo ezihamba nentlungu zinokufuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo:

  • Uvakalelo loxinzelelo, ukuzala okanye ukutsha esifubeni,

  • Intlungu enokusa emqolo, entanyeni, emhlathini okanye ezandleni,

  • Intlungu ehlala ixesha elide, engapheli xa uphumle, okanye eyonyuka xa usenza umsebenzi,

  • Ubunzima bokuphefumla,

  • Ukubila okubandayo,

  • Isingqisho okanye uvakalelo lokuphaphazela,

  • Ukugabha okanye ukugabha,

  • Ukudinwa ngokubanzi kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ezi meko zilandelayo zinokubonisa izizathu ezingezizo ezentliziyo:

  • Intlungu evela kuphela emva kokutya,

  • Ukufika kwamanzi amuncu okanye amuncu emlonyeni,

  • Ukuba nobunzima bokugwinya,

  • Intlungu etshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yomzimba okanye ukuphefumla nzulu,

  • Amabala esikhumbeni, umkhuhlane okanye ukungcangcazela,

  • Ukukhohlela okukhulu.

Kwenziwa Njani Uvavanyo Kwintlungu Yesifuba?

Oogqirha baqala ngembali eneenkcukacha yesigulana kunye novavanyo lomzimba ukufumanisa imvelaphi yentlungu yesifuba. Imibuzo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:

  • Intlungu iqale nini kwaye njani?

  • Intlungu ihlala ixesha elide okanye iyaphuma-iyangena?

  • Ngaba kukho izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukutya, okanye uxinzelelo ezichaphazela intlungu?

  • Ngaba intlungu isasazeka kwenye indawo?

  • Ngaba wakha wafumana imeko efanayo ngaphambili?

Uvavanyo oluphambili olusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezifunekayo zezi:

  • Electrocardiogram (EKG): Kuvavanywa isingqisho sentliziyo kunye nokonakala kwemisipha yentliziyo okunokwenzeka.

  • Iimvavanyo zegazi: Kuhlolwa imiqondiso yokonakala kwemisipha yentliziyo (njenge-troponin).

  • Umfanekiso wemiphunga: Kuhlolwa imeko ngokubanzi yentliziyo nemiphunga.

  • I-CT scan: Kuphando lweemeko ezinzulu ezifana ne-emboli yemiphunga okanye ukudabuka kwe-aorta.

Ulwazi Malunga “Nokubanda” Kwangaphandle Kwentlungu Yesifuba kunye Nokubanda Esiswini (Umkhuhlane Wesisu)

Ukubanda kunye nokubanda esiswini kunokubangela iimpawu ezinokudideka nentlungu yesifuba. Zombini zihlala zibangelwa ziintsholongwane.

Iimpawu Zokubanda (Nazopharyngitis)

  • Ukuxinana okanye ukuvuza komphunga,

  • Intlungu yomqala,

  • Ukukhohlela,

  • Iintlungu zomzimba ngokubanzi kunye nentlungu yentloko,

  • Umkhuhlane omncinci,

  • Ukuthimla kunye nokudinwa.

Iimpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu kwaye zihlala ziba lula. Ukuba kukho umkhuhlane onzulu okanye ohlala ixesha elide, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukudinwa okukhulu, kufuneka uvavanyo lwezonyango.

Iimpawu Zokubanda Esiswini (Viral Gastroenteritis)

  • Ukunyibilika kwesisu,

  • Intlungu yesisu kunye nokuxinana,

  • Ukugabha kunye nokugabha,

  • Iintlungu zemisipha kunye nentlungu yentloko,

  • Umkhuhlane omncinci.

Uninzi lwezihlandlo luyadlula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa; kodwa ukuba kukho umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukulahleka kolwelo okukhulu, igazi kwindle, okanye ukugabha okuqhubekayo, kufuneka utyelelo kugqirha.

Izizathu Zokubanda Neendlela Zokuzikhusela

Ukubanda kuqhelekile kubangelwa ziintsholongwane ze-rhinovirus, kwaye ukubanda esiswini kubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-norovirus kunye ne-rotavirus. Izifo zinokusasazeka ngokukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukunxibelelana kufutshane okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezineentsholongwane.

Ukuze uzikhusele:

  • Hlamba izandla rhoqo ngesepha,

  • Qinisekisa ukuba ukude nabantu abagulayo,

  • Hlamba ukutya kakuhle kwaye ulandele imigaqo yokucoca,

  • Gwema ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumntu wonke.

Unyango Neendlela Zokuxhasa

Kubanda kunye nokubanda esiswini zombini zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ngoko ke amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (antibiotics) awasebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa amanyathelo okunciphisa iimpawu:

Ukubanda:

  • Sela ulwelo oluninzi,

  • Khetha iziselo ezishushu ezifana nesuphu,

  • Phumla,

  • Yenza i-gargle ngamanzi anetyuwa ukunceda intlungu yomqala.

Ukubanda esiswini:

  • Yeka ukutya okwethutyana, sela ulwelo oluninzi,

  • Khetha ukutya okulula ukugaya,

  • Phumla ngokwaneleyo,

  • Ungasebenzisi amayeza okunyibilikisa isisu ebantwaneni ngaphandle kwengcebiso yogqirha.

Nini Kufuneka Uye Kwinkonzo Yonyango Olungxamisekileyo Kwintlungu Yesifuba?

Kufuneka uye kwinkonzo yonyango olungxamisekileyo ngaphandle kokulibazisa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

  • Intlungu yesifuba ingalindelekanga, inzulu kwaye ayipheli xa uphumle,

  • Intlungu ihamba nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukubila, ukugabha, okanye isingqisho,

  • Intlungu isasazeka emqolo, entanyeni okanye ezandleni,

  • Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga esaziwayo kwaye iimpawu zakho zonyukile.

Imibuzo Ebuza Ngokuphindaphindiweyo

1. Ngaba intlungu yesifuba ihlala luphawu loxinzelelo lwentliziyo?

Hayi, intlungu yesifuba inokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ingakumbi kwiintlungu ezingalindelekanga, ezinzulu okanye ezihlala ixesha elide, kufuneka kukhutshelwe ngaphandle uxinzelelo lwentliziyo.

2. Ngaba ukubanda kunokubangela intlungu yesifuba?

Ngamathuba ambalwa, ngenxa yokukhohlela kunye neentlungu zemisipha ezihamba nosulelo lwemigudu ephezulu yomoya, kunokubakho intlungu yesifuba ethambileyo.

3. Ngaba ukubanda esiswini kunokubangela intlungu yesifuba?

Kubantu abathile, ukuxinana okukhulu kwesisu okanye reflux kunokubangela ukungonwabi esifubeni.

4. Nini kufuneka ndiye kwinkonzo yonyango olungxamisekileyo?

Intlungu eqala ngengozi, engapheli xa uphumle okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukubila, intlungu esasazeka ezandleni, njl. ifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.

5. Yintoni ebangela intlungu yemisipha esifubeni?

Umthambo onzima, ukuma okungafanelekanga okanye ukwenzakala kwemisipha kudla ngokubangela iintlungu zesisu ezivela kwimithambo yemisipha; kodwa ukuba intlungu inzima, ayipheli okanye ikhona nezinye iimpawu, kufuneka uvavanyo lugqirha.

6. Ingaba iCovid-19 ingabangela iintlungu zesisu?

Ewe, ngakumbi kwizifo ezinzima zomoya okanye xa umphunga uchaphazelekile, kunokuziva iintlungu zesisu. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

7. Ingaba iintlungu zesisu zinokunxulumana nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya?

Ewe. Ingakumbi xa iasidi yesisu ingena emqaleni (reflux) kunye nezifo zomqala, zinokubangela iintlungu zesisu emva kokutya.

8. Ingaba iintlungu zesisu kubantwana zibalulekile?

Kubantwana, uninzi lweemeko azinzima, kodwa xa intlungu ingapheli okanye inzima kufuneka uye kugqirha.

9. Yintoni enokwenziwa ekhaya kwiintlungu zemisipha zesisu?

Ukuphumla, umthambo omncinci, ukufudumeza indawo kunye nokusebenzisa iintlungu ezilula xa kuyimfuneko kunokuba luncedo. Xa kukho ukungaqiniseki, kufuneka kufunyanwe ingcebiso kugqirha.

10. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ntoni ingqalelo de kuphile isisu esibandayo?

Ukusela amanzi ngokwaneleyo, ukutya ukutya okulula kunye nokuphumla kuyanceda. Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezinzima, funa uncedo kugqirha.

11. Xa iintlungu zesisu nezemva zenzeka kunye, zeziphi izifo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe?

Iingxaki zemithambo yentliziyo, iingxaki zemisipha namathambo, okanye iingxaki zomqolo okanye idiski zinokuba sisizathu sentlungu.

12. Iintlungu ezingaphantsi kwesifuba sasekunene zithetha ntoni?

Inokuba ivela kwisibindi, isikhumba segalelo, umphunga okanye imisipha namathambo; xa intlungu inzima okanye ithatha ixesha elide, kufuneka kuvavanyo.

13. Ingaba iintlungu kwincam yesifuba zibalulekile?

Kwezinye iimeko zinokunxulumana notshintsho lwehomoni okanye izizathu ezilula, kodwa xa intlungu ingapheli okanye inganyamalali kufuneka kugqirha.

14. Ingaba iintlungu zesisu zinokuba nezizathu zengqondo?

Ewe. Iingxaki zoxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye ne-paniki zinokubangela iintlungu zesisu; oku kudla ngokufunyanwa emva kokuba ezinye izizathu zomzimba zingakhange zifunyanwe.

15. Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuthintela iintlungu zesisu?

Ukukhusela impilo yentliziyo nomphunga, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunye nokulawula izifo ezosulelayo kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weentlungu zesisu.

Imithombo

  • Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO), Iintlungu zesisu: uvavanyo nolawulo

  • Umbutho weNtliziyo waseMelika (AHA), Iimpawu zesilumkiso zohlaselo lwentliziyo

  • Umbutho weMpunga waseMelika (ALA), Udidi kunye nezizathu zeentlungu zesisu

  • Iziko laseMelika loLawulo lwezifo (CDC), Imikhuhlane eqhelekileyo kunye nezifo ezibukhali zomoya

  • IMayo Clinic, Iintlungu zesisu: Uncedo lokuqala

  • Umbutho waseYurophu wezeNtliziyo (ESC), Izizathu zentliziyo zeentlungu zesisu

  • UpToDate, Uvavanyo lokuqala lomntu omdala oneentlungu zesisu kwigumbi likaxakeka

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