Ukukhohlela: Izizathu, Iindidi kunye neendlela Ezisebenzayo
Yintoni Ukukhohlela?
Ukukhohlela yindlela yendalo yokhuselo lwemithambo yokuphefumla. Ivela ngenxa yokuphendula kweziphelo zeemvakalelo ezibuthathaka ezisephikweni, esiphikweni, kwiibronkhas kunye nasemiphakathini kumavuselelo ahlukeneyo. Injongo ephambili kukucoca iindawo ezinjalo kwizinto eziyingozi, iintsholongwane okanye umkhuhlane ogqithisileyo, ukuze imithambo yokuphefumla ihlale ivulekile. Ukukhohlela okwethutyana kuhlala kubangelwa zizifo ezidlulayo. Kodwa ukuba ukhohlela akupheli kwaye kudlula iiveki ezintathu, kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esingapheliyo esifuna uhlolo lwezonyango.
Ziziphi Iindidi Zokukhohlela?
Uhlobo kunye nexesha lokukhohlela zibalulekile ekuchongeni unobangela kunye nokukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo. Iindidi zokukhohlela ezixhaphakileyo zezi:
Ukukhohlela Okumileyo
Ukukhohlela okumileyo kwenzeka ngaphandle komkhuhlane kwaye kuhlala kubangela ukungonwabi okanye ukuluma esiphikweni. Iintsholongwane, iimpendulo ze-allergi kunye nokuphuma kweasidi esiswini (reflux) zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo. Ukuba kuqhubeka, kungabangela ukucaphuka esiphikweni kunye neengxaki zokulala.
Ukukhohlela OkuneMkhuhlane
Kolu hlobo, imithambo yokuphefumla izama ukukhupha umkhuhlane ogqithisileyo. Kuqhelekile kwizifo, isinusitis, bronchitis okanye isifo sephepha. Umbala kunye nobukhulu bomkhuhlane kunokunika ingcamango ngesifo esikhoyo. Ukuba umkhuhlane unevumba elibi okanye awupheli ixesha elide, kucetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha.
Ukukhohlela Okungapheliyo
Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo, okudlula iiveki ezintathu, kunokuba luphawu lwezifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-asthma, reflux, bronchitis engapheliyo okanye iziphazamiso zemeko-bume. Kufuneka kuphandwe ngakumbi kwaye kugwetywe ngugqirha.
Ukukhohlela Okubangelwa Yi-Allergi
Luhlobo lokukhohlela olubangelwa kukubuthathaka komzimba kwiiallergen. Luhlala luhlobo olomileyo kwaye lunokuhamba neempawu ze-allergi ezifana nokuphuma kwerhasi okanye ukutshiza. Lwenzeka ngakumbi xa umntu echaphazeleka kwiiallergen okanye ngamaxesha athile onyaka.
Ziziphi Izizathu Zokukhohlela?
Nangona ukukhohlela inxalenye yokhuselo lomzimba, lunokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo ziquka iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezichaphazela imithambo yokuphefumla, iiallergi, ungcoliseko lomoya, umsi womsi, reflux, asthma kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-KOAH. Ixesha, uhlobo, ixesha kunye neempawu ezihamba nalo zibalulekile ekuchongeni unobangela.
Kutheni Kuvela Ukukhohlela OkuneMkhuhlane?
Ukukhohlela okunemkhuhlane kuhlala kuyimpawu yezifo ezisezantsi okanye eziphezulu zemithambo yokuphefumla. Umzimba wandisa umkhuhlane ukukhupha iintsholongwane kunye nomkhuhlane ogqithisileyo. Kuqhelekile kwis sinusitis, bronchitis kunye nezifo zephepha. Ukuba umkhuhlane awupheli okanye unevumba elibi, kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki enzulu kwaye kufuneka uye kugqirha.
Kutheni Kuvela Ukukhohlela Okumileyo?
Ukukhohlela okumileyo kuvela ngenxa yokoma esiphikweni, iiallergen okanye iintsholongwane. Isifo se-reflux naso sinokuba sesinye sezizathu. Ukukhohlela okumileyo okwanda ebusuku kunokubangelwa kukunyuka kweasidi esiswini. Ukuba oku kuqhubeka ixesha elide, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba asikho na esinye isifo esinzulu.
Kutheni Abantwana Bekhohlela?
Ukukhohlela kubantwana kuhlala kubangelwa zizifo eziphezulu zemithambo yokuphefumla. Inkqubo yokhuselo lomzimba engakakhuli kakuhle yenza abantwana babe buthathaka kwizifo. Ukuphuma kwerhasi, iiallergi kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezikwi-bume nazo zinokubangela ukukhohlela. Ukuba ukukhohlela akupheli, kuhamba nobushushu okanye kunzima ukuphefumla, kufuneka abantwana bahlolwe ngugqirha.
Kutheni Kuvela Ukukhohlela Okungapheliyo okanye Okubusuku?
Ukukhohlela okuqhubeka iiveki okanye okwanda ebusuku kunokuba ngenxa ye-asthma, reflux, izifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga okanye ukusetyenziswa komsi ixesha elide. Xa umntu elele, umkhuhlane unokubuthathaka esiphikweni okanye asidi esiswini inyuke, nto leyo eyandisa ukukhohlela ebusuku. Kubantu abane-asthma, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yokuphefumla ebusuku kunokwandisa iingxaki. Ukuba ukukhohlela kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kufuneka kuphandwe ngugqirha.
Iindlela Zokunciphisa Ukukhohlela
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungonwabi okubangelwa kukukhohlela, zingasetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezixhasayo nezithomalalisayo. Kodwa indlela efanelekileyo ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nonobangela wokukhohlela.
Ukusela Ulwelo Olwaneleyo
Ukusela ulwelo oluninzi luhlala lucetyiswa njengendlela yokunciphisa ukukhohlela. Ulwelo lwenza umkhuhlane ube manzi kwaye kube lula ukuwukhupha. Kwangaxeshanye, luthomalalisa ukoma esiphikweni kwaye lunceda ekuphuculeni isantya sokuphilisa kwizifo.
Ukufuma Kwendawo
Ukoma komoya kwiindawo ezivaliweyo kunokuchaphazela kakubi imithambo yokuphefumla kwaye kwandise ukukhohlela. Ingakumbi ebusika, ukufuma komoya kwigumbi kunceda abantwana nabantu abadala ekulweni nokukhohlela.
Ukulala Ngokwaneleyo Nokuphumla
Ngexesha lokulala umzimba uyazilungisa kwaye inkqubo yokhuselo lomzimba iyomelela. Ukuba umgangatho wokulala uphantsi okanye awonelanga, ukukhohlela kunye nokucaphuka esiphikweni kunokuqhubeka.
Ukuphepha Izinto Eziphazamisayo
Umsi womsi, ivumba elinamandla, iimveliso zokucoca kunye nongcoliseko lomoya zinokwandisa ubuthathaka bemithambo yokuphefumla kunye nokukhohlela. Ukuhlala kwiindawo ezicocekileyo, ezinomoya omhle kuyanceda.
Ukuphumla Ngokwaneleyo
Ukunciphisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokunika ingqalelo ekuphumleni kuxhasa inkqubo yokuphilisa. Ingakumbi kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, umzimba kufuneka uphumle.
Ukukhetha Iiseti Ezifudumeleyo
Iiseti ezishushu kakhulu okanye ezibandayo zinokucaphukisa isiphika kwaye zandise ukukhohlela. Endaweni yoko, amayeza ezityalo ashushu okanye amanzi angcono.
Ukuzikhusela Kubanda
Ukugcina intloko kunye nentamo zishushu, ingakumbi kwimozulu ebandayo, kunceda ukuthintela ukucaphuka esiphikweni kunye nokunciphisa ukukhohlela.
Ukuhlala Uthe Tye
Ukuphakamisa inxalenye ephezulu yebhedi okanye ukuphumla kwindawo ethe tye ebusuku kunceda ukuthintela ukuqokelelana komkhuhlane esiphikweni kwaye kwenze kube lula ukuphefumla.
Ukuphepha Iiallergen kunye nothuli
Kubantu abane-allergi okanye ukukhohlela okumileyo, kubalulekile ukuphepha uthuli, ipoleni kunye nezinye iiallergen. Ukuhlamba nokuvulela umoya rhoqo endlwini kunceda ukulawula iimpawu.
Ukutya Ngokusempilweni
Kucetyiswa ukuphepha ukutya okunesinongo, okuneasidi okanye okungabangela ukukhohlela. Ukuba ukukhohlela kuhamba nokunzima ukuphefumla, ubushushu okanye ukudinwa, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
Yintoni Eyenziwayo KwiKukhohlela Okumileyo?
Ukuze unciphise ukukhohlela okumileyo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba isiphika sihlala sifumile. Iiseti ezishushu, ukusela ulwelo olwaneleyo kunye nokulawula ukufuma kwendawo kunokuba luncedo. Ukuba iingxaki zihlala ixesha elide, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
Ukusondela Kukhohlela Ngexesha Lokukhulelwa
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukukhohlela kuhlala kubangelwa ziinguqu kwiinkqubo zokhuselo lomzimba, iintsholongwane okanye iiallergi. Unyango kufuneka lube lukhuselekile kumama nasemntwaneni: ukusela ulwelo oluninzi, ukugcina ukufuma kwendawo, ukuphumla kakuhle kunye nokuphepha iindawo ezicaphukisayo kuyanceda. Ukuba ukukhohlela kuya mandundu, kuhamba nobushushu okanye kunzima ukuphefumla, kufuneka uhlolwe ngugqirha.
Yintoni Enceda KwiKukhohlela OkuneMkhuhlane?
Ukuze kube lula ukukhupha umkhuhlane, kufuneka kwandiswe ukusela ulwelo kwaye kugcinwe ukufuma komoya. Kufuneka kuphephe umsi wetshayo kunye nezinye izinto ezicaphukisayo. Ukuba ukukhohlela okunemkhuhlane akupheli, kuhamba nobushushu okanye kuphindaphinda, kufuneka kugwetywe ngugqirha.
Izinto Ezimele Ziqwalaselwe KwiKukhohlela Kubantwana
Ukuphumla kunye nokusela ulwelo oluninzi kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukukhohlela kubantwana. Kucetyiswa ukuba indawo abahlala kuyo ibe nefuma. Akufanele kusetyenziswe amayeza ngaphandle kwesikhokelo sogqirha, kwaye ukuba ukukhohlela akupheli okanye kukho ezinye iimpawu, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
Ulawulo Lokukhohlela Kubantwana Abancinci
Ekulawuleni ukukhohlela kubantwana abancinci, ukucoca impumlo, ukufuma kwendawo kunye nokubukela rhoqo kubalulekile. Ukuba ukutya kuyaphazamiseka, ukukhohlela kuqhelekile kwaye kunamandla, kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ukusondela Kukhohlela Okubangelwa Yi-Allergi
Umgaqo osisiseko wokukhohlela okubangelwa liallerji kukuphepha izinto ezibangela i-allergen. Indawo ecocekileyo nenemvula, ukusela amanzi amaninzi, amayeza e-allergy kunye neespreyi zempumlo zingasetyenziswa xa ugqirha evuma.
Indlela yokunciphisa nokuphelisa ukukhohlela?
Ukuze ukukhohlela kuphele ngokupheleleyo, unyango kufuneka lujolise kwimbangela ephambili. Ukuphumla, ukusela amanzi, iziqhelo zokuphila ezisempilweni kunye nonyango olucetyiswa ngugqirha kulindeleke ukuba kuphilise uninzi lweemeko zokukhohlela. Ukuba iimpawu zihlala ixesha elide okanye ziba mandundu, kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
1. Ukukhohlela kuthathwa njengokuyingozi nini?
Kufuneka uye kugqirha xa ukukhohlela kuthatha ngaphezu kweeveki ezintathu, kukho ubushushu, ukuphelelwa ngumoya, ukukhohlela igwebu elinamagazi okanye intlungu esifubeni.
2. Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kubonisa umhlaza?
Ayikho yonke into yokukhohlela okungapheliyo ebonisa umhlaza, kodwa kubantu abanesiganeko sokutshaya, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, okanye ukudinwa okukhulu, kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokubanzi.
3. Ngaba kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-antibiotic xa abantwana bekhohlela?
Uninzi lokukhohlela ebantwaneni lubangelwa ziintsholongwane kwaye i-antibiotic ayifuneki. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza kufuneka kube ngengcebiso yugqirha.
4. Ndingayinciphisa njani ukukhohlela ebusuku?
Ukuphakamisa intloko yebhedi kancinci, ukufuma igumbi kunye nokuphepha ukutya okunzima ebusuku kunokunceda.
5. Ziziphi iziselo nokutya okunyusa ukukhohlela?
Ukutya okunespice, okuneasidi kunye neziselo ezishushu kakhulu okanye ezibandayo zinokunyusa ukukhohlela. Kufuneka kukhethwe iziselo ezifudumeleyo.
5. Ziziphi iindlela zamayeza ezisetyenziswa kukukhohlela xa ukhulelwe?
Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka kube phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Iindlela zendalo zihlala zikhethwa kuqala.
7. Ngaba umbala wegwebu xa kukho ukukhohlela kubalulekile?
Ewe, igwebu eliluhlaza, elityheli okanye elinamagazi linokubonisa usulelo olungaphantsi okanye imeko eyahlukileyo. Xa igwebu lihlala ixesha elide okanye linuka kakubi, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
8. Ngaba ukukhohlela okubangelwa liallerji kuhlala ixesha elide?
Ukuba unxibelelwano ne-allergen luqhubeka, iimpawu zingaqhubeka. Ukuphepha i-allergen kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokulawula iimpawu kakhulu.
9. Ngaba amayeza okukhohlela afanele wonke umntu?
Hayi, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza akucetyiswa ngaphandle kokuba imbangela yokukhohlela ichongiwe. Ukukhetha amayeza angalunganga kunokwenza iimpawu zibe mandundu.
10. Ziziphi iimeko ezifunekayo unyango olukhawulezileyo xa usana likhohlela?
Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuluhlaza, ukungakwazi ukutya okanye ubushushu obuphezulu, kufuneka uye kwindawo yezempilo ngokukhawuleza.
11. Unyango lokukhohlela kufuneka lube njani kubaguli be-asthma?
Kubantu abane-asthma, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-inhaler, ispreyi okanye amanye amayeza acetyiswa ngugqirha kunye nokuphepha izinto ezibangela ukukhohlela kubalulekile.
12. Ukutshaya kuchaphazela njani ukukhohlela?
Ukutshaya kubangela ukucaphuka kwemigudu yokuphefumla kunye nokunyusa imveliso yemucus, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kokukhohlela, kungoko kucetyiswa ukuyeka.
13. Ngaba zikhona iindlela zendalo zokunyanga ukukhohlela ekhaya?
Ukusela amanzi amaninzi, ukufuma umoya wegumbi, iti yezityalo ezilula, ukuphumla njl. zinokusetyenziswa njengendlela yendalo yokuxhasa unyango.
14. Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo xa kukho ukukhohlela okungapheliyo?
Emva kovavanyo logqirha, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kungasetyenziswa i-x-ray yomphunga, iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wokuphefumla, iimvavanyo ze-allergy okanye i-endoscopy.
15. Ngaba kufuneka uye kugqirha xa ukukhohlela kuphila ngokwako?
Ukukhohlela okuphelayo kwexesha elifutshane, okungahambelani nezinye iimpawu, akubhekiseli kwingxaki enzulu, kodwa ukuba kuyaphinda-phinda okanye kuthatha ixesha elide kufuneka kuhlolwe.
Imithombo
Umbutho Wezempilo Wehlabathi (WHO) – “Izifo Zokuphefumla Ezibukhali”
Iziko laseMelika loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC) – “Ukukhohlela & Ukukhohlela Okungapheliyo”
European Respiratory Society (ERS) – IziKhokelo zoVavanyo noNyango lokuKhohlela
American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) – “IziKhokelo zokuKhohlela”
British Thoracic Society – “Isikhokelo soVavanyo noLawulo lokuKhohlela Okungapheliyo”