Manyoka: Zvikonzero, Zviratidzo uye Nzira Dzakachengeteka dzekubata nadzo

Chirwere cheDumbu Chii uye Chinotangira Sei?

Chirwere chedumbu, chinotsanangurwa sekuchinja kwechimbuzi kuva kwakawanda kupfuura zvakajairwa, kusununguka uye kuva nemvura yakawanda, chiri dambudziko rinowanzoitika remudumbu. Kazhinji chinokonzerwa nekupinda kwehutachiona mudumbu, kusashivirirwa kwechikafu kana mamwe matambudziko emudumbu. Nekuti chinokonzera kurasikirwa nemvura nemaminerari mumuviri, chinofanira kutarisirwa zvakanyanya kunyanya kuvacheche, vana vadiki, vakwegura uye vanhu vane immune system yakaderera.

Chirwere chedumbu muvana chinowanzoitika, asi dzimwe nguva chinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwemvura (dehydration). Kunyanya kuvacheche vachangoberekwa, zviratidzo zvekurasikirwa nemvura zvinogona kubuda nekukurumidza mushure mekunge chirwere chedumbu chatanga; saka zvakakosha kuti vatariswe zvakanyatsonaka. Kuvacheche nevana vadiki, kuderera kwehuwandu hweurine, muromo wakaoma, kuchema pasina misodzi, maziso akadzika uye kusagadzikana, zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvikuru zvekurasikirwa nemvura.

Chirwere cheDumbu Chakanyanya uye Chine Ngozi Chinoratidzwa Sei?

Mamwe marudzi echirwere chedumbu anokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwemvura nemaminerari mumuviri uye anogona kuisa upenyu panjodzi. Kazhinji chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwebacteria hunosanganisira kolera (Vibrio cholerae), Clostridium difficile kana mamwe mavhairasi uye maparasaiti, apo dumbu harikwanise kudzoreredza mvura uye muviri unorasa mvura nekukurumidza. Zviratidzo zvakaita sekunzwa nyota zvakanyanya, kuderera kweBP, kusava nesimba, kukakavadzana kwetsandanyama, kusavhiringidzika mupfungwa uye kunyange kushaya mweya (shock) zvinogona kubuda. Mumamiriro akadaro, panzvimbo yekuedza kurapa kumba, kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi rwechiremba kunokosha, kunyanya kuvana, vakwegura uye vane zvirwere zvinogara.

Zviratidzo Zvekuyambuka zveChirwere cheDumbu Chine Ngozi Ndezvipi?

Zviratidzo zviri pasi apa zvinoratidza kuti chirwere chedumbu chava chakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairwa:

• Kuzvimba mudumbu, kurwadza uye kukakavadzana kwetsandanyama mudumbu

• Kutadza kudzora kufamba kwechimbuzi

• Kupisa muviri kwakanyanya

• Ropa kana kamwe kachena (mucus) muchimbuzi

• Kuderera kwehuremu nekukurumidza uye pachena

• Kurutsa kana kusagadzikana mudumbu

• Kunzwa nyota zvakanyanya, muromo wakaoma, kuderera kweurine uye urine rine ruvara rwakasviba

• Kusagadzikana mupfungwa, kutenderera musoro, kuderera kweBP uye kushanduka kwepfungwa

Kuvacheche, kusagadzikana, kuderera kwefontanelle, muromo wakaoma, kushoma kuchinja mabezi zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvekurasikirwa nemvura. Kunyanya kuvacheche nevana vadiki vanotadza kutsanangura zvichemo zvavo, vakuru vanovatarisira vanofanira kungwarira zvakanyanya.

Mhando dzeChirwere cheDumbu

Chirwere chedumbu chinowanzopatsanurwa seizvi:

Chirwere chedumbu chinotanga nekukurumidza: Chinotanga pakarepo uye chinowanzokonzerwa nehutachiona, chinotora pasi pevhiki rimwe chete.

Chirwere chedumbu chinogara kwenguva refu: Chinotora kupfuura mavhiki mana uye chinowanzobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvinogara zvakaita sekusagadzikana kwemudumbu, chirwere checeliac kana zvirwere zvinopisa mudumbu.

Chirwere chedumbu chinobuda mvura yakawanda: Chinokonzerwa nekubuda kwemvura yakawandisa mudumbu; hutachiona hwebacteria sekolera hunogona kukonzera izvi.

Chirwere chedumbu chinokonzerwa nekusakwanisa kutora mvura: Chinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvisina kutorwa mudumbu zvinokwevera mvura, semuenzaniso kusashivirirwa kwe lactose.

Chirwere chedumbu chine mafuta (steatoreic): Chinokonzerwa nekutadza kutora mafuta, chimbuzi chinova nemafuta, chinopenya uye chine hwema husina kunaka.

Zvikonzero zveChirwere cheDumbu Ndezvipi?

Pasi rose, chirwere chedumbu muvana nevakuru chinonyanya kukonzerwa nehutachiona hweviri uye bacteria. Pamusoro pezvo:

• Hutachiona hweparasaiti

• Kudya kana mvura zvisina kujeka, zvisina kubikwa zvakanaka kana zvisina kuchena

• Kushanduka kweflora yemudumbu kunokonzerwa nemishonga, kunyanya maantibiotic

• Kusashivirirwa kwechikafu (semuenzaniso lactose kana gluten)

• Zvirwere zvinogara mudumbu (semuenzaniso Crohn, ulcerative colitis)

• Kushushikana uye zvikonzero zvepfungwa zvinogonawo kukanganisa kufamba kwemudumbu.

Ngozi dzeChirwere cheDumbu Kana Chisina Kurapwa Ndezvipi?

Kana mwana wako aine kupisa muviri, kurutsa uye chirwere chedumbu uye asingapiwi kurapwa nenguva, zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika:

• Kusava nesimba, kusada kudya, kuderera kwehutano

• Muromo wakaoma, kuderera kwekubuda kweurine

• Kurasikirwa nepfungwa, uye mune mamiriro akanyanya, koma kana kufa

Kukura kwekurasikirwa nemvura kunogona kukurumidza zvikuru muvana vadiki kupfuura vakuru. Saka hazvifaniri kufuratirwa.

Kutarisira Chirwere cheDumbu muVana neVacheche

Chirwere chedumbu muvana chinonyanya kukonzerwa nemavhairasi uye kazhinji hapadiwi maantibiotic. Kana chirwere chedumbu chichiperekedzwa nekurutsa, ngozi yekurasikirwa nemvura inowedzera. Kana mwana achirutsa kazhinji, asingakwanise kudya kana kunwa, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza nyanzvi.

Maitiro Ekupa Mvura Kumwana Kumba

Kumba, chinangwa chikuru pakurapa chirwere chedumbu chiri pakati nepakati kana chiri chakareruka, kudzoreredza mvura nemaminerari arikushaikwa. Mishonga inowanikwa kumishonga, inogadzirwa nemvura (oral rehydration solution), inogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka. Zvinokurudzirwa zvinoenderana nezera remwana:

• Pasi pemakore maviri: Mushure mechimbuzi chine mvura, kapu kadiki kamvura

• Makore maviri kana kupfuura: Hafu kana kapu yakazara yemvura

• Vana vakuru: Zvavanokwanisa kunwa

Kana kurutsa kwawedzera, zvinokurudzirwa kupa mvura shoma-shoma asi kazhinji.

Kudya Kunofanira Kuva Sei?

Panguva yechirwere chedumbu, kudya hakufanirwe kumiswa zvachose; banana, yogati, sadza remupunga, mbatatisi dzakabikwa, huku, muto wemiriwo usina mafuta, mukaka wakasanganiswa nemvura uye chingwa zvinokurudzirwa sezvo zvisingaremedzi dumbu. Kudya kune shuga yakawanda, kwakagochwa, kwakanyanyisa mhiripiri kana kwakanyanyisa asidhi zvinofanira kudzivirirwa sezvo zvinowedzera chirwere chedumbu.

Kutsigira Flora yeMudumbu

Vamwe vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira kushandisa maprobiotic kana zvigadzirwa zvine zinc zvinotsigira flora yemudumbu. Kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa izvi kunofanira kuitwa pasi pekurairwa kwechiremba.

Kutarisira Chirwere cheDumbu muVacheche

Chinhu chakakosha pakurapa chirwere chedumbu mucheche kudzoreredza mvura nemaminerari arikushaikwa. Kuvacheche vanoyamwa, kuyamwisa kunofanira kuenderera mberi kazhinji. Oral rehydration solution inogona kushandiswa pasi pekurairwa kwechiremba. Kana mwana akura zvakakwana, sadza remupunga, mbatatisi dzakabikwa, banana yakapwanyika kana yogati zvinogona kuwedzerwa. Kana chirwere chedumbu chikaramba chiripo kweanopfuura mazuva matatu, kupisa muviri kana chimbuzi chine ropa, chiremba anofanira kubvunzwa.

Zvinowedzera Ngozi yeChirwere cheDumbu

Zvinotevera zvinowedzera ngozi yekutapukirwa nechirwere chedumbu:

• Kusayamwisa (kunyanya mumwedzi mina yekutanga)

• Kusachena kwemabhodhoro nemazamu

• Kugadzirira kana kuchengetedza chikafu nemvura zvisina kukodzera

• Kusachena kwezvakatipoteredza

• Kuderera kweimmune system kana zvirwere zvinogara

Nzira dzeKutapurirana uye Kudzivirira Chirwere cheDumbu

Hutachiona hunowanzotapuriranwa kuburikidza nerutsoka-rwemaoko-ruromo, pamwe chete nemvura isina kuchena uye chikafu chisina kubikwa zvakanaka. Kudya kwakapisa hakufanirwe kuchengetwa mufiriji zvakare, kudzivirira dziva dzine vanhu vakawanda kana dzisina kuchena, uye kudzivirira mukaka usina kupiswa nezvigadzirwa zvawo zvakakosha pakudzivirira. Panguva yekugadzira uye kushumira chikafu, kutevedzera mitemo yekuchena kwakakosha, chikafu chinofanira kubikwa zvakakwana uye kudyiwa chiri chitsva.

Ndeipi Nguva Yekubvunza Chiremba?

Mamiriro anotevera anoda rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi rwechiremba:

• Kuchimbidza kwechimbuzi chine mvura yakawanda uye kazhinji

• Kutadza kunwa mvura kana kusava nesimba zvakanyanya

• Kupisa muviri kupfuura 38°C

• Kurutsa kunodzokororwa kana kuwedzera

• Ropa muchimbuzi

• Kuderera kwekubuda kweurine, kuchema pasina misodzi, ganda rakaoma uye rakusvava

Kuvakuru, vacheche uye vane zvirwere zvinogara, kutarisira kwakanyanya kunodiwa.

Nzira dzekuona Chirwere cheDumbu

Pakuona chirwere chedumbu, nguva yezviratidzo, nhoroondo yekufamba, mishonga yakashandiswa nguva pfupi yapfuura uye maitiro ekudya zvinotariswa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chedumbu, ongororo yechimbuzi, bvunzo dzemurabhoritari uye kana zvichidiwa, nzira dzekuona dzinogona kushandiswa. Kana chirwere chedumbu chiri chenguva refu, ongororo yakadzama inogona kuitwa kuti tsvage chikonzero chiri pasi.

Nzira dzeKurapa

Pakutanga kwechirwere chinotanga (akut) chinangwa ndechekudzorera mvura nemaminerari anorasika uye kuchengetedza mamiriro emunhu. Kurapwa nemishonga inouraya utachiona kunodiwa chete pakurairwa nachiremba uye pazvirwere zvimwe zvakatarwa. Kudya kunofanira kuenderera mberi uye zviratidzo zvekurasikirwa nemvura zvinofanira kuteverwa zvakanyatsonaka. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, kurapwa kwemvura kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nemutsinga. Kana chirwere chisingaperi chawanikwa, kurapwa kunoenderana nechikonzero chakadzika. Nzira dzekudzivirira manyoka - Kuvandudza tsika dzechena uye kugeza maoko - Kushandisa mvura yakachena, yakachengeteka uye kudya kwakabikwa zvakanaka - Kusarudza mukaka nemukaka zvigadzirwa zvakapwanyika (pasteurized) - Kunyanya kungwarira nezvekudya kunodyiwa panze munguva yezhizha Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa 1. Manyoka chii uye anova nenjodzi rini? Manyoka, ndiko kubuda kwechituru chakasviba, chisina kusimba uye chinobuda kazhinji. Kana kupisa muviri kwakanyanya, nyota yakanyanya, chituru chine ropa kana kurasikirwa nekurema nekukurumidza zvikaitika, kana mwana/mucheche asingakwanise kunwa mvura nekuda kwekurutsa, zvinoda kukurumidza kupindirwa. 2. Chii chinoitwa kana mwana ane manyoka? Kudzorera mvura nemaminerari anorasika, kukurudzira kuyamwisa kazhinji uye kupa mhinduro yekudzorera mvura nemuromo (oral rehydration solution) pakurairwa nachiremba zvakakosha. Kana zviratidzo zvikakomba, chiremba anofanira kubatwa. 3. Nei vana vachiwanzobatwa nemanyoka? Chikonzero chikuru muvana imavhairasi (semuenzaniso rotavirus, norovirus). Uyezve, mvura isina kuchena, chikafu chisina kuchena, mamwe mishonga inouraya utachiona uye kusashivirirwa kwechikafu kunogonawo kukonzera manyoka. 4. Manyoka anodzivirirwa sei? Kugeza maoko kazhinji, kushandisa mvura yakachengeteka yekunwa uye kudya kwakabikwa zvakanaka, kudzivirira mukaka nemukaka zvigadzirwa zvisina kupwanyika (pasteurized) zvinokurudzirwa. 5. Manyoka anorapwa sei kumba? Pamanyoka akareruka kana epakati, kupa mvura yakawanda kudzivirira kurasikirwa nemvura uye kusarudza chikafu chiri nyore kugaya zvinokurudzirwa. Zvokuwedzera zveprobiotic kana zinc zvinogona kushandiswa pakurairwa nachiremba. 6. Zviratidzo zvekushomeka kwemvura (dehydration) ndezvipi? Kuoma mukanwa nemuganda, kuderera kwekuenda kuchimbuzi, weti yakasviba, kuderera kwemisodzi, kusava nesimba uye kusagadzikana/kuchinja kwepfungwa muvana ndizvo zviratidzo zvikuru zvekurasikirwa nemvura. 7. Ndezvipi zvekudya zvinobatsira pamanyoka? Mabhanana, mupunga, mbatatisi dzakabikwa, yogati, mukaka wakasanganiswa nemvura (ayran) uye chingwa, izvo zviri nyore makabhohaidhiretsi uye mapuroteni zvinokurudzirwa. Kukurudzira kutora mvura yakawanda muvana nevakuru kwakakosha. 8. Mishonga inouraya utachiona inogona kukonzera manyoka here? Hongu, mamwe mishonga inouraya utachiona anogona kukanganisa flora yemudumbu zvichikonzera manyoka. Mishonga iyi haifaniri kushandiswa pasina kurairwa nachiremba. 9. Ndinofanira kuenda kuna chiremba rini? Kana manyoka akanyanya, kurutsa, kupisa muviri kwakanyanya, chituru chine ropa, kusakwanisa kunwa mvura uye zviratidzo zvekushomeka kwemvura, zvakakosha kuenda kunzvimbo yezvehutano. 10. Manyoka asingapere chii uye anowanikwa pazvirwere zvipi? Manyoka anopfuura mavhiki mana anonzi "asingapere" uye anowanzobatana nezvirwere zvakaita seirritable bowel syndrome, chirwere checeliac kana zvirwere zvinopisa mudumbu. 11. Probiotic inobatsira pamanyoka here? Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti probiotic inogona kubatsira kupfupikisa nguva yemanyoka anokurumidza uye kutsigira flora yemudumbu; asi kushandiswa kwayo kunofanira kuitwa pakurairwa nenyanzvi. 12. Unoziva sei kana manyoka achitapuriranwa? Manyoka anokonzerwa nezutachiona zvakawanda (semuenzaniso rota kana norovirus) anogona kutapuriranwa. Kuchenesa maoko uye kusagoverana zvinhu zvemunhu zvakakosha. 13. Ndezvipi mishonga inogona kukonzera manyoka? Kazhinji mishonga inouraya utachiona, mamwe emudumbu uye mishonga yekurapa gomarara zvinogona kukonzera manyoka; gara uchibvunza chiremba usati warembera mishonga. 14. Unofanira kunwa mvura yakawanda sei pakurasikirwa nemvura? Kurasikirwa nemvura kunofanira kudzorerwa nemvura yakachena uye mhinduro dzekudzorera mvura nemuromo. Chiyero chakakodzera paawa kana pakubuda chituru chinogona kutaurwa nachiremba wemwana. 15. Ndeipi nguva yekumisa kudya pamanyoka? Kazhinji, kumisa kudya hazvikurudzirwi. Kana kurutsa kwakanyanya uye kusakwanisa kunwa mvura, kudya kunofanira kugadziridzwa pakutariswa nachiremba. Zvinyorwa - Sangano reHutano rePasi Pose (WHO): Chinyorwa cheChirwere cheManyoka - US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Manyoka  Ongororo - European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Mirayiridzo - The New England Journal of Medicine: Kutungamira kweAcute Gastroenteritis muVana - American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Oral Rehydration Therapy muVacheche neVana Ruzivo rwese rwuri munyaya ino rwakavakirwa pamirau yazvino yezvokurapa uye zvinyorwa zvinovimbika. Pakuziva uye kurapwa kwezvirwere, gara uchibvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano.