Kunzwa Kutsvuka Muganda: Zvikonzero, Zviratidzo uye Nzira dzekubata Nazvo

Chii chinonzi Kukwenya?

Kukwenya, inozivikanwa muchiremba se "pruritus" uye inogonawo kuitika chero kupi zvako pamuviri kana kuti pamuviri wose, uye inowanzoitika sechichemo chakajairika. Kazhinji inenge isina kusimba uye inopfuura, asi mune mamwe mamiriro inogona kuva yakasimba uye isingapere zvekuti inokanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kazhinji inobatanidzwa nematambudziko eganda, asi inogona zvakare kuva chiratidzo chezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana kana mamiriro akasiyana. Saka zvakakosha kwazvo kunzwisisa maitiro ekukwenya uye kugadzira hurongwa hwakanaka hwekurapa uchitsvaga rubatsiro rwemunyanzvi.

Chii chinonzi Kunzwa Kukwenya? Zvinoonekwa Sei?

Kukwenya kunounza kunzwa kusagadzikana, kupisa kana kubaya paganda. Dzimwe nguva kunogona kukuvadza zvakafanana nekurwadziwa uye kunoderedza zvakanyanya hutano hweupenyu hwemunhu. Kukwenya kunoramba kuripo kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekurara, kukuvara kweganda, kuderedza kushamwaridzana uye kusagadzikana mupfungwa. Zviratidzo zvakaita sekuzvimba, kutsvuka kana kubuda mavanga paganda zvinogona kupa zviratidzo pamusoro pechikonzero chiri pasi.

Zvinokonzera Kukwenya Zvingave Zvakadini?

Zvikonzero zvekukwenya zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana. Zvinonyanya kuwanikwa zvinosanganisira zvirwere zve ganda, kupindura kweallergy, utachiona hunokonzerwa nemapurasitiki, utachiona hwemashanga, kusarongeka kwehomoni, zvirwere zveitsvo kana chiropa, zvirwere zve tiroide, kushushikana uye zvinhu zvepfungwa. Zvakare, mimwe mishonga ine mhedzisiro yakaipa, kushomeka kweropa, zvirwere zvemuviri wese (semuenzaniso chirwere cheshuga, zvirwere zveropa, mimwe mhando dze kenza) uye zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinogonawo kukonzera kukwenya.

Ukama hweZvirwere zveGanda neKukwenya

Kukwenya kunonyanya kuonekwa sechiratidzo chezvirwere zve ganda. Kuoma kweganda, eczema (dermatitis), urticaria (kurutika), utachiona hwemashanga uye utachiona hunokonzerwa nemapurasitiki (semuenzaniso scabies) ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kukwenya kwakanyanya paganda.

• Kuoma kweganda (Kserozis): Kunoratidzwa nekubuda zvimedu uye kupwanyika, kunowanzoonekwa pamaoko, makumbo nemakumbo. Mamiriro ekunze anotonhora kana akaoma, kugeza kazhinji nemvura inopisa uye kusanwa mvura yakakwana zvinokurudzira kuoma kweganda.

• Eczema: Kukwenya, kutsvuka uye dzimwe nguva mavanga ane mvura zvinoratidza chirwere cheganda chinoramba chiripo.

• Scabies: Utachiona hunokonzerwa neSarcoptes scabiei, hunonyanya kuwedzera husiku, hunoratidzwa nekukwenya kwakanyanya uye hunotapuriranwa.

• Urticaria: Mamiriro anouya nekukurumidza ekuzvimba uye kutsvuka paganda, anogona kupfuura nekukurumidza asi ane kukwenya kwakanyanya.

Ukama hweZvirwere zveMukati neKukwenya

Kukwenya hakunei chete nezvinetso zve ganda; kunogonawo kuoneka muzvirwere zveitsvo, chiropa, tiroide, ropa uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemukati.

• Zvirwere zveItsvo: Kana itsvo dzisiri kushanda zvakanaka (kunyanya chronic renal failure) kukwenya kunogona kupararira paganda rese.

• Zvirwere zveChiropa: Jaundice, cirrhosis uye kuvharika kwemigero yemafuta zvinogona kukonzera kukwenya pamwe nekushanduka kwevara reganda nemaziso kuita yero.

• Kusarongeka kweTiroide: Kushanda kushoma kwe tiroide (hypothyroidism) kana kushanda kwakawandisa (hyperthyroidism) kunogona kukonzera kukwenya. Zviratidzo zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo, kushanduka kwehuremu uye kudonha kwebvudzi zvinogonawo kuoneka pamwe chete ne tiroide.

• Chirwere cheshuga uye Zvirwere zveRopa: Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga uye vamwe vane zvirwere zveropa vanogona kuwana kukwenya kwakapararira kana kwenzvimbo imwe chete.

Zviratidzo zveKukwenya uye Mamiriro Anofanira Kucherechedzwa

Kusimba kwekukwenya, nguva kwainotanga, nguva yacho (semuenzaniso kukwenya kunowedzera husiku) uye zviratidzo zvinoperekedza, zvakakosha pakuyedzwa. Kushanduka kwevara reganda kana maziso kuita yero kana kutsvuka, kuderera kwehuremu pasina chikonzero, kurova kwemoyo, kusava nesimba, kuzvimba kana kutsvuka paganda zvinogona kuratidza zvirwere zviri pasi.

Kukwenya kweNerves (Neurogenic) uye kwePfunga (Psychogenic)

Mamwe mamiriro ekukwenya anogona kukonzerwa nezvinetso zve nervous system. Kukwenya kunoonekwa munzvimbo imwe chete, kunosanganiswa nekunzwa kupisa kana kutsamwa, uye kunowanzokurudzirwa nekushushikana kana kunetseka, kunoonekwa sekukwenya kwepfungwa kana kwe nervous system. Matambudziko ekurara anogonawo kuoneka kazhinji.

Kukwenya Kunodiwa Sei Kuongororwa?

Danho rekutanga kunzwisisa chikonzero chekukwenya, kubvunza zvakadzama nezvechemo uye kuongorora muviri. Kana zvichidiwa, zvinotevera zvinogona kukumbirwa:

• Kuverengwa kwakazara kweropa (kune zvirwere zveropa)

• Chiyero che iron, mavitamini

• Kuongororwa kwekushanda kwechiropa, itsvo uye tiroide

• Allergy tests (kana paine fungidziro yeallergy)

• X-ray yemuchipfuva (kana paine kuzvimba kwemasero eropa kana kukwenya kusingatsanangurike)

• Zvimwe zviyedzo zve laboratory uye zvekuona zvinodiwa

Zvinokurudzirwa kuti munhu wese anouya nechichemo chekukwenya atange abvunza chiremba. Kunyatsoona chikonzero kunogona kutora nguva, saka kuva nemoyo murefu uye kutevera zano zvakanyatsonaka zvinobatsira.

Kukwenya Kunotungamirirwa Sei uye Kunorapwa Sei?

Danho rakakosha mukurapa kukwenya, kuona chikonzero chiri pasi chinokonzera kukwenya. Kubudirira kwekurapa kunoenderana nekuziva chikonzero nemazvo uye kuchibvisa. Nzira dzakajairika ndedzidzi:

• Kukwenya kweAllergy: Kana chikonzero chiri allergy, mishonga ye antihistamine yakatarwa nachiremba uye makirimu anopfekwa paganda (topical agents) zvinogona kushandiswa.

• Nzira dzeZvirwere zveGanda: Kushandisa nguva dzose zvigadzirwa zvinodzivirira uye zvinonyorovesa ganda, kushandisa sipo nemishonga yakakodzera, kupfeka hembe dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa uye dzinonyaradza zvinokosha.

• Kushandiswa kweCorticosteroid kana mamwe makirimu/marham: Mishonga inopihwa nachiremba yezvirwere zve ganda; chenjerera mhedzisiro yakaipa.

• Systemic Therapies: Dzimwe nguva mishonga ye antidepressant kana mimwe mishonga yemumuviri wese inogona kushandiswa.

• Phototherapy (Kurapwa neChiedza): Inogona kushandiswa kunyanya pakukwenya kunoramba kuripo, pasi pezano redermatologist.

• Kukwenya kwePfunga: Kutonga kushushikana, rubatsiro rwepfungwa uye kana zvichidiwa kurapwa kwepfungwa kwakakosha.

Zvinhu Zviri Nyore Zvingaitwa Kumba

• Kudzivirira zvinhu zvinokurudzira kukwenya uye machira anotsamwisa,

• Kushandisa zvinonyorovesa zvisina kunhuhwirira uye zvisingakonzere allergy,

• Kudzivirira kugeza nemvura inopisa zvakanyanya, kugeza nemvura inodziya,

• Kudzivirira kukwenya ganda kazhinji, kucheka minwe pfupi uye kana zvichidiwa kushandisa magirovhosi usiku,

• Kuchengetedza mwando mumba (kushandisa humidifier kunogona kubatsira),

• Kupfeka hembe dzakareruka uye dzinotonhorera,

• Kushandisa nzira dzakaita sekufungisisa, yoga, kana kubvunza nyanzvi mukutonga kushushikana,

• Kuchengeta hutsanana hwekurara.

Mhedzisiro yeKukwenya Kwenguva Refu uye Zvinetso Zvinogona Kumuka

Kukwenya kwakanyanya kana kunoramba kuripo (kunowanzoita kupfuura masvondo matanhatu), kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya hutano hweupenyu. Kukwenya nguva dzose kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kweganda, utachiona uye kuumbwa kwemavanga. Zvakare, kukanganiswa kwekurara uye kushushikana zvinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Kukosha kweRubatsiro rweNyanzvi

Kukwenya, dzimwe nguva kunotorwa sechinetso chisina kukosha, asi dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekutanga chezvirwere zvakakomba. Saka kunyanya kana kukwenya kuri kwenguva refu, kwakapararira kana kuri pamwe chete nezvimwe zviratidzo, kubvunza chiremba kwakakosha zvikuru.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

1. Chii chingaitwa kumba pakukwenya kwemuviri?

Kuti kuderedze kukwenya kumba, chengetedza ganda richinyorova, dzivirira kugeza nemvura inopisa zvakanyanya, shandisa zvinonyorovesa zvisina kunhuhwirira kana makemikari, dzora kushushikana uye dzivirira kupfeka hembe dzinokurudzira kukwenya. Asi kana zviratidzo zvisingapere, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza chiremba.

2. Kukwenya kungava chiratidzo chezvirwere zvipi?

Kukwenya; zvirwere zve ganda, kupindura kweallergy, zvirwere zveitsvo nechiropa, kusarongeka kwe tiroide, chirwere cheshuga, zvirwere zveropa, uye mimwe mhando dzekenza zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chezvirwere zvakawanda.

3. Zvinokonzera kukwenya kunowedzera husiku chii?

Kukwenya kunowedzera husiku kunogona kukonzerwa ne scabies, eczema, zvirwere zvechiropa kana itsvo, kupindura kweallergy uye kushushikana. Kana kukwenya kwehusiku kuri kwenguva refu uye kwakanyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza chiremba.

4. Kukwenya kweallergy kunorapwa sei?

Kuziva chikonzero che kukwenya kweallergy kwakakosha. Mishonga ye antihistamine uye makirimu anopfekwa paganda zvinogona kushandiswa pasi pezano rechiremba. Kana zvichidiwa, shanduko muupenyu inofanira kuitwa.

5. Ndezvipi zvinoitika pakaitika kuti munhu ave nekukwenya anofanira kuenda kuna chiremba?

Kukwenya kana kuchiramba kwenguva refu (kusapera mukati memavhiki akati wandei), kuchiwedzera husiku, kana kuchiperekedzwa nezvimwe zviratidzo (kupisa muviri, kuderera kwehuremu, jaundice, kuzvimba kweganda, kusava nesimba) kana kukanganisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwevanhu, zvakakosha kubvunza nyanzvi.

6. Kukwenya kungava nenjodzi kuvana here?

Kukwenya kuvana kunowanzoitika nekuda kwezvirwere zvepaganda, allergies kana hutachiona hweparasitiki. Kana kukwenya kwakapararira, kwakanyanya kana kuchikonzera maronda paganda, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza chiremba wevana.

7. Kukwenya nguva dzose kungokuvadza ganda here?

Hongu, kukwenya nguva dzose kunogona kukuvadza ganda, kukonzera maronda; izvi zvinowedzera njodzi yekutapurirwa hutachiona uye kusara nezvitema (makwapa).

8. Kukwenya kune chekuita nekushushikana here?

Kushushikana kunogona kukonzera kana kuwedzera kukwenya. Saka, kutonga kushushikana chikamu chakakosha mukurapa kukwenya kwenguva refu.

9. Pruritus inotapurirana here?

Kukwenya pachako hakutapurirani; asi zvimwe zvinokonzeresa (semuenzaniso hutachiona hweparasitiki hunge huri scabies), hutachiona hunogona kutapurirana pakati pevanhu.

10. Chii chinoitwa kana maziso achikwenya?

Kukwenya kwemeziso kunowanzo kukonzerwa neallergy kana hutachiona. Zvakakosha kubvunza chiremba wemeziso pane kushandisa madonhwe kana mishonga usati waziva chikonzero.

11. Ndeapi mayedzo anobatsira kuona chikonzero chekukwenya?

Kuverengwa kweropa rose, mayedzo ekutarisa kushanda kwechiropa, itsvo uye tiroidi, mayedzo eallergy uye dzimwe nguva nzira dzekuona dzinogona kubatsira mukuwana chikonzero. Kana kukwenya kuchiratidzika, kwenguva refu uye kusiri kupora, ongororo dzinogona kuwedzerwa.

12. Mishonga yepamusoro kana yemukati inotanga kushandiswa rinhi pakukwenya?

Makirimu, maointment kana mishonga inotorwa nemuromo, zvinotariswa nachiremba zvichienderana nechikonzero uye kuoma kwekukwenya. Dzivisa kushandisa mishonga wega pasina kutungamirirwa nachiremba.

13. Kukwenya kunokonzerwa nemitsipa (neurogenic) kunozivikanwa sei?

Kana pasina chimwe chiratidzo paganda, kukwenya kuri munzvimbo imwe uye kuchiperekedzwa nekupisa kana kutsamwa, kana kuchikurudzirwa nekushushikana kana kushushikana kwepfungwa, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kukwenya kunokonzerwa nemitsipa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza chiremba ane ruzivo munzvimbo iyi.

14. Kana kukwenya kuchiperekedzwa nekuzvimba kana kuzvimba kweganda, chii chinofanira kuitwa?

Mune izvi, kubvunza nyanzvi yezvirwere zvepaganda ndiyo nzira yakachengeteka yekuwana chikonzero uye kurapwa kwakakodzera.

15. Kana kukwenya kusiri kupora kunyangwe mushure mekuyedza kurapwa kumba, chii chinofanira kuitwa?

Kana nzira dzekumba dzisina kubatsira kana kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvichiwedzera, zvakakosha kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa pasina kunonoka.

Zvinyorwa

• Sangano reHutano Pasi Pose (WHO), "Itch (Pruritus) – Key Facts and Global Perspectives"

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Itchy Skin – Causes and Management"

• European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Itch"

• American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), "Pruritus: Look Beyond the Surface"

• Mayo Clinic, "Itchy Skin: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment"