Pürine n’Acide Urike: Uruhare Bifite mu Mubiri n’Icyo Bimariye Ubuzima

Purine ni imyunyu ngugu isanzwe iboneka mu biribwa byinshi dukunda kurya buri munsi. By'umwihariko, ibiribwa byo mu mazi, inyama zitandukanye, imboga zimwe nka epinari, icyayi, ikawa n'ibinyobwa byafashwe n'umusemburo birimo purine nyinshi. Purine yinjiye mu mubiri, iva mu gusenyuka kw'uturemangingo cyangwa igaturuka mu igogorwa ry'ibiribwa, hanyuma mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy'imisemburo igahinduka aside urike.

Urik asite ni iki kandi ikorwa ite mu mubiri?

Urik asite ni umwanda w'ingenzi uva mu gusenyuka kwa purine mu mubiri. Iyi mpinduka akenshi ibera mu mwijima, igice gisigaye gishobora gukorwa n'izindi nyungo. Igice kinini cy'uric asite yo mu mubiri isohorwa n'impyiko biciye mu nkari, igice gisigaye gisohorwa n'amara biciye mu musarane. Igipimo cy'uric asite mu mubiri gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu; imyaka, igitsina n'imibereho bigira uruhare. Mu bantu bakuru, uric asite akenshi iba hafi ya 5 mg/dL ku bagabo, naho ku bagore ikaba hafi ya 4.1 mg/dL. Ariko ibi bipimo bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ubuzima cyangwa imyitwarire runaka.

Kurya cyane ibiribwa birimo purine nyinshi bituma uric asite igomba gusohorwa yiyongera. Bisanzwe hateganijwe ko habaho ihuriro hagati y'uric asite ikorwa n'isosorwa. Ariko, iyo ikorwa irenze cyangwa isohorwa ntihagije, uric asite yo mu maraso iriyongera (hyperuricemia) cyangwa igacika nke (hypouricemia).

Urik asite nyinshi (Hyperuricemia) n'impamvu zayo

Kuzamuka kw'uric asite mu maraso kurenze imbibi zemewe byitwa hyperuricemia. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kudasohora uric asite bihagije mu nkari, ibibazo mu misemburo ya purine cyangwa kurya purine nyinshi. Uric asite nyinshi mu maraso ishobora kwibika mu ngingo igakora utubumbe (cristaux) tugatera indwara ya gut, cyangwa ikibika mu mpyiko igatera ibibazo nko kubyara amabuye mu mpyiko. Iyo ibi bibazo bitavuwe, bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwangirika kw'impyiko no kunanirwa gukomeye kwazo.

Impamvu zishoboka zizamura uric asite zirimo imiterere y'imiryango, indwara z'impyiko, diyabete, umubyibuho ukabije, kunanirwa k'umutima, indwara zimwe z'amaraso nka anemiya no kunywa inzoga kenshi. Kandi imiti itera gusohora inkari (diuretics), imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, gukora gake k'udusabo tw'uturemangingo (hypothyroidisme), indwara za kanseri n'uburyo zivurwa nabyo byongera uric asite. Gutakaza ibiro vuba, imirire ikabije no kutarya bihagije nabyo ni ibyago bishoboka.

Ibimenyetso by'uric asite nyinshi

Kuzamuka kw'uric asite mu maraso kenshi ntibigaragaza ibimenyetso byihariye. Ariko bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa n'ibya gripa ndetse n'ibi bikurikira:

• Ububabare no kumva ingingo zidakomeye

• By'umwihariko mu gitondo, ingingo zishobora kubyimba cyangwa gutukura

• Kubyara amabuye mu mpyiko no kugabanuka kw'inkari

• Kugira umwuka muke, intege nke, umunaniro

• Kubyimba amaboko n'amaguru

• Kumva ubushyuhe mu nda

• Kudatekereza neza (mu bihe byakomeye)

• Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwa gut: cyane cyane ububabare bukabije, gutukura no gushyuha ku gikumwe cy'ikirenge

Uko uric asite nyinshi isuzumwa

Igipimo cy'uric asite gishobora gupimwa mu maraso. Ibi bipimo akenshi bikorwa mu gusuzuma imikorere y'impyiko, gukeka indwara ya gut cyangwa mu bushakashatsi ku mabuye mu mpyiko. Mu bantu bakuru, igipimo kiri hejuru ya 7 mg/dL ku bagabo na 6 mg/dL ku bagore bifatwa nk'ibiri hejuru. Ariko ibi bipimo bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'aho bipimirwa.

Uko uric asite nyinshi igenzurwa

Ku muntu wasanganywe uric asite nyinshi, hakorwa ubushakashatsi ku mpamvu nyamukuru. Kugabanya ibiribwa birimo purine nyinshi, kunywa amazi menshi no kugenzura ibiro birashobora kugirwa inama. Iyo muganga abibona bikenewe, ashobora gutanga imiti igabanya uric asite cyangwa izindi nzira z'ubuvuzi. Kugenzura neza indwara zidakira (nk'indwara y'impyiko, diyabete, kunanirwa k'umutima n'izindi) nabyo ni ingenzi.

Uric asite nke (Hypouricemia) ni iki? Igaragara ryari?

Kugabanuka kw'uric asite mu maraso munsi y'agaciro kemewe byitwa hypouricemia. Akenshi ntibitera ibimenyetso byihariye; biboneka nk'igice cy'indi ndwara cyangwa bigasangwa mu bipimo bisanzwe. Impamvu zishobora kubitera zirimo indwara zimwe z'umwijima nka Wilson, ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'impyiko (nko kuri Fanconi syndrome), indwara zimwe z'imyakura (nko kuri Parkinson, multiple sclerosis), indwara z'imisemburo, indwara z'amaraso, kutarya proteyine cyangwa purine bihagije, imiti imwe n'uburumbuke (Ubusama). Iyo habonetse hypouricemia, kwita ku ndwara nyamukuru ni ingenzi.

Ni ibiki by'ingenzi ku buzima bwiza?

Kugira uric asite mu bipimo byiza bisaba kurya indyo yuzuye kandi itandukanye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kunywa amazi ahagije. By'umwihariko abafite ibibazo by'impyiko, indwara ya gut cyangwa bafite amateka yo kugira uric asite nyinshi, bagomba kwitondera ibiribwa birimo purine nyinshi no kujya kwa muganga kenshi. Iyo ubonye ikimenyetso cyangwa ukagira impungenge, kugana inzobere ni ingenzi.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

1. Uric asite ni iki?

Uric asite ni umwanda uva mu gusenyuka kwa purine mu mubiri, ugomba gusohorwa. Bisanzwe isohorwa n'impyiko n'amara.

2. Ni ibihe biribwa byongera uric asite?

Inyama zitukura zirimo purine nyinshi, ibiribwa byo mu mazi, inyama z'imbere mu mubiri, ibinyamisogwe, imboga zimwe (nko kuri epinari), inzoga, icyayi n'ikawa bishobora kongera uric asite.

3. Uric asite nyinshi itera ibihe bibazo by'ubuzima?

Uric asite nyinshi ishobora gutera indwara ya gut, amabuye mu mpyiko, kwangirika kw'imikorere y'impyiko n'ibibazo bimwe by'uburwayi bw'ububabare. Iyo itavuwe, ishobora gutera ibindi bibazo bikomeye by'impyiko.

4. Kuki uric asite ipimwa?

Akenshi ipimwa mu gihe hakekwa indwara ya gut, amateka y'amabuye mu mpyiko, ububabare bw'ingingo budasobanutse cyangwa mu gusuzuma imikorere y'impyiko.

5. Ese uric asite nyinshi ihora igaragaza ibimenyetso?

Oya, ku bantu benshi uric asite nyinshi ntigaragaza ibimenyetso byihariye. Ariko mu bihe bikomeye cyangwa mu gihe cy'ibitero, hashobora kugaragara ububabare n'ububyimba mu ngingo.

6. Uric asite nyinshi igabanuka ite?

Kwirinda ibiribwa birimo purine nyinshi, kunywa amazi menshi, kugumana ibiro byiza no gukoresha imiti yanditswe na muganga birafasha.

7. Ni iki gituma uric asite iba nke?

Uric asite nke akenshi iba ikimenyetso cy'indi ndwara. Indwara z'umwijima cyangwa iz'impyiko, indyo ikennye kuri proteyine cyangwa imiti imwe bishobora kubitera.

8. Ubusano hagati ya gut n'uric asite ni iki?

Indwara ya gut iterwa n'ibibumbe by'uric asite byibika mu ngingo, bigatera ububabare n'ububyimba. Akenshi igaragara mu bitero bitunguranye.

9. Uric asite nyinshi igira iki ku mpyiko?

Ibibumbe by'uric asite mu mpyiko bishobora gutera amabuye no kwangiza imikorere yazo igihe kirekire.

10. Ese nshobora gukurikirana uric asite mu rugo?

Ntibishoboka gupima uric asite mu rugo. Ariko ushobora gukurikirana uko ihagaze ukoresheje ibipimo by'amaraso mu mavuriro.

11. Ese indyo yonyine ihagije mu kugenzura uric asite?

Indyo igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura uric asite, ariko hari igihe hakenerwa imiti.

12. Ni ibihe bimenyetso byatuma njya kwa muganga?

Ububabare bukabije mu ngingo, kubyimba bitunguranye, amabuye mu mpyiko, umunaniro uhoraho, kutamenya aho uri bisaba gusuzumwa kwa muganga.

13. Indyo igabanya purine ni iki?

Indyo igabanya purine ni gahunda yo kugabanya ibiribwa birimo purine nyinshi. Intego ni ukugumana uric asite ku gipimo cyiza.

14. Inzoga zigira iki ku gipimo cya uric asite?

Inzoga cyane cyane byeri, byongera purine na uric asite. Kugabanya inzoga ni ingenzi mu kugenzura uric asite.

Aho byakuwe

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Indwara zitandura – Gut

CDC – Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara: Gut

American Kidney Fund: Gusobanukirwa n’amabuye y’impyiko na uric asite

Koleji y’Abanyamerika y’Ubuvuzi bw’Indwara z’Imitsi: Amabwiriza ku ndwara ya Gout

Ibigo Bikuru bya Leta ya Amerika bishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku Buzima (NIH): Amakuru ku Igerageza rya Uric Acid