Isukari yo mu Maraso: Uko Igenzura ry’Imbaraga z’Umubiri Rigira Ingaruka ku Buzima

Isukari yo mu maraso ni iki kandi ifite uruhe ruhare mu mubiri?

Glukoz, ni ubwoko bw'isukari bufite akamaro k'ingenzi mu gutanga ingufu mu mubiri wacu. Glukoz iboneka mu biribwa turya, itwarwa n'amaraso igera mu turemangingo twose, igakoreshwa mu itangwa ry'ingufu. Isukari yo mu maraso (glukoz yo mu maraso) ni urugero rwa glukoz iri mu maraso. Iyo uru rwego ruzamutse cyane, ingingo nyinshi z'umubiri zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Ni yo mpamvu mu mubiri habaho uburyo bugoye bwo kugenzura urwego rw'isukari yo mu maraso. Insuline, umusemburo usohorwa n’uturemangingo twa beta two muri pankreas, utangira gukora iyo isukari yo mu maraso izamutse; ifasha glukoz kwinjira mu turemangingo kandi igasubiza isukari yo mu maraso ku bipimo bisanzwe.

Ni uruhe rwego rw'isukari yo mu maraso rufatwa nk'urwiza?

Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, isukari yo mu maraso iba hagati ya 70-120 mg/dl. Ariko ibi bipimo bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye. Ku barwaye diyabete, kubera kugabanuka cyangwa kudakora neza kwa insuline, isukari yo mu maraso izamuka. Gupima rimwe gusa isukari yo mu maraso ntibihagije ngo hatangwe igisubizo nyacyo. Ni yo mpamvu hakorwa n'ikizamini cya HbA1c kigaragaza urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso mu mezi atatu ashize. HbA1c iri hagati ya 6% na 6.5% yerekana "prediyabete" (isukari yihishe), irenze 6.5% ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cya diyabete.

Isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje n'uri wishimye ni iki, kandi ipimwa ite?

Urugero rwa glukoz mu maraso ruhinduka bitewe n'uko umuntu ari ushonje cyangwa ari wishimye. Isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje ni urugero rufatwa nyuma yo kumara nibura amasaha 8-12 nta kintu urya. Isukari yo mu maraso uri wishimye ni urugero rufatwa nyuma y'amasaha 2 umuntu amaze kurya. Ibi bipimo byombi bitanga amakuru akomeye ku bijyanye no kugira isukari nke (hipoglisemi) cyangwa nyinshi (hiperglisemi) mu maraso.

Urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje

Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje iba hagati ya 70-100 mg/dl. Urugero ruri munsi ya 60 mg/dl rufatwa nka hipoglisemi (isukari iri hasi) kandi rushobora gusaba kwitabwaho kwa muganga. Iyo isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje irenze 125 mg/dl, haba hari impamvu yo gukeka diyabete.

Urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso uri wishimye

Isukari yo mu maraso uri wishimye ipimwa akenshi nyuma y'amasaha 2 umuntu amaze kurya, kandi bisanzwe ntigomba kurenga 140 mg/dl. Urugero ruri hagati ya 140-200 mg/dl rwerekana prediyabete, irenze 200 mg/dl bikaba byerekana diyabete.

Isukari yo mu maraso ipimwa ite?

Isukari yo mu maraso ishobora gupimirwa mu rugo ukoresheje akantu gato k’amaraso. Ukoresheje igikoresho cya glukometre, ushyira akadomo k’amaraso ku rupapuro rwabugenewe, igisubizo kikaboneka mu masegonda make. Ibi bikoresho bifasha cyane abarwaye diyabete gukurikirana isukari yabo buri gihe. Ku bakoresha insuline, gupima inshuro enye ku munsi birasabwa.

Mu bitaro, amaraso afatwa agapimirwa mu laboratwari. Hanakoreshwa "ikizamini cyo kwihanganira glukoz" (OGTT). Muri iki kizamini, nyuma yo kumara ijoro utariye, ubanza gupimwa isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje, hanyuma ukanywa amazi arimo glukoz, nyuma y’amasaha 2 hakongera gupimwa isukari. Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, insuline ifasha gusubiza isukari ku rwego rusanzwe, ariko ku barwaye diyabete isukari iguma hejuru.

Ibyitonderwa mu gupima isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje n'uri wishimye

Gupima isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje bisaba kumara nibura amasaha 8-12 utariye. Ni yo mpamvu akenshi bipimirwa mu gitondo nyuma yo kurara utariye. Isukari yo mu maraso uri wishimye igomba gupimwa nyuma y’amasaha 2 umuntu amaze gutangira kurya. Gupima hagati y’amasaha 2-3 ni byo byiza; nyuma y’amasaha 4 igisubizo gishobora kutaba nyacyo.

Ni izihe mpamvu nyamukuru zitera izamuka ry'isukari yo mu maraso?

Kuzamuka kw'isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje cyangwa uri wishimye biterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye. Kurya nabi (by'umwihariko ibirimo karubone na amavuta menshi), kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri, kubura ibikorwa bihagije, stress ihoraho, hamwe n’impamvu z’imiterere y’umubiri (genetique) ni bimwe mu bitera izamuka ry’isukari. Impamvu nyamukuru ni indwara ya diyabete. Kudasoma imiti cyangwa kudakurikiza neza gahunda ya insuline ku barwaye diyabete nabyo bitera izamuka ry’isukari.

Isukari yo mu maraso ishobora gute kugumishwa ku rugero rwiza?

Kugira ngo isukari yo mu maraso igume ku rugero rwiza, ni ngombwa kurya neza, gufata amafunguro mato kenshi, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi. By'umwihariko, kugenda n’amaguru nibura iminsi 5 mu cyumweru birasabwa. Ku barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere aho pankreas idakora insuline, imiti na insuline ni ngombwa.

Urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso n'ikurikiranwa ryayo ku bana

Urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso ku bana rutandukanye n'urw'abakuze kandi ruhinduka bitewe n'imyaka. Ku mpinja n’abana bato, isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje iba hagati ya 90-170 mg/dl, uri wishimye hagati ya 120-200 mg/dl. Ku bana bafite imyaka 2-8, isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje iba hagati ya 80-160 mg/dl, uri wishimye hagati ya 110-190 mg/dl; hejuru y’imyaka 8, uri ushonje hagati ya 80-130 mg/dl, uri wishimye hagati ya 110-170 mg/dl. Ku bana bavukanye ikibazo cyo kubura insuline, gutangira insuline hakiri kare no gupima buri munsi ni ingenzi cyane.

Urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso ku bantu bakuru ni uruhe?

Ku bantu bakuru, isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje iba hagati ya 70-100 mg/dl, uri wishimye hagati ya 70-140 mg/dl. Urugero ruri munsi ya 60 mg/dl ni hipoglisemi kandi rushobora gusaba ubuvuzi. Hagati y’abana n’abakuze, hari itandukaniro rya 20-30 mg/dl ku bipimo bisanzwe by’isukari yo mu maraso.

Urugero rw'isukari yo mu maraso n'uburyo bwo kuyigenzura ku barwaye diyabete

Ku barwaye diyabete, yaba bari bashonje cyangwa bari bishimye, isukari yo mu maraso akenshi iba hejuru y’ibisanzwe. Ku diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere, umubiri ntukora insuline na gato, bityo umuntu aba akeneye guterwa insuline. Ku diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri, akenshi biterwa n’imyaka myinshi, ibiro byinshi, indwara mu muryango cyangwa stress, bigatuma insuline idakora neza. Ku barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa kabiri, kurya neza, gukora imyitozo no gukurikiza inama za muganga ku miti/insuline bifasha kugenzura isukari. Ku barwaye umubyibuho ukabije, rimwe na rimwe kubagwa (nko kubagwa umubyibuho) nabyo bifasha mu kuvura. Abahawe igisubizo cya diyabete bagomba gupimisha isukari buri gihe no kuguma mu nshingano za muganga, kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ingingo.

Isukari yo mu maraso n'indwara zidakira

Diyabete n’izindi ndwara zidakira bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima rusange bw’umubiri no ku buryo indwara zitandukanye zivurwa. By’umwihariko, diyabete ishobora guteza ibibazo mu kuvura cyangwa mu mikurire y’indwara zimwe na zimwe nka kanseri, bityo kugenzura neza indwara zidakira ni ingenzi cyane.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

1. Isukari yo mu maraso ni iki?

Isukari yo mu maraso ni urugero rwa glukoz itembera mu maraso yacu. Itanga ingufu ku mubiri kandi kugira ngo igume ku bipimo bisanzwe ni ingenzi ku buzima.

2. Isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje ipimwa nyuma y’amasaha angahe?

Isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje akenshi ipimwa nyuma yo kumara amasaha 8-12 utariye. Muri icyo gihe, ni byiza kunywa amazi gusa.

3. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje n'uri wishimye ni irihe?

Isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje ipimwa nyuma yo kumara igihe kirekire utariye, naho iyo uri wishimye ipimwa hafi y’amasaha 2 nyuma yo kurya. Itandukaniro ryo hagati yabyo rerekana uko umubiri ukoresha neza glukoz nyuma yo kurya.

4. Ni ibihe bimenyetso byerekana ko isukari yo mu maraso yazamutse?

Kujya kunyara kenshi, kumva inyota, umunaniro no kugabanuka kw’ibiro utabisobanura bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’isukari yo mu maraso iri hejuru. Iyo ibi bimenyetso bibonetse, ni ngombwa kugana muganga.

5. Kuki isukari yo hasi (hipoglisemi) ari ikibazo gikomeye?

Isukari yo hasi cyane ituma ubwonko budahabwa ingufu zihagije; bishobora gutera kugwa igihumure, kugira ibisindisha cyangwa no kugwa muri koma. Ibi bisaba ubufasha bwihuse.

6. Gupima isukari mu rugo bikorwa bite?

Ukoresheje igikoresho cyabugenewe cya glukometre, ufata akadomo k’amaraso ku rutoki, igisubizo kikaboneka mu minota mike.

7. Ni ibihe bizamini bikenewe ngo hamenyekane neza diyabete?

Gupima rimwe gusa isukari yo mu maraso ntibihagije. Hifashishwa isukari yo mu maraso uri ushonje, uri wishimye, HbA1c ndetse n’ikizamini cyo kwihanganira glukoz (OGTT) niba bikenewe.

8. Ni ibiki nakwitaho kugira ngo isukari yo mu maraso igume ku rugero rwiza?

Kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo buri gihe, kugenzura stress no kujya kwa muganga kenshi ni ingenzi.

9. Ni uruhe rwego rwiza rw'isukari yo mu maraso ku bana?

Isukari yo mu maraso ku bana ihinduka bitewe n’imyaka. Kugira ngo umenye urugero rwiza, ni byiza kugisha inama muganga w’umwana wawe hashingiwe ku myaka n’ubuzima bwe.

10. Abafite diyabete bagomba gukurikirana umubare w’isukari mu maraso buri munsi bate?

Akenshi inama ni ukugenzura inshuro 4 ku munsi, ariko iyi mibare ishobora guhinduka bitewe n’ubuzima bw’umuntu. Uburyo bwo kuvura bugenwa na muganga.

11. Ni izihe makosa ashobora gukorwa mu gipimo cy’isukari mu maraso?

Kugenzura mu gihe kitari cyo, gukoresha strip/kadi itari yo cyangwa ibikoresho bifite ikibazo bishobora gutuma haboneka ibisubizo bitari byo. Mu gihe hari gushidikanya, ni ngombwa kugisha inama umukozi w’ubuzima.

12. Gutegeka iterambere rya diyabete bikorwa bite?

Kugira isuzuma rya muganga kenshi, kugira imyitwarire myiza mu buzima no gukurikiza gahunda yo kuvura byafashwe ni ingenzi mu gukumira ingaruka mbi za diyabete.

13. Isukari iri hejuru mu maraso ishobora kugira ingaruka ku zindi ndwara?

Yego, isukari iri hejuru itagenzurwa ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mutima, imitsi, impyiko, amaso n’ubwonko.

14. Nubwo nkoresha imiti cyangwa insuline ariko isukari ikaba iri hejuru, nakora iki?

Ni ngombwa kugana muganga wawe. Hashobora gukenerwa guhindura dose cyangwa gahunda yo kuvura.

15. Hari uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara y’isukari?

Kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kugenzura ibiro no kugenzura kenshi kwa muganga ku bantu bafite ibyago bishobora kwirinda cyangwa gutinza diyabete.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Amakuru kuri diyabete

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC): Ibikubiye kuri diyabete

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita kuri Diyabete (ADA): Ibisabwa mu kwita ku barwayi ba diyabete

• Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga rya Diyabete (IDF): Igitabo cya diyabete

• The New England Journal of Medicine, Igenzura rya diyabete