Kuva amaraso mu bwonko: Impamvu, Ibimenyetso n’Inzira nshya zikoreshwa
Uko Kuvira mu bwonko Kubaho
Kuvira mu bwonko ni ikibazo gikomeye kandi gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, giterwa n’intege nke cyangwa ibibazo by’imiterere y’inkuta z’imitsi yo mu bwonko. By’umwihariko, intege nke ku rukuta rw’amaraso ishobora gutera kubyimba kw’imitsi (anevrizime). Anevrizime akenshi ziboneka ahahuza imitsi, kandi ibyo bice biroroshye kwangirika kurusha imitsi isanzwe. Ibyo byibyimba bishobora gutoboka ku mpamvu zitandukanye bigatera amaraso gusohoka mu bwonko cyangwa hafi yabwo.
Kuvira mu bwonko kugabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri by’ingenzi bitewe n’uburyo bibayeho:
Kuvira mu bwonko guterwa n’imvune: Biterwa n’impanuka, gukubitwa cyangwa izindi mvune z’umubiri.
Kuvira mu bwonko kubayeho gutunguranye: Biterwa n’indwara z’imitsi, anevrizime cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima bituma bibaho bitunguranye.
Nanone, bitewe n’aho amaraso aviriye mu bwonko, habaho ubwoko butandukanye:
Kuvira mu myenge y’amazi yo mu bwonko (intraventrikulaire): Bibera mu mwanya wuzuyemo amazi mu bwonko.
Kuvira mu gice cy’inyuma cy’ubwonko (intraserebral): Bibera imbere mu bwonko ubwabwo.
Kuvira hagati y’ubwonko n’udupfundikizo tworoshye (subaraknoide): Biboneka hagati y’ubwonko n’udupfundikizo tworoshye.
Kuvira hagati y’udupfundikizo tw’ubwonko (subdural): Bibera ahantu runaka hagati y’udupfundikizo tw’ubwonko.
Kuvira hagati y’ipfundikizo ryo hejuru n’uruhu rw’umutwe (epidural): Bibera hagati y’ipfundikizo ryo hejuru y’ubwonko n’uruhu rw’umutwe.
Mu kuvira mu bwonko guterwa n’imvune, akenshi hashobora kwangirika ibice byinshi icyarimwe, mu gihe kuvira gutunguranye (kutatewe n’imvune) kugarukira ahantu hamwe. Ubwoko bumwe bw’udusimba tw’ubwonko nabwo bushobora gutera intege nke mu mitsi y’ubwonko bigatuma ibyago byo kuva byiyongera; ariko ku barwayi bakurikiranwa neza n’abaganga, ibyo byago biba biri hasi cyane.
Ibimenyetso bya Kuvira mu Bwonko
Ibimenyetso bya kuvira mu bwonko biterwa n’aho amaraso aviriye, ubukana n’uburyo byakwirakwiriye. Ibimenyetso bitangira bitunguranye kandi bikomeye akenshi bisaba kwihutira kwa muganga. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:
Kugagara cyangwa intege nke ku ruhande rumwe rw’amaso
Kumva umunaniro cyangwa kubura imbaraga mu mubiri, cyane cyane ku kuguru cyangwa ukuboko
Kugira intege nke mu kuzamura ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru, cyangwa intege nke mu ngingo
Ibibazo byo kubona, kugwa kw’ijisho cyangwa kugenda kw’amaso kutagenzurwa
Guhagarika kuvuga neza cyangwa gusobanukirwa
Gufatwa n’ingorane mu kumira
Kugira isesemi, kuruka cyangwa kubura uburyohe mu kanwa
Kuribwa umutwe cyane, kumva umutwe uzunguruka
Kutamenya aho uri, kubura ubwenge cyangwa gusinzira bitunguranye
Ibibazo mu kugenda no kugenzura ingingo
Kutita ku bidukikije cyangwa kutagira icyo witaho
Ibi bimenyetso birushaho kugaragara cyane iyo kuvira mu bwonko kwatewe n’umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru. Iyo habaye impinduka mu mitekerereze cyangwa ibimenyetso bikomeye bitangiye bitunguranye, ni ngombwa kwihutira kujya kwa muganga.
Impamvu Zitera Kuvira mu Bwonko
Impamvu zishobora gutera kuvira mu bwonko ni nyinshi. Imyaka, imiterere y’umuryango n’ubuzima rusange bigira uruhare mu byago. Impamvu nyamukuru zirimo:
Umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru (hipertansiyo): Ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze kuboneka cyane.
Anevrizime (kubyimba kw’inkuta z’imitsi)
Ibibazo byo gufatana kw’amaraso n’imiti ikoreshwa kuri ibyo bibazo
Indwara zidakira nka diyabete, kunanirwa k’uruhago cyangwa indwara z’amaraso zimwe na zimwe
Kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi
Indwara zimwe z’umwijima n’intege nke z’imitsi zituruka ku miterere y’umuryango
Udusimba tw’ubwonko, cyane cyane utugira ingaruka ku mitsi
Imvune ku mutwe, kugwa no kugongwa
Impamvu zituruka ku muryango
Bimwe muri ibi bishobora kwirindwa (nko kureka itabi no kunywa inzoga), ibindi bikagabanywa binyuze mu guhindura imico cyangwa kugenzura ubuzima kenshi.
Uko Kuvira mu Bwonko Gupimwa no Kuvurwa
Kuvira mu bwonko ni ikibazo cyihutirwa gisaba gutahurwa no kuvurwa vuba. By’umwihariko iyo habonetse ibimenyetso bitunguranye, kugera vuba ku baganga ni ingenzi cyane. Hari ubwo kuvira mu bwonko bitagaragaza ibimenyetso ako kanya; niyo mpamvu abantu bafite ibyago byinshi, cyangwa bakomeretse ku mutwe, bagomba kugumishwa mu kwitabwaho nibura amasaha 24.
Uko kuvurwa biterwa n’ubwoko n’aho amaraso aviriye. Intego nyamukuru ni izi zikurikira:
Kumenya impamvu yateye kuvira no kugenzura aho biva
Kugabanya kwangirika k’ubwonko
Kurinda ubuzima no kwirinda ingaruka zindi
Abafashwe n’iki kibazo akenshi bashyirwa mu cyumba cy’indembe. Kuvurwa akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe kubaga kugira ngo amaraso ahagarare, ariko ku barwayi bafite ikibazo kitari gikomeye, kuvurwa gushingiye ku gufasha umubiri birahagije. Uko umurwayi akira nyuma yo kubagwa biterwa n’ubukana, aho byabereye n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe.
Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, uburwayi bw’umurwayi, guhumeka, imikorere y’umutima n’imikorere y’umubiri bikurikiranwa hafi. Ku barwayi babazwe, ntibashishikarizwa gusinzira mu masaha ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa, kandi uburwayi bwabo bugenzurwa kenshi. Kuvurwa gufasha umubiri gukomeza neza, umuvuduko w’amaraso ugakurikiranwa, kandi imiti igabanya kubyimba k’ubwonko irakoreshwa.
Abafashwe n’iki kibazo bashobora kungukirwa n’ubufasha mu myitozo ngororamubiri, kuvuga no kumira. Gukurikirana umurwayi n’inzobere mu buvuzi byongera amahirwe yo gukira.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Kuvira mu bwonko ni iki?
Kuvira mu bwonko ni ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima giterwa no gutoboka cyangwa kwangirika kw’imitsi yo mu bwonko bigatuma amaraso asohokera mu bwonko cyangwa hagati y’udupfundikizo twabwo.
Impamvu ikunze gutera kuvira mu bwonko ni iyihe?
Umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru (hipertansiyo) ni imwe mu mpamvu zizwi cyane ku isi z’iki kibazo.
Ibimenyetso bya kuvira mu bwonko bitangira bitunguranye?
Yego, mu gihe kinini ibimenyetso bitangira vuba kandi bitunguranye. Kuribwa umutwe bitunguranye, kumva umubiri utameze neza, ibibazo byo kuvuga cyangwa impinduka mu bwenge bikunze kugaragara vuba.
Ni iki wakora nyuma yo gukubitwa ku mutwe?
Niba wakubiswe cyangwa wakomeretse ku mutwe, ukagira kuribwa umutwe, kuruka, impinduka mu bwenge cyangwa intege nke, jya kwa muganga utabanje gutinda. By’umwihariko amasaha 24 ya mbere ni ingenzi cyane.
Kuvira mu bwonko bishobora gutera ubumuga burambye?
Biterwa n’aho amaraso aviriye n’ubukana, hashobora kubaho ubumuga bwo mu bwonko, ariko kuvurwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza byongera amahirwe yo gukira.
Ni bande bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuvira mu bwonko?
Abafite umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru, indwara zidakira, abanywa itabi n’inzoga, abafite ibibazo byo gufatana kw’amaraso n’abakuze bafite ibyago byinshi.
Kuvira mu bwonko birashobora kwirindwa?
Bimwe mu byongera ibyago bishobora kugenzurwa. Kugenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso, kurya neza, kureka itabi n’inzoga, kuvura indwara zidakira no kugenzura ubuzima kenshi birafasha kwirinda.
Umuntu wafashwe na kuvira mu bwonko ashobora gukira neza?
Biterwa n’umurwayi, ariko gutahura hakiri kare no kuvurwa byongera amahirwe yo gukira. Gahunda za reabilitasyon nazo zifasha kugabanya ubumuga.
Kuvura kuvira mu bwonko bikorwa gusa no kubaga?
Oya. Ubwoko bw’ikibazo, ubunini n’imiterere y’umurwayi nibyo bigena uko avurwa. Ku barwayi bafite ikibazo kitari gikomeye, gufashwa n’imiti birahagije; ariko hari ubwo kubaga biba ngombwa.
Kuribwa umutwe kose ni ikimenyetso cya kuvira mu bwonko?
Oya, kuribwa umutwe bifite impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye. Ariko iyo uribwa umutwe bitunguranye, bikomeye kandi bitari bisanzwe, cyane cyane iyo bifite ibindi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa kwisuzumisha kwa muganga.
Gusinzira nyuma yo kuvira mu bwonko birateje akaga?
Yego, gusinzira cyane cyangwa kutamenya aho uri ni ikimenyetso gikomeye. Muri ubwo buryo, ni ngombwa kugana muganga.
Abana nabo bashobora gufatwa na kuvira mu bwonko?
Yego, nubwo bibaho gake, abana nabo bashobora gufatwa na kuvira mu bwonko kubera imvune, ibibazo by’imitsi byavukanye cyangwa izindi ndwara.
Ni iki wakora nk’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ku muntu wafashwe na kuvira mu bwonko?
Shyira umuntu ku ruhande mu buryo butekanye, urebe ko inzira y’umwuka ifunguye, niba bishoboka hamagara imbangukiragutabara. Niba habayeho kubura ubwenge cyangwa ibibazo mu guhumeka, tegereza ubufasha bw’abaganga.
Inkomoko
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) – Ibyerekeye Stroke
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku Mutima (AHA) – Amakuru ku Kuvira mu bwonko
Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Kugenzura no Kurwanya Indwara (CDC) – Amakuru ku Bijyanye n’Indwara yo Kurohwa n’amaraso mu bwonko
Ibyifuzo by’Imyitwarire by’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubumenyi ku Indwara yo Kurohwa n’amaraso mu bwonko ry’i Burayi
The Lancet Neurology – Kuvira mu bwonko imbere: Uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima no kuyobora abarwayi