Imyanda: Impamvu, Ibimenyetso n'Uburyo Bwizewe bwo Kuyivura

Ishal ni iki kandi iteza gute?

Ishal ni ikibazo gisanzwe cyo mu mwijima w'ibiryo, kigaragazwa n'uko umusarani uva kenshi, woroshye kandi wuzuye amazi kurusha ibisanzwe. Akenshi iterwa n'udukoko twandura twinjira mu mara, kutihanganira bimwe mu biryo cyangwa zimwe mu ndwara zo mu mwijima w'ibiryo. Kubera ko ishobora gutera igihombo cyihuse cy'amazi n'imyunyu ngugu mu mubiri, igomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane ku bana bato, impinja, abageze mu zabukuru n'abafite ubudahangarwa buke.

Ishal mu bana ni ikibazo kibasanga kenshi, ariko rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera igihombo gikabije cy'amazi (kwuma kw'umubiri). By'umwihariko ku mpinja, ibimenyetso byo kwuma bishobora kugaragara vuba nyuma y'itangira ry'ishal; niyo mpamvu bagomba gukurikiranwa hafi. Ku bana bato n'impinja, kugabanuka kw'inkari, umunwa wumye, kurira batagira amarira, amaso ashashagirana no kutisanzura bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'igihombo gikomeye cy'amazi.

Ni gute wamenya ishal ikomeye kandi iteje akaga?

Bimwe mu bwoko bw'ishal bitera igihombo gikomeye cy'amazi n'imyunyu ngugu mu mubiri vuba kandi bikaba biteje akaga ku buzima. Akenshi ibi biterwa n'udukoko nka kolera (Vibrio cholerae), Clostridium difficile cyangwa virusi na paraziti zimwe na zimwe, aho amara atabasha kongera gusubiza amazi mu mubiri, bigatuma umuntu atakaza amazi menshi. Hausanga ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kumva inyota cyane, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso, intege nke, imikaya ifatwa n'ububabare, kwitiranya no kugwa igihumure ndetse no kujya muri shok. Muri ibi bihe, aho kugerageza kuvura mu rugo, ni ngombwa kwihutira gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga, cyane cyane ku bana, abageze mu zabukuru n'abafite indwara zidakira.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ishal iteje akaga?

Ibimenyetso bikurikira bishobora kugaragaza ko ishal itakiri isanzwe ahubwo yateye ikibazo gikomeye:

• Kubyimba mu nda, ububabare n'imikaya ifatwa

• Kutabasha kugenzura uko umusarani uva

• Ubushyuhe bwinshi

• Kuba umusarani urimo amaraso cyangwa ururenda

• Kugabanuka k'umubyibuho mu buryo butunguranye kandi bugaragara

• Kuzana cyangwa kumva isesemi

• Kugaragara kw'inyota, umunwa wumye, kugabanuka kw'inkari no kugira inkari z'umukara

• Kutisanzura, kugira isereri, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso no guhinduka kw'ubwenge

Ku mpinja, kutisanzura, kugwa k'umutwe w'impinja, umunwa wumye, no guhindura impapuro z'impinja gake bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'igihombo cy'amazi. By'umwihariko, kuko abana bato n'impinja batabasha kugaragaza ibibazo byabo, ababarera bagomba kubitaho cyane.

Ubwoko bw'ishal

Ishal igabanyijemo ibyiciro bikurikira:

Ishal y'igihe gito: Itangira itunguranye, akenshi iterwa n'udukoko twandura, kandi imara igihe kitageze ku cyumweru kimwe.

Ishal idakira: Imara igihe kirenze ibyumweru bine, akenshi iterwa n'indwara zidakira nka irritable bowel syndrome, indwara ya celiac cyangwa izindi ndwara zifata amara.

Ishal iterwa no gusohora amazi menshi: Iterwa n'uko amara asohora amazi menshi, nk'uko bigaragara kuri kolera.

Ishal iterwa n'ibintu bidashobora kwinjira mu mubiri: Ibi biba iyo hari ibintu bisigara mu mara bigakurura amazi, urugero nko kutihanganira lactose.

Ishal irimo amavuta (steatoreic): Iterwa n'uko amara atabasha kwinjiza amavuta, bigatuma umusarani uba urimo amavuta, ukanaboneka ko ukeye kandi ufite impumuro mbi.

Ni izihe mpamvu z'ishal?

Ku isi hose, impamvu nyamukuru y'ishal mu bana n'abakuru ni virusi n'udukoko twandura. Byongeyeho:

• Indwara ziterwa na paraziti

• Ibiryo cyangwa amazi bidafite isuku, bitatetse neza cyangwa inkomoko yabyo itazwi

• Imiti imwe n'imwe cyane cyane antibiyotike ihindura ubusanzwe bw'udukoko two mu mara

• Kutihanganira bimwe mu biryo (nka lactose cyangwa gluten)

• Indwara zidakira zifata amara (nka Crohn, colite ulcéreuse)

• Umuhangayiko n'ibibazo by'ubwonko nabyo bishobora kugira uruhare ku mikorere y'amara.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ishal itavuwe?

Niba umwana wawe afite umuriro, kuzana no kugira ishal ariko ntavurwe hakiri kare, hashobora kuvuka ibibazo bikurikira:

• Intege nke, kubura appetit, kugabanuka k'ubuzima busanzwe

• Umunwa wumye, kugabanuka kw'inkari

• Kutamenya aho uri, no mu bihe bikomeye kugwa igihumure cyangwa gupfa

Kwuma kw'umubiri gukabije bishobora kwihuta cyane ku bana bato kurusha abakuru. Ni ngombwa kutabyirengagiza.

Uko ishal ivurwa mu bana n'impinja

Ishal mu bana akenshi iterwa na virusi, ntibisaba antibiyotike. Iyo ishal iherekejwe no kuzana, igihombo cy'amazi kiba kinini. Niba umwana agaragaza kuzana kenshi, kutarya cyangwa kutanywa, ni ngombwa kugisha inama umuganga.

Uko ushobora kongera amazi mu rugo

Mu ishal yoroheje cyangwa iringaniye, intego nyamukuru ni ugusubiza amazi n'imyunyu ngugu yatakaye. Ibikoresho byo kongera amazi n'imyunyu ngugu biboneka muri farumasi, bigategurwa n'amazi, birizewe kandi byifashishwa neza. Biterwa n'imyaka y'umwana:

• Imyaka iri munsi ya 2: Inyongera ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'igikombe cy'icyayi nyuma ya buri musarani wuzuye amazi

• Imyaka 2 kuzamura: Igice cyangwa igikombe cy'amazi

• Abana bakuru: Uko ashoboye kose

Niba kuzana byiyongereye, ni byiza gutanga amazi make ariko kenshi.

Uko kurya kugomba kugenda

Mu gihe cy'ishal, ntugomba guhagarika kurya burundu; ibiryo byoroshye ku mara nk'ibitoki, yoguti, umuceri useye, ibirayi bitogosheje, inkoko, isupu y'imboga idafite amavuta, amata y'inka n'umugati nibyo byiza. Ibiryo birimo isukari nyinshi, ibitetse mu mavuta menshi, ibirimo indimu cyangwa ibirungo byinshi, n'ibiryo birimo aside bikwiye kwirindwa kuko byatuma ishal irushaho gukara.

Gushyigikira ubusanzwe bw'udukoko two mu mara

Abaganga bamwe bashobora kugusaba gukoresha imiti irimo probiotics cyangwa ibirimo zinc bifasha ubusanzwe bw'udukoko two mu mara. Ibi bikoresho bigomba gukoreshwa gusa ku nama y'umuganga.

Ukwitaho impinja zifite ishal

Ingingo nyamukuru mu kuvura ishal ku mpinja ni ugusubiza amazi n'imyunyu ngugu yatakaye. Ku mpinja zonsa, gukomeza konsa kenshi birakenewe. Ibikoresho byo kongera amazi n'imyunyu ngugu byemewe n'umuganga birashobora gukoreshwa. Niba umwana amaze gukura, ushobora kongeramo umuceri useye, ibirayi bitogosheje, umutobe w'ibitunguru cyangwa yoguti. Ishal imara iminsi irenze itatu, umuriro cyangwa umusarani urimo amaraso, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara ishal

Ibintu bikurikira byongera ibyago byo kugira ishal:

• Kutonsa (by'umwihariko mu mezi 4 ya mbere)

• Kutagira isuku ku bibero n'ibikoresho by'impinja

• Kutategura cyangwa kubika neza amafunguro n'amazi

• Kutagira isuku mu bidukikije

• Kugira ubudahangarwa buke cyangwa indwara zidakira

Uko ishal yandura n'uko wayirinda

Indwara ziterwa n'udukoko akenshi zandurira mu nzira y'umusarani-intoki-akanwa, ndetse n'amazi atizewe n'ibiryo bitatetse neza. Kutongera gushyira amafunguro ashyushye muri firigo, kwirinda koga mu mazi menshi adafite isuku, kwirinda amata ataranyujijwe mu ruganda n'ibiyakomokaho ni ingenzi mu kwirinda. Mu gutegura no gutanga amafunguro, isuku igomba kwitabwaho, ibiryo bigatogoswa bihagije kandi bigatangwa bikiri bishya.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga?

Mu bihe bikurikira, ugomba kwihutira gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga:

• Kugira umusarani wuzuye amazi kenshi kandi menshi

• Kutabasha kunywa amazi cyangwa kugira intege nke cyane

• Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 38°C

• Kuzana kenshi cyangwa byiyongera

• Umusarani urimo amaraso

• Kugabanuka kw'inkari, kurira nta marira, uruhu rwumye kandi rufite iminkanyari

Abageze mu zabukuru, impinja n'abafite izindi ndwara bagomba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko.

Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma?

Mu gusuzuma, harebwa igihe ibimenyetso bimaze, amateka y'ingendo, imiti iherutse gukoreshwa n'imyitwarire mu mirire. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ishal, hashobora gukoreshwa isuzuma ry'umusarani, ibizamini bya laboratwari ndetse no gupimisha ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kureba imbere mu mubiri. Ku ishal idakira, hashobora gukoreshwa ibindi bizamini byimbitse kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu nyamukuru.

Uko ivurwa

Intego ya diarhee itangira (akut) ni ugusimbuza amazi n’imyunyu ngugu yatakaye no kurinda ubuzima rusange bw’umuntu. Kuvura hakoreshejwe antibiyotike bikenewe gusa iyo byategetswe na muganga kandi ku ndwara zimwe ziterwa n’udukoko tumwe. Kugaburira birakomeza kandi ibimenyetso by’itakara ry’amazi bigomba gukurikiranwa hafi. Mu ndwara zikomeye, kuvura hakoreshejwe amazi binyuzwa mu mutsi birashoboka. Niba habonetse indwara y’igihe kirekire, kuvura bikorwa hakurikijwe impamvu ibitera.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda Diarhee

• Kunoza isuku n’umuco wo gukaraba intoki

• Kunywa amazi meza, yizewe no kurya ibiryo byatekewe neza

• Guhitamo amata n’ibiyakomokaho byatunganyijwe neza (pasteurisé)

• Kwitondera ibiribwa biribwa hanze cyane cyane mu mpeshyi

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Diarhee ni iki kandi iba mbi ryari?

Diarhee ni igihe umusarani uba woroshye, wuzuye amazi kandi uva kenshi. Iyo hari umuriro mwinshi, inyota ikabije, umusarani urimo amaraso cyangwa igabanyuka ry’ibiro vuba, cyangwa umwana/uruhinja adashobora kunywa kubera kuruka, hakenewe ubufasha bwihuse.

2. Ni iki gikwiye gukorwa ku ruhinja rufite diarhee?

Ni ingenzi gusimbuza amazi n’imyunyu ngugu yatakaye, kongera kotsa umwana no kumuha umuti wa oral rehydration solution nk’uko muganga abitegetse. Mu bimenyetso bikomeye, ni ngombwa kugana muganga.

3. Ni iki gitera diarhee mu bana?

Igitera diarhee kenshi mu bana ni virusi (nka rotavirus, norovirus). Amazi mabi, ibiryo bidafite isuku, zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa na antibiyotike n’ubudahangarwa ku biribwa nabyo bishobora kubitera.

4. Diarhee yirindwa ite?

Kukaraba intoki kenshi, kunywa amazi meza no kurya ibiryo byatekewe neza, kwirinda amata atatunganyijwe (pasteurisé) birasabwa.

5. Diarhee ivurirwa gute mu rugo?

Mu diarhee yoroheje cyangwa iringaniye, guha amazi menshi no guhitamo ibiryo byoroshye mu igogora birakenewe. Imyunyu ngugu nka probiyotike cyangwa zinc ikoreshwa gusa byategetswe na muganga.

6. Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’itakara ry’amazi?

Kumagara mu kanwa no ku ruhu, kunyara gake, inkari zifite ibara ryijimye, kugabanuka kw’amarira, intege nke no guhinduka k’umutima cyangwa imitekerereze ku bana ni ibimenyetso by’ingenzi by’itakara ry’amazi.

7. Ni ibihe biribwa byagirira akamaro ufite diarhee?

Imineke, umuceri, ibirayi byatetswe, yoguti, amata y’ifu n’umugati ni ibiribwa byoroshye mu igogora kandi bitanga ingufu. Kongera amazi ku bana n’abakuze ni ingenzi.

8. Ese antibiyotike zishobora gutera diarhee?

Yego, zimwe mu antibiyotike zangiza ubuzima bw’udusimba twiza two mu mara bigatera diarhee. Ntugomba gukoresha antibiyotike utabitegetswe na muganga.

9. Ni ryari nakwiriye kugana muganga?

Mu diarhee ikabije, kuruka, umuriro mwinshi, umusarani urimo amaraso, kudashobora kunywa amazi no mu bimenyetso by’itakara ry’amazi, ugomba kugana ivuriro.

10. Diarhee y’igihe kirekire ni iki, kandi iboneka mu zihe ndwara?

Diarhee imara ibyumweru bine cyangwa birenga ifatwa nk’iy’igihe kirekire kandi akenshi ijyana n’indwara nka irritable bowel syndrome, celiac cyangwa indwara zifata amara zifite inkomoko ku mubiri w’umuntu.

11. Ese probiyotike zigirira akamaro diarhee?

Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bumwe bubigaragaza, probiyotike zishobora kugabanya igihe diarhee imara no gufasha ubuzima bw’amara; ariko ikoreshwa ryazo rigomba gukorwa inama ya muganga.

12. Ni gute menya niba diarhee yandura?

Diarhee nyinshi iterwa n’ubwandu (nka rota cyangwa norovirus) irandura. Isuku y’intoki no kutagabana ibikoresho byihariye ni ingenzi.

13. Ni imiti iyihe ishobora gutera diarhee?

Antibiyotike kenshi, imiti imwe yo mu nda n’imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri (chemotherapy) bishobora gutera diarhee; mbere yo guhagarika imiti, jya ubanza kubaza muganga.

14. Ni amazi angana iki akwiriye kunyobwa iyo habayeho itakara ry’amazi?

Amazi n’umuti wa oral rehydration solution bigomba gusimbuza ibitakaye. Umuganga w’abana ashobora kukubwira ingano y’amazi ugomba guha umwana buri saha cyangwa buri gihe umusarani uvuye.

15. Ni ryari umuntu akwiye guhagarika gufata amafunguro mu gihe cya diarhee?

Byinshi, guhagarika gufata amafunguro ntibisabwa. Mu gihe cyo kuruka cyane no kudashobora kunywa amazi, gahunda yo gufata amafunguro igomba gukurikiranwa na muganga.

Amasoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Ibyerekeye Indwara ya Diarhee

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Kurwanya no Gukumira Indwara (CDC): Diarhee – Incamake

• Ihuriro ry’Abanyaburayi ryita ku Buzima bw’Abana, Indwara z’Impyiko n’Imirire (ESPGHAN) Amabwiriza

• The New England Journal of Medicine: Uburyo bwo Kuvura Gastroenteritis Ikaze mu Bana

• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Kuvura Itakara ry’Amazi mu Ruhu n’Abana

Amakuru yose ari muri iyi nkuru ashingiye ku mabwiriza agezweho y’ubuvuzi n’amasoko yizewe. Mu gusuzuma no kuvura, jya ugisha inama umukozi w’ubuzima w’umwuga.