Umgogodla kanye Nesifo Sokuphuma Kwamadiski: Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo, Izimpawu Nezindlela Zokwelapha
Isakhiwo Sezimbambo Nezintambo Zomgogodla
Izimbambo ziyizakhiwo eziyinhloko zomgogodla ezakhiwe izimbambo ezingama-24 (ama-vertebra) ezisekela umzimba. Ngaphakathi kuzo kukhona intambo yomgogodla, equkethe imicu yezinzwa exhumanisa ubuchopho nomzimba. Izicubu zemisipha ezizungeze umgogodla zenza ukuthi umhlane nentamo kube nokunyakaza futhi kube namandla.
Ngokwe-anatomy, umgogodla uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezine: ingxenye yentamo ibizwa ngokuthi i-servical, ingxenye yesifuba i-thoracic, ingxenye yesisu i-lumbar kanti ingxenye yokugcina i-sacral. Ingxenye ye-lumbar yakhiwa izimbambo ezinhlanu ezibhalwe kusukela ku-L1 kuya ku-L5. Izicubu eziphakathi kwezimbambo (ama-intervertebral discs) zenza kube lula ukunyakaza futhi zinciphisa ukushaqeka njengamathawula.
Yini Ukuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo?
Ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo kwenzeka lapho idiski ephakathi kwezimbambo ze-lumbar iqhuma, bese isicubu esithambile esingaphakathi sicindezela izinzwa. Lokhu kushintsha noma ukuhamba kwediski kuvame ukudala ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane nasemilenzeni. Ukuphuma kwediski kuvame ukubangelwa ukuguga kanye nokuba buthaka kwezicubu, kodwa ukucindezeleka okungazelelwe noma ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kungashesha inqubo.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Eziyisisekelo Zokuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo?
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo zifaka phakathi:
Ubuhlungu emhlane nasemilenzeni
Ukungazizwa kahle noma ukuluma emilenzeni
Ukungabi namuzwa noma ukushisa ezinyaweni
Ubunzima ekunyathelweni
Uma idiski ephumile icindezela izimpande zezinzwa, ubuhlungu buvame ukusabalala buvela emhlane buye emlenzeni. Kwesinye isikhathi ubuhlungu buvezwa kuphela emhlane, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokulahlekelwa amandla noma izinkinga zokulinganisela emilenzeni nasezinyaweni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungavela izimpawu eziphuthumayo ezifana nokungakwazi ukubamba umchamo noma indle, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yezocansi, okubonisa i-cauda equina syndrome. Kulokhu kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Izinto Ezibangela Ukuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo
Abantu abaningi bangase bahlangabezane nobuhlungu bemhlane esikhathini esithile sempilo yabo. Kodwa ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo kuhambisana kakhulu nezinto ezithile ezibeka engozini:
Ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo noma ukunyakaza okudinga amandla
Ukuhlala isikhathi eside (isb. ukusebenza etafuleni, ukushayela isikhathi eside)
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okubeka umthwalo owengeziwe emgogodleni
Ukusebenzisa ugwayi, okuphazamisa ukudla kwezicubu zediski
Ukuthambekela kwezizukulwane; kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala emndenini abaningi abanokuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo
Uhlobo lokuphila olunganyakazi; ubuthakathaka bemisipha yomhlane nesisu kwandisa ingozi
Ukuzuza isisindo esiningi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa ingcindezi ezimbambweni zomhlane
Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kokuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo?
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekutholeni ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo ukuhlolwa ngokuningiliziwe kwezempilo kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Indawo yobuhlungu, ukusabalala kobuhlungu emzimbeni, ukulahlekelwa amandla noma umuzwa kuyahlolwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukukhohlela noma ukuthimula kungandisa ubuhlungu.
Izindlela zokubuka ngaphakathi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ukuhlolwa:
I-X-ray: Ikhombisa imininingwane yamathambo omgogodla, isetshenziswa ukuthola ukuqhekeka noma ukuguquka kwesimo samathambo.
I-CT scan: Iwusizo ekuhloleni amadiski aqinile noma aphumile endaweni yawo.
I-MRI: Inikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe ngezicubu ezithambile, izinzwa namadiski, futhi iyona ndlela ekhethwa kakhulu ekutholeni ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo.
I-EMG: Ingathola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka kokudlulisela izinzwa.
Kwezinye izimo, uma kusolakala isifo esingaphansi, umdlavuza noma isifo esithinta wonke umzimba, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe.
Yiziphi Izindlela Esetshenziswa Ekuphathweni Kokuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo?
Ukwelashwa kokuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo kuhlelwa ngokuya ngezinkinga zesiguli, izinga lokuphuma kwediski kanye nobungozi bokulimala kwezinzwa. Ezimweni zokuqala, kuvame ukunconywa lezi zindlela:
Ukuphumula isikhathi esifushane
Ukwelashwa kwemisipha nokuvuselelwa
Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala (ikakhulukazi ama-anti-inflammatory angesona isteroid)
Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, lapho kunobuhlungu obukhulu noma izimpawu zezinzwa, kungasetshenziswa imithi eqinile yokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma yokuthambisa imisipha. Kodwa uma ukwelashwa ngemithi kungasizi noma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukulawula umchamo noma indle, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa.
Yiziphi Izindlela Zokuhlinzwa?
Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukucatshangelwa uma kunokulahlekelwa amandla okukhulu, ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo noma indle, ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yezocansi noma ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli. Izindlela ezinkulu zokuhlinzwa ezisetshenziswa:
I-Microdiscectomy: Ukususwa kwediski ephumile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
I-Laminectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye yomgogodla (lamina) ukuze kukhishwe ingcindezi ezinzweni
Ukuhlinzwa kwediski yokwenziwa: Ukususwa kwediski elimele bese kufakwa idiski yokwenziwa; kwenziwa kuphela ezigulini ezithile
I-Spinal fusion: Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimbambo ezimbalwa ukuze ziqine; kwenziwa uma kunokungazinzi okukhulu
Yize kunezingozi ezifana nokutheleleka, ukopha noma ukulimala kwezinzwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, izindlela zesimanje ze-micro-surgery zinciphise kakhulu lezi zinkinga.
Ukululama Nokuphila Ngemuva Kokuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo
Ezimweni ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwemisipha, ukuqinisa imisipha kanye nezinhlelo zokuzivocavoca ezifanele kungasiza ukugcina impilo yomgogodla. Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa noma okubandayo, ukuphumula isikhathi esifushane kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuma okuhle, njengoba kunconywa uchwepheshe, nakho kusiza ekululameni.
Yini Okufanele Iqaphelwe Ukuze Kuvikelwe Ukuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo?
Izinguquko ezithile empilweni zibalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo:
Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo nokugwema ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile okuqinisa imisipha (ikakhulukazi imisipha yesisu nomhlane)
Lapho uphakamisa into phansi, goba amadolo futhi ugcine umhlane uqondile
Uma usebenza umsebenzi odinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside, phumula njalo futhi uzelule
Gwema izicathulo ezinezithende eziphakeme kanye nokusebenzisa ugwayi
Yakha imikhuba yokuma efanele impilo yomgogodla ekuphileni kwansuku zonke
Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Yokuphuma Kwendawo Yezimbambo
Ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo okungelashwa kahle kungaholela ebuhlungwini obuqhubekayo emhlane, ukulimala kwezinzwa okungaguquki kanye nokwehla kwekhwalithi yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubonana nochwepheshe uma kuvela izimpawu ezisolisayo nokulandela izeluleko.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Kuyini ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo futhi kwenzeka kanjani?
Ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo kwenzeka lapho idiski ephakathi kwezimbambo zomhlane iqhuma bese isicubu esithambile esingaphakathi sicindezela izinzwa. Imvamisa kubangelwa ukuguga, ukunyakaza okudinga amandla noma ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo.
2. Yiziphi izimpawu zokuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo?
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ubuhlungu emhlane nasemilenzeni, ukungazizwa kahle noma ukuluma emilenzeni, ubunzima ekunyathelweni, ubuthakathaka ezinyaweni futhi kwezinye izikhathi ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo noma indle.
3. Ingabe ubuhlungu bemhlane njalo kusho ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo?
Cha. Kunezinye izimbangela eziningi ezingadala ubuhlungu emhlane. Uma ubuhlungu buye buyehla emilenzeni noma buhambisana nokulahlekelwa umuzwa, amathuba okuba ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo ayanda. Ukuze kutholakale impendulo eqondile, kufanele ubone udokotela.
4. Ingabe ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo kungalulama ngokwakho?
Izimo eziningi zingalulama zodwa phakathi namasonto ayisithupha ngokuphumula, imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwemisipha. Kodwa uma izimpawu ziba zimbi noma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ukulawula umchamo noma indle, kufanele ubheke esikhungweni sezempilo.
5. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ekwelashweni kokuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo?
Iningi lezifo alidingi ukuhlinzwa. Uma ubuhlungu bulawulwa, awekho amandla alahlekile futhi awekho ukulimala kwezinzwa, imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwemisipha kuvame ukwanele. Ukuhlinzwa kucatshangelwa uma kunokulahlekelwa amandla, ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo noma indle, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli.
6. Yiziphi izimo ezidinga ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha?
Ukuphuma ngokuzumayo komchamo noma indle, ubuthakathaka obukhulu emilenzeni noma ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi yezocansi kuyizimpawu eziphuthumayo futhi kudinga ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha.
7. Yini engenziwa ekhaya ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bokuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo?
Ukuphumula isikhathi esifushane, ukufaka okushisayo noma okubandayo njengoba kunconywa udokotela, ukuzelula kancane kanye nokuma okuhle kungasiza. Kodwa uma ubuhlungu bukhula noma kuba nokulahlekelwa amandla, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
8. Yiziphi izivocavoca ezisiza ukuphuma kwendawo yezimbambo?
Kuphakanyiswa izivivinyo ezithambile eziqinisa izicubu zesisu nezomzimba. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo ezifanele umuntu ngamunye ziyahlukahluka, ukufuna iseluleko kudokotela noma kufisiotheraphist kuyindlela efanele.
9. Iyini imithelela yokukhuluphala nokubhema ekuguleni kwamadiski esinqeni?
Isisindo esingaphezu komkhawulo sibeka umthwalo owengeziwe emgogodleni nasemadiskini, kanti ukubhema kungaphazamisa ukudla kwamadiski. Lezi zinto ezimbili zandisa ingozi yokugula kwediski esinqeni; phakathi kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela, indlela yokuphila enempilo ibalulekile.
10. Yiziphi izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuvikela ukugula kwediski esinqeni?
Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukuba nesisindo esinempilo, ukulandela izindlela ezifanele lapho uphakamisa izinto ezisindayo nokugwema ukubhema kugcina impilo yomgogodla.
11. Ingabe ukugula kwediski esinqeni kungaphinda?
Yebo, ikakhulukazi uma izici zobungozi ziqhubeka noma uma izinguquko ezifanele zendlela yokuphila zingenziwa, kungaphinda. Ukunaka umsebenzi womzimba nesimilo kungavimbela ukuphindaphinda kwalesi sifo.
12. Yiziphi izindlela zokuhlola ezisetshenziswa ekuguleni kwediski esinqeni?
Imvamisa kusetshenziswa i-MRI; ngaphandle kwalokho, i-X-ray kanye ne-computed tomography kungadingeka. Isinqumo sithathwa ngokuhlola kukadokotela.
13. Yini umsebenzi wokwelashwa ngokomzimba ekuguleni kwediski esinqeni?
Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kuqinisa imisipha, kusekela umgogodla, kwehlisa ubuhlungu futhi kusiza inqubo yokululama. Uhlelo lokwelapha kufanele luhlelwe ngokwezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.
14. Yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ngemuva kokuhlinzwa?
Njengazo zonke izinqubo zokuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezifana nokutheleleka, ukopha, noma ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzwa ezincane, lezi zingozi zehlisiwe kakhulu.
15. Ingabe kungenzeka ukwenza ezemidlalo uma unesifo sediski esinqeni?
Izivivinyo ezifanele futhi ezinconywa udokotela zingaba wusizo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhethwe imisebenzi yomzimba elawulwayo, efanele umzimba, kunokwenza ezemidlalo ezinzima nezikhathazayo.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) – Impilo Yemisipha Namathambo
Inhlangano YamaSosha E-Orthopaedics yaseMelika (AAOS) – Idiski Ehlulekile (Slipped Disk)
Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo (NIH) – Ishidi Lamaqiniso Mayelana Nobuhlungu Besinqe
Inhlangano YaseYurophu Yezinhlangano Zokuhlinzwa Kwezingqondo (EANS) – Imihlahlandlela Yokugula Kwediski Esinqeni
Inhlangano YaseMelika Yabahlinzayo Bezingqondo (AANS) – Idiski Ehlulekile