Ukukhwehlela: Izimbangela, Izinhlobo Nezindlela Ezisebenzayo

Yini Ukukhwehlela?

Ukukhwehlela kuyisimo semvelo esenzeka ukuvikela izindlela zokuphefumula. Kuvela ngenxa yokuthi imithambo yezinzwa ezitholakala emqaleni, emigudwini yomoya, emaphashini nasezindaweni ezibucayi isabela ezikhuthazweni ezahlukene. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukukhuculula izinhlayiya eziyingozi, amagciwane noma umucu omningi, ukuze izindlela zokuphefumula zihlale zivulekile. Ukukhwehlela okwesikhashana kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka okwesikhashana. Kodwa ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okungadluli amasonto amathathu kungaba uphawu lwesifo esingapheli ngaphansi, ngakho kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Izinhlobo Zokukhwehlela Zikhona Zini?

Uhlobo nesikhathi sokukhwehlela kubalulekile ekutholeni imbangela nokukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele. Izinhlobo zokukhwehlela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

Ukukhwehlela Okomile

Ukukhwehlela okomile kwenzeka ngaphandle komucu futhi kuvame ukudala ukuluma noma ukucasuka emqaleni. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukusabela komzimba kuma-allergen kanye nokuphuma kwe-asidi esiswini (reflux). Uma kuqhubeka kungadala ukucasuka emqaleni nezinkinga zokulala.

Ukukhwehlela OkuneMucu

Ekukhwehleleni okunemucu, izindlela zokuphefumula zizama ukukhipha umucu omningi. Kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka, isinusitis, i-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia. Umbala nokunamathela komucu kunganikeza umbono ngesifo esikhona. Uma umucu unuka kabi noma ungadluli isikhathi eside, kunconywa ukuya kudokotela.

Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli Nokungadluli

Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okungaphezu kwamasonto amathathu kungaba uphawu lwezinkinga ezinzima ezifana nesifuba somoya (asthma), reflux, i-bronchitis engapheli noma izikhuthazi zemvelo. Kulesi simo kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nokubona uchwepheshe.

Ukukhwehlela Okubangelwa Ukungezwani

Lolu hlobo lokukhwehlela luvela ngenxa yokuthi umzimba usabela kuma-allergen. Kuvame ukuba nokomisa futhi kungahamba nezinye izimpawu zokungezwani ezifana nokuphuma komphimbo noma ukukhwehlela. Kunganda ngokuvezwa kuma-allergen noma ngezikhathi zonyaka.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokukhwehlela?

Ukukhwehlela, nakuba kuyingxenye yokuzivikela komzimba, kungavela ngenxa yezimo ezahlukene. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu izifo ezithathelwanayo zomoya, ukungezwani, ukungcola komoya, intuthu kagwayi, reflux, isifuba somoya kanye nezifo ezingapheli ezifana ne-KOAH. Isikhathi, uhlobo, isikhathi sokukhwehlela kanye nezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nakho kudlala indima ekutholeni imbangela.

Kungani Kuvela Ukukhwehlela OkuneMucu?

Ukukhwehlela okunemucu kuvame ukuba uphawu lwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma eliphansi lezindlela zokuphefumula. Umzimba ukhuphula umucu ukuze ukhiphe amagciwane nomucu omningi. Kuvame ukubonakala ezimeni ezifana nesinusitis, bronchitis noma pneumonia. Uma umucu ungadluli isikhathi eside noma unuka kabi, kungaba uphawu lwesifo esinzima futhi kufanele uye kudokotela.

Kungani Kuvela Ukukhwehlela Okomile?

Ukukhwehlela okomile kuvame ukubangelwa ukoma emqaleni, ama-allergen noma izifo ezithathelwanayo. Isifo se-reflux singaba imbangela. Ikakhulukazi uma ukukhwehlela okomile kwanda ebusuku, kungabangelwa ukuphuma kwe-asidi esiswini. Uma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi akekho omunye umkhuhlane onzima.

Kungani Ukukhwehlela Kuvame Ezinganeni?

Ukukhwehlela ezinganeni kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwezindlela zokuphefumula eziphezulu. Ukuvuthwa okungaphelele kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba kwenza izingane zibe sengozini yokutheleleka. Futhi ukugeleza kwemfucumfucu, ukungezwani noma izici zemvelo kungadala ukukhwehlela. Uma ukukhwehlela kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kuhambisana nomkhuhlane noma ukuphefumula kunzima, kufanele izingane zihlolwe uchwepheshe wezempilo.

Kungani Kuvela Ukukhwehlela Okuqhubekayo Noma KweBusuku?

Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma okwanda ebusuku kungabangelwa isifuba somoya, reflux, izifo ezingapheli zamaphaphu noma ukusebenzisa ugwayi isikhathi eside. Uma uletha umucu emqaleni noma asidi esiswini ephuma ebusuku, ukukhwehlela kunganda. Kubantu abanesifuba somoya, ukuvaleka kwezindlela zokuphefumula ebusuku kungandisa izikhalo. Uma ukukhwehlela kuhlupha ubuthongo, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka.

Izindlela Ezisiza Ukunciphisa Ukukhwehlela

Kunezindlela ezahlukene ezisekelayo nezithokozisayo ezingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka okubangelwa ukukhwehlela. Kodwa indlela efanele incike embangelweni nohlobo lokukhwehlela.

Ukuphuza Amanzi Akwanele

Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kuyindlela evame ukwelulekwa ekunciphiseni ukukhwehlela. Amanzi anciphisa ukunamathela komucu futhi enza kube lula ukukhipha. Futhi anciphisa ukoma emqaleni futhi asiza ekululameni kokutheleleka.

Ukufukamela Igumbi

Uma umoya ezindaweni ezivaliwe womile, kungathinta kabi izindlela zokuphefumula futhi kwandise ukukhwehlela. Ikakhulukazi ebusika, ukufukamela igumbi kusiza ekulweni nokukhwehlela ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.

Ukulala Okwanele Nokuphumula

Ngesikhathi sokulala umzimba uyazilungisa futhi uhlelo lokuzivikela luyakhula. Ukungalali kahle noma ukungalali okwanele kungandisa ukukhwehlela nokucasuka emqaleni.

Ukugwema Izikhuthazi Eziphazamisayo

Intuthu kagwayi, amaphunga aqinile, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza kanye nokungcola komoya kungandisa ukuzwela nokukhwehlela. Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlanzekile, ezinomoya omuhle kuyasiza.

Ukuphumula Ngokulingene

Ukunciphisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke nokunaka ukuphumula kusiza inqubo yokululama. Ikakhulukazi uma ukukhwehlela kubangelwa ukutheleleka, ukuphumula komzimba kubalulekile.

Ukukhetha Iziphuzo Ezifudumele

Iziphuzo ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo zingacasula umphimbo futhi zandise ukukhwehlela. Kunalokho, kungakhethwa itiye lezitshalo elifudumele noma amanzi afudumele.

Ukuvikelwa Ebusweni Obubandayo

Ukugcina ikhanda nentamo kushisa, ikakhulukazi uma kubanda, kungavimbela ukucasuka emqaleni futhi kusize ekunciphiseni ukukhwehlela.

Ukuhlala Uhlezi Uqondile

Ukuze unciphise ukukhwehlela ebusuku, ukuphakamisa ingxenye yekhanda lombhede noma ukuphumula usendaweni yokuhlala kungavimbela ukuhlanganiswa komucu emqaleni futhi kwenze kube lula ukuphefumula.

Ukugwema Ama-allergen Nothuli

Kulabo abanezinkinga zokukhwehlela okomile noma okungezwani, kubalulekile ukugwema uthuli, impova nezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani. Ukuhlanza nokuvulela umoya njalo endlini kudlala indima ekulawuleni izimpawu.

Ukudla Ngokunempilo

Kuyelulekwa ukugwema ukudla okunezinongo, okune-asidi noma okungabangela ukukhwehlela. Uma kunezinye izimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula kunzima, umkhuhlane noma buthakathaka, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

Yini Okufanele Yenziwe Ekukhwehleleni Okomile?

Ukuze unciphise ukukhwehlela okomile, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi umphimbo uhlale umanzi. Iziphuzo ezifudumele, ukuphuza amanzi okwanele nokulawula umswakama wegumbi kungasiza. Uma izikhalo ziqhubeka isikhathi eside, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe bezempilo.

Ukuphatha Ukukhwehlela Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa

Ukukhulelwa kungahambisana nokukhwehlela, okuvame ukubangelwa izinguquko ohlelweni lokuzivikela, ukutheleleka noma izimbangela zokungezwani. Ekulashweni, kubalulekile ukukhetha izindlela eziphephile nezemvelo ezilungele impilo kanina nengane: ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukugcina umswakama wegumbi, ukuphumula kahle nokugwema izindawo ezicasulayo. Uma ukukhwehlela kuqina, kuhlangene nomkhuhlane noma ukuphefumula kunzima, ukuhlolwa kodokotela kuyadingeka.

Yini Engasiza Ekukhwehleleni OkuneMucu?

Ukuze kube lula ukukhipha umucu, kufanele kwandiswe ukuphuza amanzi futhi kugcinwe umoya wegumbi unomswakama. Kumele kugwemeke intuthu kagwayi nezinye izikhuthazi ezicasulayo. Uma ukukhwehlela okunemucu kungadluli, kuhlangene nomkhuhlane noma kuphindaphinda njalo, ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ekukhwehleleni Ezinganeni

Ekunciphiseni ukukhwehlela ezinganeni, ukuphumula nokuphuza amanzi amaningi kubalulekile. Kuyanconywa ukuthi igumbi abakhona libe nomswakama. Akufanele kusetshenziswe imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, futhi uma ukukhwehlela kuqhubeka isikhathi eside noma kunezinye izimpawu, kufanele uye kudokotela.

Ukuphatha Ukukhwehlela Ebantwaneni Abancane

Ekuphatheni ukukhwehlela ebantwaneni abancane, ukuhlanza ikhala, ukugcina umswakama wegumbi nokubheka njalo kubalulekile. Uma ukudla kuphazamisekile, ukukhwehlela kuvama futhi kuqina, kufanele kutholwe usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuphatha Ukukhwehlela Okubangelwa Ukungezwani

Umthetho oyisisekelo ekukhwehlela okubangelwa i-allergy, ukugwema izinto ezibangela i-allergy. Indawo ehlanzekile nefuthayo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, imithi ye-allergy kanye namaspreyi emfutho angasetshenziswa uma kudingeka ngokwelulekwa udokotela.

Kukhwehlela Kuncishiswa Kanjani Futhi Kwedlula Kanjani?

Ukuze ukukhwehlela kuphele ngokuphelele, kufanele kwelashwe imbangela eyinhloko. Ukuphumula, ukuphuza amanzi, izindlela zokuphila eziphilile kanye nokwelashwa okunconywa udokotela kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise izimo eziningi zokukhwehlela. Uma izimpawu zihlala isikhathi eside noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, kufanele kutholwe usizo lwezokwelapha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kukhwehlela Kubhekwa Njengokuyingozi Nini?

Uma ukukhwehlela kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu, kube nomkhuhlane, ukuphefumula kunzima, ukukhwehlela okuhambisana negazi noma ubuhlungu besifuba, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

2. Ingabe ukukhwehlela okungapheli kubonisa umdlavuza?

Akukhona konke ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungaba uphawu lomdlavuza, kodwa uma umuntu enomlando wokubhema, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, noma ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuyelulekwa.

3. Ingabe ama-antibiotic ayadingeka ekukhwehlela kwezingane?

Izimbangela eziningi zokukhwehlela kwezingane zivame ukubangelwa amagciwane, ngakho ama-antibiotic awadingeki. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokwelulekwa udokotela.

4. Ngingakunciphisa Kanjani Ukukhwehlela Ebusuku?

Ukuphakamisa ikhanda lombhede kancane, ukufukamela igumbi, nokugwema ukudla okunzima kusihlwa kungasiza.

5. Yiziphi iziphuzo nokudla okwandisa ukukhwehlela?

Izinto ezinamakha aqinile, ezinoshukela omningi noma ezishisayo kakhulu noma ezibandayo zingandisa ukukhwehlela. Kumele kukhethwe iziphuzo ezifudumele.

5. Yimiphi imithi engasetshenziswa ukukhwehlela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Izindlela zemvelo zivame ukuba yizona ezikhethwayo kuqala.

7. Ingabe umbala womkhwehlela ubalulekile ekukhwehlela okunephlegm?

Yebo, uma umkhwehlela unombala oluhlaza, ophuzi noma unezimpawu zegazi, kungaba uphawu lwesifo esingaphansi noma enye inkinga. Uma umkhwehlela unuka kabi noma uhlala isikhathi eside, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

8. Ingabe ukukhwehlela okubangelwa i-allergy kuhlala njalo?

Uma ukuxhumana nezinto ezibangela i-allergy kuqhubeka, izimpawu zingaqhubeka. Ukugwema izinto ezibangela i-allergy nokwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ukulawula izikhalo kakhulu.

9. Ingabe imithi yokukhwehlela ifanele wonke umuntu?

Cha, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa imithi ngaphandle kokuthola imbangela yokukhwehlela. Ukukhetha imithi engafanele kungandisa izimpawu.

10. Yiziphi izimo ezidinga ukusizwa ngokushesha ekukhwehlela kwezingane ezincane?

Uma kunzima ukuphefumula, kube nokububula, ingane ingakwazi ukudla noma inomkhuhlane ophezulu, kufanele uye esikhungweni sezempilo ngokushesha.

11. Ukwelashwa kokukhwehlela kwabantu abane-asthma kufanele kube kanjani?

Kubantu abane-asthma, ukusebenzisa njalo i-inhaler, amaspreyi noma eminye imithi enconywe udokotela kanye nokugwema izinto ezibangela ukugula kubalulekile.

12. Ukubhema kuthinta kanjani ukukhwehlela?

Ukubhema kuthukuthelisa izindlela zokuphefumula futhi kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfiva, okwenza ukukhwehlela kube kubi kakhulu, ngakho kuyelulekwa ukuyeka ukubhema.

13. Ingabe kukhona izindlela zemvelo engingazisebenzisa ekhaya ukwelapha ukukhwehlela?

Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukufukamela igumbi, itiye lezitshalo elithambile, ukuphumula, konke kungasetshenziswa njengendlela yemvelo yokwelapha.

14. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela okungapheli?

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa udokotela, uma kudingeka, kungasetshenziswa i-x-ray yamaphaphu, izivivinyo zokuphefumula, izivivinyo ze-allergy noma i-endoscopy.

15. Ingabe kudingeka ukuya kudokotela uma ukukhwehlela kuphela ngokwakho?

Ukukhwehlela okudlula ngokushesha futhi okungenazo ezinye izimpawu ngokuvamile akukhombisi inkinga enkulu, kodwa uma kuphindaphinda noma kuhlala isikhathi eside kufanele kuhlolwe.

Imithombo

Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) – “Izifo Zokuphefumula Ezibukhali”

Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo e-USA (CDC) – “Ukukhwehlela & Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli”

European Respiratory Society (ERS) – Imihlahlandlela Yokuhlola Nokwelapha Ukukhwehlela

American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) – “Imihlahlandlela Yokukhwehlela”

British Thoracic Society – “Imihlahlandlela Yokuhlola Nokuphatha Ukukhwehlela Okungapheli”