Ubuhlungu Besifuba: Izimbangela, Izimpawu Nokuthi Kufanele Ubonane Nini Nodokotela?

Ubuhlungu Besifuba

Ubuhlungu besifuba bungaba uphawu lwezinkinga ezahlukene zezempilo futhi kwesinye isikhathi bungadinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo. Ikakhulu ngenxa yezifo ezinzima ezihlobene nenhliziyo noma umoya-mpilo, kubalulekile ukuthatha ubuhlungu besifuba ngokungathi sína. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokufika ezikhungweni zezimo eziphuthumayo emhlabeni wonke ibangelwa ubuhlungu besifuba.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zobuhlungu Besifuba?

Ubuhlungu besifuba bungaba nemvelaphi ehlukahlukene. Ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa izifo zenhliziyo nomoya-mpilo, kodwa kunezimbangela eziningi ezingatheni noma zesikhashana ezingabangela ubuhlungu.

Izimbangela Ezihlobene Nenhliziyo

• Isifo senhliziyo (myocardial infarction): Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwemithambo enika inhliziyo igazi; ngokuvamile kubonakala ngomuzwa wokucindezeleka, ukuvaleka noma ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu.

• I-Angina: Ubuhlungu obuzwakala njengokucindezeleka noma ukuvuvukala, obuvame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla ngenxa yokwehla kokugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni.

• I-Aortic dissection: Ukuqhuma komthambo omkhulu we-aorta kubangela ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe nobukhulu.

• I-Pericarditis kanye ne-Myocarditis: Ukuvuvukala kwezingubo zenhliziyo noma imisipha yenhliziyo; ngokuvamile kubangela ubuhlungu obubi uma uphefumula noma ulele phansi.

Izimbangela Ezivela Emoyeni-mpilo

• I-Pulmonary embolism: Ukuvinjwa okungazelelwe kwemithambo yomoya-mpilo ngenxa yegazi eliqinile, kuhambisana nokuphelelwa umoya okukhulu nobuhlungu.

• Ukuvuvukala kwezingubo zomoya-mpilo (pleurisy): Kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu obukhuphuka uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela.

• I-Pneumothorax: Ukuphuma komoya emaphashini kubangele ukuwa kwephaphu; kuhambisana nobuhlungu obungazelelwe nobukhulu nokuphelelwa umoya.

• I-Pneumonia: Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu; kungabonakala ngokushisa komzimba, ukukhwehlela nobuhlungu besifuba.

• I-Bronchitis, i-Asthma ne-COPD: Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvaleka kwemigudu yomoya kubangela ubuhlungu besifuba nokuphelelwa umoya.

Izimbangela Ezivela Ohlelweni Lokugaya

• I-Reflux (Gastroesophageal reflux): Ukuhamba kwe-asidi yasemathunjini iye emgodleni wokudla kubangela umuzwa wokushisa, kwesinye isikhathi kuhambisana nokuphuma kwamanzi anukayo emlonyeni nobuhlungu besifuba.

• Izinkinga zomgudu wokudla: Ubunzima bokugwinya noma ukuqubuka kwemisipha kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba.

• Izifo zesikhwama samafutha kanye ne-pancreas: Amatshe esikhwameni samafutha noma ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas kwesinye isikhathi kungabangela ubuhlungu obudlulisela esifubeni.

Izimbangela Ezivela Ohlelweni Lwemisipha Namathambo

• I-Costochondritis: Ukuvuvukala kwekhadriji elixhumanisa ithambo lesifuba namathambo esifuba kuvame ukubangela ubuhlungu.

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye ne-fibromyalgia: Kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abanezinkinga eziphindaphindayo noma ezihlala isikhathi eside zemisipha.

• Ukulimala kwamathambo esifuba: Amathambo aphukile noma aqhekekile angabangela ubuhlungu obukhuphuka uma uthinta noma uhamba.

Izimbangela Zengqondo Nezinye Izimbangela

• I-Panic attack: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukujuluka, isiyezi nobuhlungu besifuba obukhulu kuhambisana nomuzwa wokukhathazeka.

• I-Zona: Ukuvuka kabusha kwegciwane le-chickenpox kungabangela izilonda ezibuhlungu esifubeni nasemzimbeni.

• Ezinye: Ukukhwehlela okukhulu, ukuphelelwa umoya isikhathi eside noma izinkinga ezithile zokuphefumula nazo zingabangela ubuhlungu besifuba.

Izimpawu Ezihambisana Nobuhlungu Besifuba

Lezi zimpawu ezihambisana nobuhlungu zingadinga ukuhlolwa ngokuphuthumayo:

• Umuzwa wokucindezeleka, ukuvuvukala noma ukushisa esifubeni,

• Ubuhlungu obungadlulela emhlane, entanyeni, emhlathini noma ezingalweni,

• Ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside, obungapheli noma obukhuphuka uma wenza imisebenzi,

• Ukuphelelwa umoya,

• Ukujuluka okubandayo,

• Isiyezi noma umuzwa wokuba buthaka,

• Ukuba nesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza,

• Ukuba buthaka jikelele nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Izimo Ezilandelayo Zingakhombisa Izimbangela Ezingezona Ezenhliziyo:

• Ubuhlungu obuqala kuphela emva kokudla,

• Ukuphuma kwamanzi anukayo noma anukayo emlonyeni,

• Ukuhamba nobunzima bokugwinya,

• Ubuhlungu obushintsha ngokuya ngesimo somzimba noma uma uphefumula kakhulu,

• Izilonda esikhumbeni, ukushisa komzimba noma ukuzamazama,

• Ukukhwehlela okukhulu.

Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kobuhlungu Besifuba?

Odokotela baqala ngokuthola umlando ogcwele wesiguli kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba ukuze bathole imbangela yobuhlungu besifuba. Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa imi kanje:

• Ubuhlungu buqale nini futhi kanjani?

• Ubuhlungu buhlala njalo noma buyaphuma-buyangena?

• Kukhona yini okuthinta ubuhlungu njengokunyakaza, ukudla, noma ukucindezeleka?

• Ubuhlungu budlulela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba?

• Wake waba nesimo esifanayo phambilini?

Uma kudingeka, imihlola eyinhloko esetshenziswa imi kanje:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Kuhlolwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nokulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo okungenzeka.

• Izivivinyo zegazi: Kuhlolwa izinkomba zokulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (njenge-troponin).

• I-X-ray yomoya-mpilo: Kuhlolwa isimo esijwayelekile senhliziyo nomoya-mpilo.

• I-CT scan: Kuhlolwa izimo ezinzima ezifana ne-pulmonary embolism noma i-aortic dissection.

Ngaphandle Kobuhlungu Besifuba: Ulwazi Ngomkhuhlane Nokuphatheka Kabi Esiswini (iGastric Flu)

Umkhuhlane nokuphatheka kabi esiswini kungabangela izimpawu ezingadidaniswa nobuhlungu besifuba. Kokubili kuvame ukubangelwa amagciwane.

Izimpawu Zomkhuhlane (Nazopharyngitis)

• Ukuvaleka noma ukuphuma komphimbo,

• Ubuhlungu bomphimbo,

• Ukukhwehlela,

• Ubuhlungu obuvamile emzimbeni kanye nobuhlungu bekhanda,

• Ukushisa komzimba okuncane,

• Ukuthimula nokuba buthaka.

Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi ngokuvamile ziba buthaka. Uma kuba nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu, ukuphelelwa umoya noma ukuba buthaka okukhulu, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Izimpawu Zokuphatheka Kabi Esiswini (Viral Gastroenteritis)

• Ukuqunjelwa okumanzi,

• Ubuhlungu besisu kanye nokubanjwa yisisu,

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza,

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu bekhanda,

• Ukushisa komzimba okuncane.

Ngokuvamile kudlula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa; kodwa uma kuba nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu uketshezi, ukuchama kwegazi noma ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kodokotela.

Izimbangela Zomkhuhlane Nezindlela Zokuvikela

Umkhuhlane uvame ukubangelwa amagciwane e-rhinovirus, kanti ukuphatheka kabi esiswini kubangelwa amagciwane afana ne-norovirus ne-rotavirus. Izifo zingadluliselwa ngokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, ukusondelana noma izinto ezingcolile.

Ukuze uvikeleke:

• Geza izandla njalo ngensipho,

• Gwema abantu abagulayo,

• Geza kahle ukudla futhi ulandele imithetho yokuhlanzeka,

• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomphakathi.

Ukwelashwa Nezindlela Zokweseka

Kokubili umkhuhlane nokuphatheka kabi esiswini kubangelwa amagciwane, ngakho-ke ama-antibiotic awasebenzi. Ngokuvamile kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa izimpawu:

Ngomkhuhlane:

• Phuza uketshezi oluningi,

• Khetha iziphuzo ezishisayo ezifana nesobho,

• Phumula,

• Geza umphimbo ngamanzi anosawoti ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu bomphimbo.

Ekuphathekeni kabi esiswini:

• Yeka ukudla isikhashana, phuza uketshezi oluningi,

• Khetha ukudla okulula ukugaya,

• Phumula kakhulu,

• Ungasebenzisi imithi yokumisa ukuqunjelwa ezinganeni ngaphandle kweseluleko likadokotela.

Ubani Okufanele Aya Esibhedlela Ngokuphuthumayo Uma Enezimpawu Zobuhlungu Besifuba?

Kulezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele uye esikhungweni sezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba buqala ngokuzumayo, bukhulu futhi abupheli noma ngabe uphumule,

• Ubuhlungu buhambisana nokuphelelwa umoya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukujuluka, isicanucanu noma isiyezi,

• Kukhona ubuhlungu obudlulela emhlane, entanyeni noma ezingalweni,

• Uma unomlando wezifo zenhliziyo noma zomoya-mpilo futhi izimpawu zakho zanda.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ubuhlungu besifuba njalo uphawu lwesifo senhliziyo?

Cha, ubuhlungu besifuba bungaba nezimbangela ezahlukene. Kodwa ikakhulu uma buqala ngokuzumayo, bukhulu noma buhlala isikhathi eside, kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi akusona yini isifo senhliziyo.

2. Ingabe umkhuhlane ungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba?

Ngokungajwayelekile, ngenxa yokukhwehlela nobuhlungu bemisipha okuhambisana nezifo zomoya-mpilo, kungazwakala ubuhlungu obuncane esifubeni.

3. Ingabe ukuphatheka kabi esiswini kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba?

Kwabanye abantu, ukuqubuka okukhulu esiswini noma i-reflux kungabangela ukungakhululeki esifubeni.

4. Ngingaya nini esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo?

Uma ubuhlungu buqala ngokuzumayo, abupheli noma buhambisana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukujuluka noma ubuhlungu obudlulela ezingalweni, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo.

5. Yini ebangela ubuhlungu bemisipha esifubeni?

Ukuzivocavoca okunzima, ukuhlala kabi noma ukulimala kwamathambo kuvame ukudala izinhlungu ezivela emithanjeni esifubeni; kodwa uma izinhlungu zinzima, zihlala isikhathi eside noma kunezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nazo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa udokotela.

6. Ingabe i-Covid-19 ingadala izinhlungu esifubeni?

Yebo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukutheleleka okukhulu kwemithambo yokuphefumula noma uma umoya-mpilo uthintekile, kungazwakala izinhlungu esifubeni. Uma kwenzeka kanjalo, kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

7. Ingabe izinhlungu esifubeni zingahlangana nezinkinga zohlelo lokugaya ukudla?

Yebo. Ikakhulukazi uma i-asidi yesisu ingena esithweni sokudla (reflux) noma kunezifo zesitho sokudla, kungadala izinhlungu esifubeni ezivela ngemuva kokudla.

8. Ingabe izinhlungu esifubeni ezinganeni ziyingozi?

Eziningi zezimo ezinganeni azinzima, kodwa uma izinhlungu zihlala isikhathi eside noma zinzima, kufanele kubonwe udokotela.

9. Yini engenziwa ekhaya uma kunezinhlungu zemisipha esifubeni?

Ukuphumula, ukuzivocavoca okuncane, ukufaka okushisayo kanye nokusebenzisa imithi elula yokunciphisa izinhlungu kungasiza. Uma kunokungabaza, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.

10. Kufanele unake ini kuze kuphole isisu esibandayo?

Ukuphuza amanzi anele, ukudla ukudla okulula nokuphumula kuyasiza. Uma izimpawu zinzima, xhumana nodokotela.

11. Yiziphi izifo okufanele zicatshangwe uma izinhlungu esifubeni nasemhlane zenzeka ndawonye?

Izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izinkinga zemisipha namathambo, noma izifo zomgogodla noma amadiski kungaba imbangela yezinhlungu ezihlangene.

12. Izinhlungu ezingaphansi kwesifuba sokudla zisho ukuthini?

Kungenzeka zivela esibindini, esikhwameni samafutha, emaphashini noma emathanjeni nemisipha; uma izinhlungu zinzima noma zihlala isikhathi eside, kudingeka ukuhlolwa.

13. Ingabe izinhlungu zendawo yesitho esifubeni zibalulekile?

Kwezinye izimo kungaba ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni noma izimbangela ezilula, kodwa uma izinhlungu zingapheli noma zihlala isikhathi eside, kudingeka ukuhlolwa udokotela.

14. Ingabe izinhlungu esifubeni zingaba nezimbangela zengqondo?

Yebo. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka kanye ne-panic attack zingadala izinhlungu esifubeni; lokhu kuvame ukuqinisekiswa uma ezinye izimbangela zomzimba sezikhishwe.

15. Yini engenziwa ukuvimbela izinhlungu esifubeni?

Ukuvikela impilo yenhliziyo namaphaphu, ukuzivocavoca njalo nokulawula izifo ezingamahlalakhona kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yezinhlungu esifubeni.

Imithombo

• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO), Chest pain: assessment and management

• Inhlangano Yenhliziyo YaseMelika (AHA), Warning Signs of a Heart Attack

• Inhlangano Yamaphaphu YaseMelika (ALA), Classification and Causes of Chest Pain

• Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo e-USA (CDC), Common Colds and Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

• Mayo Clinic, Chest pain: First aid

• European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Cardiac causes of chest pain

• UpToDate, Initial evaluation of the adult patient with chest pain in the emergency department