Imiphumela Yokuyeka Ukubhema Empilweni kanye Nezinguquko Ezenzeka Emzimbeni
Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kungesinye sezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ezithinta impilo yomuntu ngezindlela eziningi ezimbi. Ikakhulukazi, amathuba okuthola izifo ezinzima ezifana nomdlavuza, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi aphezulu kakhulu kubantu abatshaya ugwayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abachitha iminyaka eminingi betshaya ugwayi bangase babe sengozini yokuphila isikhathi esifushane. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu zonke, ukuhlala kude nogwayi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile empilweni. Kodwa-ke, ukuncika kukanikotini nezimpawu zokuntuleka okuphuma uma uyeka ugwayi kungenza kube nzima ukuyeka. Ukucasuka, ukukhathala, izinhlungu ekhanda kanye nesifiso esikhulu sikanikotini yizimpawu ezivame ukubonakala kulesi sikhathi. Nakuba inqubo yokuyeka ugwayi inzima, ukuyeka ugwayi kuletha izinzuzo eziningi empilweni yomzimba nasengqondweni. Uma uyeka ugwayi, ungathola izinguquko ezinhle ezenzeka emzimbeni wakho njengoba kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.
Izinguquko Ezinhle Emzimbeni Ezidalwa Ukuyeka Ugwayi
Umzimba uqala inqubo yokululama ngokushesha nje lapho ugwayi uyekiwe. Ubunzima bezimpawu zokuntuleka ngokuvamile buyehla emasontweni okuqala. Izinguquko eziyinhloko ezibhekwa uma ugwayi uyekiwe yilezi:
Ukwehla Kokuncika Nokuzivumelanisa Kwekhanda
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokuyeka ugwayi, ukuqaphela kwezakhi ezisebuchosheni eziphendula kunikotini kubuya esimeni esijwayelekile. Ngale ndlela, ukuncika kunikotini kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuqina Kohlelo Lokujikeleza Kwegazi
Phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwayi-12 emva kokuyeka ugwayi, kutholakala ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekusakazekeni kwegazi. Kulesi sikhathi, ingozi yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi yehla. Futhi, amandla okuzivocavoca akhula futhi umzimba ungazizwa unamandla. Amalunga omzimba aqala ukuhlanza izinto eziyingozi ezishiywe ugwayi.
Ukuthuthuka Kwezinzwa Zokunambitha Nokunuka
Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kunganciphisa ukuqaphela ukunambitha nokunuka. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwamahora angama-48 emva kokuyeka, ukulimala kwezinzwa zokunambitha nokunuka kuqala ukulungiswa ngokushesha. Ngale ndlela, ukuqaphela kwalezi zinzwa kungakhula kakhulu esikhathini esifushane.
Ukuzizwa Unamandla Futhi Unempilo
Ngemva kokuyeka, ukuthuthuka emandleni okuphefumula kwandisa amazinga e-oksijeni egazini. Lokhu kusiza abantu bazizwe benempilo futhi benamandla.
Ukuqina Kohlelo Lokuzivikela Komzimba
Ukuqhubeka nokutshaya kungalimaza uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba. Ukuyeka ugwayi kusiza ukuqinisa uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba ngokwandisa i-oksijeni nokwehlisa ukuvuvukala, ngaleyo ndlela kusize umzimba ulwe kangcono nezifo.
Ukuthuthuka Empilweni Yamazinyo Nomlomo
Ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi, ukuhlanzeka emlonyeni kuthuthuka ngokushesha; ukuphuzi kwamazinyo nokunuka komlomo kwehla. Futhi, ingozi yokuthola izifo emlonyeni iyancipha.
Izinguquko Ezinhle Empilweni Yezocansi
Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene zokusebenza kwezocansi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa kungandisa izinkinga zokuvuvukala, kwabesifazane kungandisa ukungabi nesifiso socansi. Ukuyeka ugwayi kusiza ukubuyisela impilo yezocansi esimeni esijwayelekile.
Ukwehla Kwengozi Yokuthola Umdlavuza
Enye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu kagwayi wukuthi ukhuphula ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi, ikakhulukazi amathuba okuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, wesifuba sokudla, isibindi, umphimbo, isinye, umlomo nomphimbo kanye nomdlavuza wamathumbu kwehla kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izimpawu Zokuntuleka Ongahlangabezana Nazo Ngemva Kokuyeka Ugwayi
Ukuyeka ugwayi kungaba nzima ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba kubantu abaningi. Ikakhulukazi emasontweni okuqala, izimpawu zokuntuleka ezingavela zingakhuphula ingozi yokubuyela ekutshayeni. Kulesi sikhathi umuntu angazizwa enezimpawu ezifana neze-flu. Isizathu salezi zimpawu ukuthi umzimba uzama ukuhlanzeka kunikotini futhi izinhlelo zomzimba ezijwayele ukunikotini ziphendula kule nguquko. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwazi ukuthi lezi zimpawu zokuntuleka ziwesikhashana. Izimpawu zokuntuleka ezivame ukubonakala zifaka phakathi:
Izinhlungu ekhanda nokuhlanza esiswini: Lapho nikotini iqala ukuphuma emzimbeni, kungavela izinhlungu ekhanda kanye nokuhlanza esiswini.
Ukuzwa ukuluma ezandleni nasemilenzeni: Ukuqala ukuthuthuka kokujikeleza kwegazi kungaholela ekuzweni ukuluma okwesikhashana ezandleni nasemilenzeni.
Ukukhwehlela nezinhlungu zomphimbo: Amalunga omzimba azama ukuhlanza imfucumfucu egcinwe ugwayi namanye amakhemikhali, kungavela ukukhwehlela nezinhlungu zomphimbo.
Ukukhula kwesifiso sokudla nokuzuza isisindo: Ukuziphatha okushintshayo ngenxa yokungabi nikotini kungandisa isifiso sokudla futhi kwabanye kungaholela ekuzuzeni isisindo.
Isifiso esikhulu sikanikotini: Ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine emva kokuyeka ugwayi, isifiso sikanikotini singaba phezulu.
Ukucasuka kanye nokushintsha kwemizwa: Ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi, kungavela ukungakhululeki, ulaka, ukukhathazeka noma ukuguquka kwemizwa.
Ukubambezeleka kokuhamba kwesisu: Nikotini ithinta uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, lapho uyeka kungavela ukubambezeleka kokuhamba kwesisu kanye nokuvimba isisu okwesikhashana.
Ukukhathazeka, ukudangala nezinkinga zokulala: Ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kunikotini kungavela ukukhathazeka, imizwa yokudangala kanye nokungalali kahle. Ikakhulukazi uma imizwa yokudangala ivela, kunconywa ukuthola usizo kudokotela. Ukuze kube lula le nqubo, odokotela bangase batusa ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo, izithako ezithile, amafutha e-omega-3, i-acupuncture, ukuzindla noma umyango.
Ubunzima bokugxila nokoma komlomo: Ukuntuleka kokugxila kanye nokoma komlomo nakho kungaba phakathi kwezimpawu zesikhashana zokuntuleka.
Izinguquko Ezenzeka Emzimbeni Ngesikhathi Esithile Ngemva Kokuyeka Ugwayi
Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuyeka, izinguquko ezinhle emzimbeni ziqala ngokushesha futhi ziyaqhubeka ngokwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:
Ngemva kwemizuzu engama-20: Ijuba lenhliziyo lehla futhi umfutho wegazi uqala ukwehla.
Ngemva kwamahora ayi-12: Izinga le-carbon monoxide egazini libuya esimeni esijwayelekile.
Ngemva kwamahora angama-48: Ukuqaphela ukunambitha nokunuka kuba ngcono kakhulu.
Phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu: Ukujikeleza kwegazi kanye nomsebenzi wokuphefumula kuthuthuka kakhulu.
Phakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwezingu-9: Ukwehla kokuphelelwa umoya nokukhwehlela kuyabonakala.
Ngemva konyaka owodwa: Ingozi yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo yehla kakhulu.
Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu: Ingozi yokushaywa wumoya (stroke) ifana naleyo yomuntu ongakaze atshaye ugwayi.
Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi: Ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu isondela kweyomuntu ongakaze atshaye ugwayi.
Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-15: Ingozi yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi icishe ifane neyomuntu ongakaze atshaye ugwayi.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuthola Ukusekelwa Ngesikhathi Sokuyeka Ugwayi?
Ukuthatha isinqumo sokuyeka ugwayi kungesinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho. Kodwa-ke, ukuzama ukuyeka uwedwa akulula kubo bonke abantu. Abanye bangase babe nobunzima ekulweni nezimpawu zokuntuleka, ngaleyo ndlela babe sengozini yokubuyela ekutshayeni. Ukuthola usizo kudokotela noma eqenjini elisekelayo kubantu abazimisele ukuyeka ugwayi kusiza ukuthi inqubo ihambe ngokuphepha nangokuqinile. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele noma ezinye izindlela zokweseka ukuze inqubo yokuyeka iphumelele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Ukuyeka ugwayi kuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?
Ukuyeka ugwayi kuthinta cishe zonke izinhlelo zomzimba ngendlela enhle. Impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ithuthuka, ingozi yomdlavuza yehla, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luqina futhi izinga lempilo jikelele liyakhuphuka.
2. Izimpawu zokuntuleka zihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi?
Izimpawu zokuntuleka zivame kakhulu emasontweni okuqala amabili, ngokuvamile zincipha emasontweni ambalwa bese zinyamalala ngokuphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
3. Ukukhula kwesifiso sokudla nokuzuza isisindo kuyagwemeka yini?
Abantu abaningi bangase babe nokukhula kwesifiso sokudla kanye nokuzuza isisindo okuncane ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi. Kodwa-ke, ukudla ngendlela enempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo kungasiza ukulawula lezi zingozi.
4. Ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo yehla nini ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi?
Ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo iqala ukwehla kusukela onyakeni wokuqala ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi icishe ifane neyomuntu ongakaze atshaye ugwayi.
5. Amalunga omzimba athuthuka isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi?
Amalunga omzimba aqala inqubo yokuhlanzeka kumafutha kanye nezicubu ezilimele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokuyeka ugwayi. Phakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwezingu-9, kutholakala ukuthuthuka okukhulu emsebenzini wokuphefumula.
6. Yiziphi izindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokufuna ukuyeka ugwayi?
Ukusekelwa kochwepheshe, izindlela zokufaka esikhundleni se-nicotine, imithi kanye nokwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela enqubweni yokuyeka ukubhema.
7. Ingabe isikhathi sokungabi naso singaholela ezinkingeni zengqondo?
Kwabanye abantu kungavela ukukhathazeka, ukungazinzi, noma izimpawu zokudangala. Kulokhu, ukuthola usizo lochwepheshe kuyasiza.
8. Ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema, ingabe umuzwa wokunambitha nowokuhogela uyabuya?
Kubantu abaningi, kuthuthuka umuzwa wokunambitha nowokuhogela kungakapheli isikhathi eside ngemva kokuyeka.
9. Yiziphi izinguquko ezenzekayo esikhumbeni ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema?
Uma uyeka ukubhema, ukugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni kuyanda, umbala nobusha besikhumba kungabuya.
10. Kubalulekile yini ukuyeka ukubhema kulabo abahlela ukukhulelwa?
Impela. Ukubhema kuthinta kabi ukukhiqiza inzalo, Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nempilo yengane. Ukuyeka kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni impilo yengane kanye kanina.
11. Ingabe kufanele ngiyeke ngedwa?
Cha. Izikhungo zezempilo eziningi zingakusiza ngesevisi yokwelulekwa nezinhlelo zokweseka ukuze kube lula ukuyeka ukubhema.
12. Ingabe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziyasebenza uma uyeka ukubhema?
Kwabanye abantu, ukuzindla, i-acupuncture, umyego kanye nokwelashwa okusekelayo kungaba wusizo. Kodwa lezi zindlela azikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni kosizo lwezokwelapha; ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela.
13. Yiziphi izimpawu okumele uthintane nodokotela ngesikhathi sokungabi naso?
Uma kuba nokudangala okukhulu, izinkinga zokulala ezithatha isikhathi eside, izinhlungu zekhanda ezingapheli noma ezinye izifo ezinzima, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe.
14. Ingabe kukhona ingozi yokubuyela ekubhemeni ngemva kokuyeka?
Yebo, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala, kungaba nokuvame ukubuyela emuva. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola ukwesekwa nokugwema izimo ezibangela isifiso sokubhema.
15. Sengineminyaka ngibhema, ingabe kusasebenza ukuyeka?
Kunoma yimuphi ubudala noma isikhathi sokusebenzisa, ukuyeka kunikeza imiphumela emihle kwezempilo. Awukaze wephuze; ngesinqumo sokuyeka unganciphisa izingozi.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (WHO) – Ishidi Lamaqiniso Ngokubhema
Inhlangano Yezinso ZaseMelika (American Lung Association) – Izinzuzo Zokuyeka Ukubhema
Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo e-USA (CDC) – Ukubhema Nokusetshenziswa Kwe-Tobacco: Yeka Ukubhema
Inhlangano Yezinhliziyo YaseYurophu (ESC) – Imihlahlandlela Yokubhema Nezifo Zenhliziyo
Inhlangano Yomdlavuza YaseMelika (American Cancer Society) – Umhlahlandlela Wokuyeka Ukubhema