Zizintoni iiLezyoni zeHiperintens? Izizathu Zokubakho, Iimpawu kunye neendlela Zonyango
Iindawo ze-hyperintense, ikakhulu kwintloko nengingqi yomqolo, zibonakala kwiinkqubo zesakhiwo senkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi ngexesha lokuthathwa kwemifanekiso ye-magnetic resonance (MRG), rhoqo kwi-T2 okanye kwi-FLAIR, zibonakala zikhanya, oko kukuthi "hyperintense". Ezi ndawo zikhanyayo zingafunyanwa phakathi kwemathambo amhlophe okanye angwevu kwaye zingabonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezingaphantsi.
Zeziphi Izizathu Eziphambili ZeeLezyon ze-Hyperintense?
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezenzeka entloko okanye kumqolo zinokuba nezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
Iingxaki zemithambo-gazi ezihlala ixesha elide (izifo zemithambo-gazi)
Izifo zokonakaliswa kwe-myelini (umzekelo, i-Multiple Sclerosis)
Ukwenzakala kwentloko ngenxa yengozi
Usulelo
Inani, ubungakanani kunye nendawo yezi lezyon zifunyenweyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubunzima kunye nendlela yesifo. Iimpawu zelezyon; umzekelo, ukuba zininzi, zigubungela imimandla emikhulu okanye zisasazeke kwiindawo ezithile zengqondo, ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela ukwanda kobunzima besifo.
Zeziphi Iindidi Ezahlukileyo ZeeLezyon ze-Hyperintense?
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense zingahlulwa ngokweendawo ezikuzo:
Ilezyon ezikufuphi ne-ventricle: Zifumaneka kumacala ejikeleze i-ventricle yengqondo kwaye zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nezifo zokonakaliswa kwe-myelini.
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezisezantsi kwe-cortex: Zivelisa kwi-matter emhlophe engezantsi kwe-cortex; zihlala zinxulumene nezifo zemithambo-gazi emincinci kunye neengxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezikufuphi ne-cortex: Zifumaneka kanye ecaleni kwe-cortex yengqondo kwaye zihlala zibonakala kwi-Multiple Sclerosis.
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezisezantsi kwe-tentorium: Zifumaneka kwindawo esezantsi yengqondo nakwi-cerebellum, zinokuhamba kunye nezifo zokonakala kwemithambo-luvo.
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezisasazekileyo: Zisasazeke kwi-matter emhlophe yengqondo, zihlala zinxulumene nobudala obuphambili okanye izifo zemithambo-gazi ezihlala ixesha elide.
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezinemida ecacileyo: Zivelisa kwiindawo ezincinci nezilinganiselweyo; zihlala zinxulumene nokwenzakala, usulelo okanye iinkqubo zetumor.
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense kwi-medulla spinalis: Ezi lezyon zifumaneka kumqolo, zihlala zinxulumene nokwenzakala, iimeko zokuvuvukala okanye ukwakheka kwetumor.
Zeziphi Iimpawu Ezinokubangelwa ZeeLezyon ze-Hyperintense?
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense zinokungabangelwa mpawu ethile, kodwa zinokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zengqondo ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwesizathu esingaphantsi kunye nobubanzi belezyon. Iimpawu ezinokubakho zezi:
Intlungu yentloko
Ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela
Ukuncipha kwemisebenzi yokucinga
Iingxaki zokubanjwa (seizures)
Ukubuthathaka kwamandla emisipha
Kodwa, uninzi lwee-lezyon ze-hyperintense ezifumaneka ebudaleni abuzisi mpawu ixesha elide kwaye zingafunyanwa ngengozi. Kodwa xa inani lelezyon likhulu kwaye indawo egubungelweyo inkulu, umngcipheko weengxaki ezinzima zengqondo uyanda.
Ilezyon ze-Hyperintense Ezilungileyo: Zithetha Ntoni, Zibangela Ziphi Iingxaki?
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezilungileyo zihlala ziveliswa yinkqubo yokuguga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iswekile, i-migraine, izifo zemithambo-gazi kwaye zifumaneka ngengozi kwi-MRG. Rhoqo, ezi lezyon azibangeli ngxaki zempilo ebonakalayo kumntu. Kodwa ngamaxesha ambalwa, kwabanye abantu kunokubonakala iingxaki ezincinci zokucinga, intlungu yentloko okanye iimpawu zengqondo ezexeshana.
Ezi ntlobo zeelezyon zihlala zizinzile, azihambi phambili kwaye azibangeli umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zinkulu kakhulu okanye zininzi, kunokufuneka kuphandwe ukuba ikhona na enye ingxaki yengqondo esisiseko.
Ilezyon ze-Hyperintense Ezimbi: Iimeko Ezifuna Ingqwalasela
Ilezyon ze-hyperintense ezimbi, oko kukuthi ezineempawu zetumor; zikhula ngokukhawuleza entloko okanye kumqolo, zinokusasazeka kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinokuthwala uphawu lwetumor. Kwi-MRG zihlala zibonakala kunye neempawu ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukufa kwezicubu okanye ukopha. Ezi ntlobo zeelezyon, ngokweendawo ezikuzo nobukhulu bazo, zinokubangela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
Intlungu yentloko enzima
Iingxaki zokubanjwa (seizures)
Ukuphulukana namandla engqondo
Ukuphazamiseka kokucinga
Utshintsho kwimpawu zobuntu
Ilezyon ezimbi ziquka iimeko ezinzima zonyango ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo kwaye zifuna indlela yokunyanga ebanzi.
Ilezyon ze-Hyperintense Zifumaniswa Njani?
Uhlolo lwezi lezyon luqala ngokubona iindawo ezikhanyayo kwi-MRG, ikakhulu kwi-T2 kunye ne-FLAIR. Xa kusenziwa uhlolo, akonelanga ukujonga imifanekiso kuphela; indawo, ubungakanani, inani lelezyon kunye neempawu zonyango kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kunye. Xa kufuneka, i-MRG ene-contrast kunye nezinye iindlela zokuthatha imifanekiso zingasetyenziswa ukwahlula izizathu. Kwakhona, imbali yesigulana kunye novavanyo lwengqondo zibalulekile ekufumaneni isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
Indlela Yokunyanga Ilezyon ze-Hyperintense: Zeziphi Iindlela Zonyango?
Kunyango lwee-lezyon ze-hyperintense, injongo ephambili kukulawula isifo esingaphantsi esinokubangela ezi lezyon. Isicwangciso sonyango siquka oku kulandelayo:
Kwi-lezyon ezivela kwimithambo-gazi, ulawulo lwezinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye neswekile lubalulekile. Rhoqo kusetyenziswa amayeza okwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, amayeza okunciphisa igazi kunye nonyango lokulawula i-cholesterol.
Ukuba kukho izifo zokonakaliswa kwe-myelini (umzekelo MS), amayeza afana ne-corticosteroids, amayeza anciphisa isantya sesifo okanye alungelelanisa inkqubo yokuzikhusela (immunomodulators) angakhethwa ngokweemfuno zesigulana.
Unyango lweempawu kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela amandla zisetyenziswa ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulana.
Unyango lucwangciswa ngokukodwa kumntu ngamnye kwaye kufuna uhlolo lochwephesha. Ngexesha lonyango, kufuneka kuqhutywe uhlolo rhoqo lwe-MRG ukulandela imeko yeelezyon.
Kufuneka Kwenziwe Nini Utyando KwiLezyon ze-Hyperintense?
Ezinye i-lezyon, ikakhulu ezikhula ngokukhawuleza okanye ezibangela imfumba enkulu, zinokufuna unyango lotyando. Imfuneko yotyando iqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha ngokusekelwe kwindawo ye-lezyon, ubukhulu bayo, imeko yesigulana kunye nemeko yengqondo.
Injongo ngexesha lotyando kukususa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ilezyon, ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukwenzakala kwizicubu ezikufutshane. Emva kotyando, isigulana kufuneka silandelwe ngononophelo kwaye xa kufuneka kusetyenziswe unyango olongezelelweyo. Kwiimeko ezifunayo ubuchule obuphezulu, umngcipheko kunye neenzuzo kufuneka zabelwane ngokweenkcukacha nesigulana kunye nosapho.
Ukubuyela Kwimeko Emva Konyango kunye Nenkqubo Yokulandela
Impumelelo yonyango lwee-lezyon ze-hyperintense ixhomekeke kwimeko jikelele yesigulana, uhlobo lwelezyon kunye nendlela esabela ngayo kunyango. Ukulandela imeko kwenziwa ngokuhlola rhoqo iimpawu kunye nemifanekiso.
Ukuphumla okwaneleyo, unyango lomzimba, ergotherapy kunye noncedo lwengqondo xa kufuneka, kunegalelo elibalulekileyo. Ixesha elide, ulawulo olulungileyo loxinzelelo lwegazi kunye neswekile lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvela kwelezyon ezintsha nasekuthinteleni inkqubela phambili yeelezyon ezikhoyo.
Imibuzo Ebuza Rhoqo
1. Yintoni ilezyon ye-hyperintense?
Ilezyon ye-hyperintense ichaza imimandla etshintshileyo entloko okanye kumqolo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ebonakala ikhanya kwi-MRG, ikakhulu kwi-T2 okanye FLAIR.
2. Ngaba ezi lezyon zisoloko zibonisa isifo esinzima?
Hayi, uninzi lwee-lezyon ze-hyperintense, ikakhulu kubantu abadala, zihlala zilungile kwaye zingabonakali ngeempawu. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko zinokubonisa izifo ezinzima, ngoko uhlolo lwezonyango lubalulekile.
3. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukufumana isifo kuphela nge-MRG?
IMRG yindlela ephambili yokufumanisa ilezyon ze-hyperintense. Kodwa ukufumanisa unobangela kudla ngokufuna uhlolo olongezelelweyo (imbali, uvavanyo, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo xa kufuneka).
4. Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho?
Iimpawu zixhomekeke kudidi kunye nendawo yeelezyon. Intlungu yentloko, ukuphazamiseka kokucinga okuncinci okanye okukhulu, ukulahleka kokulinganisela, ukuncipha kwamandla emisipha, iingxaki zokubanjwa zinokubonakala.
5. Ngaba ukwanda kwenani lelezyon kubangela isifo esinzima ngakumbi?
Kwezinye iimeko, inani elininzi kunye nemimandla egubungelweyo zinokubangela ukwanda kobunzima besifo. Yonke imeko kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokwahlukeneyo.
6. Ngaba kufuneka unyango kuzo zonke i-lezyon ze-hyperintense?
Hayi, uninzi lwelezyoni ezilungileyo nezenzeka ngengozi zinokulandwa. Kodwa ukuba kukho imeko enzulu esisiseko, unyango luyacwangciswa.
7. Ngaba unyango lokuhlinzwa luxhaphakile?
Utyando luthandwa ikakhulu kwiitumor ezimbi okanye kwiindidi ezithile zelezyoni. Iilezyoni ezilungileyo nezingenazimpawu zihlala zingafuni utyando.
8. Lunjani uhambo lokuphilisa emva konyango?
Inkqubo yokuphilisa iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Unyango lomzimba kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunokuchaphazela kakuhle inkqubo yokuphilisa.
9. Ziziphi izinto ezandisa umngcipheko?
Ukuguga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iswekile, izifo zemithambo yegazi kunye nezinye izinto ezifunyanwa emzimbeni zizinto eziphambili ezandisa umngcipheko.
10. Ngaba iilezyoni ze-hyperintense zinokuthintelwa?
Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuzithintela ngokupheleleyo; kodwa ulawulo lwezinto ezandisa umngcipheko (uxinzelelo lwegazi, iswekile, ulawulo lwecholesterol, indlela yokuphila enempilo) kunokunciphisa uphuhliso lwelezyoni entsha.
11. Kunjani ukuqonda ukuba iilezyoni ziyingozi okanye azikho?
Imeko yezonyango, iintlobo zeempawu, iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye nembali zihlolwa kunye ukuze kuchongwe umngcipheko. Kwiimeko ezithandabuzekayo, kufuneka kufunyanwe uluvo lweengcali zonyango.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): Izifo zeNervous System - Imingeni kwiMpilo yoluntu
Imigaqo ye-American Academy of Neurology (AAN): Ukuhlalutya kwe-MRI kwiZifo zeWhite Matter
Imigaqo ye-European Stroke Organisation (ESO): Imigaqo kwiSifo seCerebral Small Vessel
National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS): Iindidi zeeLezyoni kunye nokuBaluleka kwezoNyango
Adams and Victor’s Principles of Neurology, uHlelo lwe-11
Radiology Society of North America (RSNA): Iimpawu zoMfanekiso zeeLezyoni zeNgqondo